The Frankfurter Wachensturm (German: charge of the Frankfurt guard house) on 3 April 1833 was a failed attempt to start a revolution in Germany.

Events

About 50 students attacked the soldiers and policemen of the Frankfurt Police offices '' Hauptwache'' and ''

Konstablerwache Konstablerwache is a central square in the centre of Frankfurt am Main and part of its pedestrian zone. It lies to the east of Hauptwache with both squares linked by the Zeil, the central shopping area of the city. History At the corner of th ...

'' to try to gain control over the treasury of the

German Confederation The German Confederation (german: Deutscher Bund, ) was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe. It was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as a replacement of the former Holy Roman Empire, w ...

to start a revolution in all German states. However, because the plot had been betrayed to the police, it was easy to overcome the attackers. The attack was organized by students, most of them members of the

Burschenschaft A Burschenschaft (; sometimes abbreviated in the German ''Burschenschaft'' jargon; plural: ) is one of the traditional (student associations) of Germany, Austria, and Chile (the latter due to German cultural influence). Burschenschaften were fo ...

, Gustav Körner and

Gustav Bunsen Gustav, Gustaf or Gustave may refer to: *Gustav (name), a male given name of Old Swedish origin Art, entertainment, and media * ''Primeval'' (film), a 2007 American horror film * ''Gustav'' (film series), a Hungarian series of animated short cart ...

( :de:Gustav Bunsen), a teacher, and others.

Aftermath

After the failed attack, at least eight of those involved, Gustav Körner, George Bunsen, Gustav Bunsen,

Henry Abend Henry may refer to: People * Henry (given name) *Henry (surname) * Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry Royalty * Portuguese royalty ** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal ** Henry, Count of Portuga ...

Theodore Engleman Theodore may refer to: Places * Theodore, Alabama, United States * Theodore, Australian Capital Territory * Theodore, Queensland, a town in the Shire of Banana, Australia * Theodore, Saskatchewan, Canada * Theodore Reservoir, a lake in Sask ...

Georg Neuhoff Georg may refer to: * ''Georg'' (film), 1997 *Georg (musical), Estonian musical * Georg (given name) * Georg (surname) George is a surname of Irish, English, Welsh, South Indian Christian, Middle Eastern Christian (usually Lebanese), French, or ...

and

Adolph Berchelman Adolf (also spelt Adolph or Adolphe, Adolfo and when Latinised Adolphus) is a given name used in German-speaking countries, Scandinavia, the Netherlands and Flanders, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Latin America and to a lesser extent in var ...

fled to

Belleville, Illinois Belleville is a city and the county seat of St. Clair County, Illinois, coterminous with the now defunct Belleville Township. It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Belleville and the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Snows. The p ...

. Gustav Körner was later Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. Gustav Bunsen died serving

Sam Houston Samuel Houston (, ; March 2, 1793 – July 26, 1863) was an American general and statesman who played an important role in the Texas Revolution. He served as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas and was one of the first two i ...

in Texas, and George Bunsen became superintendent of schools in St. Clair County, Illinois. This group of ''1830s revolutionaries'', thus called in German ''the Dreißiger'', were predecessors of the "

Forty-Eighters The Forty-Eighters were Europeans who participated in or supported the Revolutions of 1848 that swept Europe. In the German Confederation, the Forty-Eighters favoured unification of Germany, a more democratic government, and guarantees of human ...

", who had to emigrate following the

1848 revolutions The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Springtime of the Peoples or the Springtime of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe starting in 1848. It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in Europe ...

