French Haitians, also called Franco-Haitians are citizens of
Haiti of full or partial
French ancestry. The term is sometimes also applied to Haitians who migrated to France in the 20th and 21st century and who have acquired French citizenship, as well to their descendants.
Colonization
The story begins with the issuing of French adventurers in the
Tortuga Island, which was close to the Spanish colony of
Santo Domingo
, total_type = Total
, population_density_km2 = auto
, timezone = AST (UTC −4)
, area_code_type = Area codes
, area_code = 809, 829, 849
, postal_code_type = Postal codes
, postal_code = 10100–10699 ( Distrito Nacional)
, webs ...
. As a result in the late 17th century, the French had
de facto
''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with ''de jure'' ("by la ...
control of the island close to the Spanish colony. The wars of
Louis XIV of France
, house = Bourbon
, father = Louis XIII
, mother = Anne of Austria
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
, death_date =
, death_place = Palace of ...
in
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...
finally convinced the Spaniards to give the island to the French under to the Treaty on
Ryswick
Rijswijk (), formerly known as Ryswick ( ) in English, is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. Its population was in , and it has an area of , of which is water.
The municipality also includes th ...
(1697). The French called their new colony
Saint-Domingue. And they began transforming the settlement into a large sugar
plantation
A plantation is an agricultural estate, generally centered on a plantation house, meant for farming that specializes in cash crops, usually mainly planted with a single crop, with perhaps ancillary areas for vegetables for eating and so on. The ...
. Later the Frenchmen began to bring large numbers of
African slaves to work on plantations, the destruction of the Taino and African imports changed the demographics of St Domingue. By the late 17th century, the French made up 90% of the nation, with more than 1,000 settlers and their descendants (note that
Haiti had a European past), but as the number of
black people grew faster, they acceded to a mix between
French and black people, which resulted in a fast growth of
mulattos
(, ) is a racial classification to refer to people of mixed African and European ancestry. Its use is considered outdated and offensive in several languages, including English and Dutch, whereas in languages such as Spanish and Portuguese ...
, although in some cases the mixing occurred two or more times. The French could notice that some mulatto were clearer than others. By the early 18th century, mulattos and slaves started to compose the majority of the colony, blacks continued to be used as slaves for the production of sugar, which was in demand in
Western Europe
Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context.
The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...
. That made the French put much pressure and cruelty to blacks to speed the production.
[''Historical Boys'Clothing']
Haitian History: French Colony--Saint Domingo (1697-1791)
Retrieved, 28/11/2014.
Haitian massacres and slave revolt
For 1791, the first revolt of slaves and mulattos got up, which consisted blacks demanded their rights, to abandon slavery, and equal skin color, this fault with indignation in
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...
and whites in Saint-Domingue the white man lynched blacks and mulattos that fell into their hands, no matter their gender or age.
Then another stood up to 1804, this time led by the slaves:
Toussaint Louverture
François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture (; also known as Toussaint L'Ouverture or Toussaint Bréda; 20 May 1743 – 7 April 1803) was a Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution. During his life, Louverture ...
and
Jean-Jacques Dessalines, but this what slaves joined and massacred in a brutal form to whites who lived in the colony, as well as their descendants in that colony. This produced a notable reduction of
French people
The French people (french: Français) are an ethnic group and nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France.
The French people, especially the na ...
in Haiti.
Notable French Haitians
*
Joseph Bunel
*
Charles Frédéric Chassériau
Baron Charles Frédéric Chassériau du Chiron (29 January 1802 – 11 January 1896) was a Saint Dominican architect and painter, who served as chief architect of the cities of Marseille, Algiers, in Algeria; and Cairo, in Egypt. He is partic ...
*
Marie-Madeleine Lachenais
*
Josaphat-Robert Large
*
Jean-Louis Michel
See also
*
France–Haiti relations
References
{{French diaspora
European Haitian
Ethnic groups in Haiti
Haiti