Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle (28 May 1748 – 4 September 1825) was a British peer, statesman, diplomat, and author.

Life

He was the son of

Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle KG (14 August 1694 – 3 September 1758), styled Viscount Morpeth until 1738 was a British Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1738 when he succeeded to the Peerage as Earl of Carlisl ...

and his second wife Isabella Byron. His mother was a daughter of William Byron, 4th Baron Byron and his wife Frances Berkeley, a descendant of John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton. She was also a sister of William Byron, 5th Baron Byron and a great-aunt of

George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824), known simply as Lord Byron, was an English romantic poet and peer. He was one of the leading figures of the Romantic movement, and has been regarded as among the ...

, the poet. In 1798, Carlisle was appointed guardian to Lord Byron who later lampooned him in ''

English Bards and Scotch Reviewers ''English Bards and Scotch Reviewers'' is an 1809 satirical poem written by Lord Byron, and published by James Cawthorn in London. Background and description The poem was first published anonymously, in March 1809, and a second, expanded editio ...

''. During his youth Carlisle was mentored by George Selwyn and was chiefly known as a man of pleasure and fashion. He was created a

Knight of the Thistle A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood finds origins in the Gr ...

in 1767, and entered the

House of Lords The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by appointment, heredity or official function. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminst ...

in 1770. After he had reached thirty years of age, his appointment on a Commission sent out by

Frederick North, Lord North Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (13 April 17325 August 1792), better known by his courtesy title Lord North, which he used from 1752 to 1790, was 12th Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782. He led Great Britain through most o ...

, to attempt a reconciliation with the

Thirteen Colonies The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies, the Thirteen American Colonies, or later as the United Colonies, were a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Founded in the 17th and 18th centu ...

during the

American War of Independence The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...

was received with sneers by the opposition. The failure of the embassy was not due to any incapacity on the part of the earl, but to the unpopularity of the government from which it received its authority. He was considered to have displayed so much ability that he was entrusted with the viceroyalty of

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the s ...

in 1780. The time was one of the greatest difficulty; for while the calm of the country was disturbed by the

, it was drained of regular troops, and large bands of volunteers not under the control of the government had been formed. Nevertheless, the two years of Carlisle's rule passed in quietness and prosperity, and the institution of a national bank and other measures which he effected left permanently beneficial results upon the commerce of the island. In 1789, in the discussions as to the regency, Carlisle took a prominent part on the side of the

prince of Wales Prince of Wales ( cy, Tywysog Cymru, ; la, Princeps Cambriae/Walliae) is a title traditionally given to the heir apparent to the English and later British throne. Prior to the conquest by Edward I in the 13th century, it was used by the rule ...

. In 1791 he opposed

William Pitt the Younger William Pitt the Younger (28 May 175923 January 1806) was a British statesman, the youngest and last prime minister of Great Britain (before the Acts of Union 1800) and then first prime minister of the United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Ir ...

's policy of resistance to the dismemberment of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...

by the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...

; but on the outbreak of the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...

he left the opposition and vigorously maintained the cause of war. He resigned from the

Order of the Thistle The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an order of chivalry associated with Scotland. The current version of the Order was founded in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland, who asserted that he was reviving an earlier Order. The O ...

and was created a

Knight of the Garter The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III of England in 1348. It is the most senior order of knighthood in the British honours system, outranked in precedence only by the Victoria Cross and the George ...

in 1793. In 1815 he opposed the enactment of the

Corn Laws The Corn Laws were tariffs and other trade restrictions on imported food and corn enforced in the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1846. The word ''corn'' in British English denotes all cereal grains, including wheat, oats and barley. They wer ...

; but from this time till his death, he took no important part in public life. In 1798 he was one of the syndicate who bought the Orleans Collection of paintings, which were housed in

Castle Howard Castle Howard is a stately home in North Yorkshire, England, within the civil parish of Henderskelfe, located north of York. It is a private residence and has been the home of the Carlisle branch of the Howard family for more than 300 years ...

Family

On 22 March 1770, Frederick married Lady Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower (died 27 January 1824), daughter of

Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford, KG PC (4 August 172126 October 1803), known as Viscount Trentham from 1746 to 1754 and as The Earl Gower from 1754 to 1786, was a British politician from the Leveson-Gower family. Background ...

and his wife, Lady Louisa Egerton, herself the daughter of Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater. They had ten children: *Lady Isabella Caroline Howard (1771–1848), who married

John Campbell, 1st Baron Cawdor John Campbell, 1st Baron Cawdor, FRS FSA (ca. 1753 – 1 June 1821), was a Welsh art-collector and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1777 to 1796. Biography John Campbell was born ca. 1753, the son of Pryse Campbell of Stackpole ...

, on 27 July 1789 and had issue *

George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle of Castle Howard, (17 September 17737 October 1848), styled Viscount Morpeth until 1825, was a British statesman. He served as Lord Privy Seal between 1827 and 1828 and in 1834 and was a member of Lord Grey ...

(17 September 1773–1848), who married and had issue *Lady Charlotte Howard (15 November 1774–1774) *Lady Susan Maria Howard (26 February 1776–1783) *Lady Louisa Howard (27 March 1778–1781) * Lady Elizabeth Howard (13 November 1780 – 29 November 1825),''The Register of Births and Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1761-1786''. 10 December 1780. who married John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland, on 22 April 1799 and had issue * William Howard (1781–1843), Member of Parliament *Lady Gertrude Howard (1783–1870), who married William Sloane-Stanley on 23 June 1806 and had issue *Maj. Frederick Howard (6 December 1785 – 18 June 1815), killed in action at Waterloo, who married Frances Susan Lambton and had two sons, including

Frederick John Howard Frederick John Howard (1 March 1814 – 28 February 1897) was a British Member of Parliament. Biography Howard, born on 1 March 1814, was the eldest son of Major the Hon. Frederick Howard, third son of Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle. ...

* Henry Edward John Howard (1795–1868), who married and had issue The 5th Earl was also reputedly the natural father of Howard Staunton (1810–1874), an English chess master regarded as having been the world's strongest player from 1843 to 1851, according to information " gleaned" by chess historian

H. J. R. Murray Harold James Ruthven Murray (24 June 1868 – 16 May 1955) was a British educationalist, inspector of schools, and prominent chess historian. His book, ''A History of Chess'', is widely regarded as the most authoritative and comprehensive hist ...

from various sources, although record of Staunton's birth or baptism has never been found.

Works

Carlisle was the author of some political tracts, a number of poems, and two tragedies: * ''Poems'', London, 1773 * ''The Father's Revenge'' (a tragedy in five acts), London, 1783 * ''To Sir J. Reynolds'', (verses), London, 1790 * ''A Letter to Earl FitzWilliam'', London, 1795 * ''The Crisis'', London, 1798 * ''Unite or Fall'', London, 1798 * ''The Stepmother'', (a tragedy), London, 1800 * ''The Tragedies and Poems of Frederick, Earl of Carlisle'', London, 1801 * ''Verses on the Death on Lord Nelson, London, 1806 * ''Thoughts on the present Condition of the Stage'', London, 1808 * ''Miscellanies'', London, 1820

Notes

References

* Attributions *

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of 1748 births 1825 deaths 18th-century English dramatists and playwrights 19th-century English dramatists and playwrights 18th-century English poets 19th-century English poets *05 Frederick Knights of the Garter Knights of the Thistle Lord-Lieutenants of the East Riding of Yorkshire Lords Lieutenant of Ireland Lords Privy Seal Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain Treasurers of the Household Presidents of the Board of Trade Lord Byron Ambassadors of Great Britain to the United States British people of the American Revolution