Literature

German

*Foerster, Cornelia: Der Preß- und Vaterlandsverein von 1832/33. Sozialstruktur und Organisationsformen der bürgerlichen Bewegung in der Zeit des Hambacher Festes, Trier 1982 (= Trierer historische Forschungen, Bd. 3). *Gerber, Harry: Der Frankfurter Wachensturm vom 3. April 1833. Neue Beiträge zu seinem Verlauf und seiner behördlichen Untersuchung, in: Paul Wentzcke (Hg.): Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte der Burschenschaft und der deutschen Einheitsbewegung, Bd. 14, Berlin 1934, S. 171–212. *Heer, Georg: Geschichte der Deutschen Burschenschaft, Bd. 2: Die Demagogenzeit 1820–1833, Heidelberg 1927, 2. Aufl. 1965 (= Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte der Burschenschaft und der deutschen Einheitsbewegung, Bd. 10), S. 291–302. *Jakob, Josef: Die Studentenverbindungen und ihr Verhältnis zu Staat und Gesellschaft an der Ludwigs-Maximilian-Universität Landshut/München von 1800 bis 1833, Diss. phil. Fernuniversität Hagen 2002, S. 179–181, 206–209, 211–217. *Kaupp, Peter: „Bezüglich revolutionärer Umtriebe“. Burschenschafter im „Schwarzen Buch“ (1838). Ein Beitrag zur Sozialstruktur und zur Personengeschichte des deutschen Frühliberalismus, in: Horst Bernhardi, Ernst Wilhelm Wreden (Hg.): Jahresgabe der Gesellschaft für burschenschaftliche Geschichtsforschung 1980/81/82, o. O. (Bad Nauheim) 1981, S. 73–99. *Kopf, Sabine: Studenten im deutschen Press- und Vaterlandsverein – Zum Verhältnis von Burschenschaften und nichtstudentischer bürgerlicher Opposition 1832/33, in: Helmut Asmus (Hg.): Studentische Burschenschaften und bürgerliche Umwälzung. Zum 175. Jahrestag des Wartburgfestes, Berlin 1992, S. 185–196. *Leininger, Franz, Herman Haupt: Zur Geschichte des Frankfurter Attentats, in: Herman Haupt (Hg.): Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte der Burschenschaft und der deutschen Einheitsbewegung, Bd. 5, Heidelberg 1920, S. 133–148. *Lönnecker, Harald: „Unzufriedenheit mit den bestehenden Regierungen unter dem Volke zu verbreiten“. Politische Lieder der Burschenschaften aus der Zeit zwischen 1820 und 1850, in: Max Matter, Nils Grosch (Hg.): Lied und populäre Kultur. Song and Popular Culture, Münster, New York, München, Berlin 2004 (= Jahrbuch des Deutschen Volksliedarchivs Freiburg i. Br., Bd. 48/2003), S. 85–131. *Polster, Georg: Politische Studentenbewegung und bürgerliche Gesellschaft. Die Würzburger Burschenschaft im Kräftefeld von Staat, Universität und Stadt 1814–1850, Heidelberg 1989 (= Darstellungen und Quellen zur Geschichte der deutschen Einheitsbewegung im neunzehnten und zwanzigsten Jahrhundert, Bd. 13), S. 192 f., 198–203, 207–214, 229 f., 247–259. *Roeseling, Severin: Burschenehre und Bürgerrecht. Die Geschichte der Heidelberger Burschenschaft von 1824 bis 1834, Heidelberg 1999 (= Heidelberger Abhandlungen zur mittleren und neueren Geschichte, Bd. 12), S. 150–235, 244–289, 296–312, 315–321, 324–329.

English

*Rudolph L. Biesele, The History of the German Settlements in Texas, 1831–1861 (Austin: Von Boeckmann-Jones, 1930; rpt. 1964). *William Goetzmann, ed., The American Hegelians: An Intellectual Episode in the History of Western America (New York: Knopf, 1973). *Minetta Altgelt Goyne, A Life among the Texas Flora: Ferdinand Lindheimer's Letters to George Engelmann (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1991). *Glen E. Lich and Dona B. Reeves, eds., German Culture in Texas (Boston: Twayne, 1980). *Carl Wittke, Refugees of Revolution: The German Forty-Eighters in America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1952).

External links

Texas State Historical Association: „Dreißiger“ – Dreissiger is a collective term for some of the intellectual refugees of the German liberal movements of the 1830s ...

Texas State Historical Association: BUNSEN, JOHANN ERNST FRIEDRICH GUSTAV (1804–1836)
{{Authority control History of Frankfurt 1833 in Germany April 1833 events Conflicts in 1833 Rebellions in Germany