Francesco Bartolozzi
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__NOTOC__ Francesco Bartolozzi (21 September 1727, in
Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
– 7 March 1815, in
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
) was an Italian engraver, whose most productive period was spent in
London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
. He is noted for popularizing the "crayon" method of engraving.


Early life

Bartolozzi was born in
Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
in 1727. He was originally destined to follow the profession of his father, a gold- and silver-smith, but he manifested so much skill and taste in designing that he was placed under the supervision of two Florentine artists, including
Ignazio Hugford ''A miracle of St. Francis of Paola'' by Hugford. Ignazio Hugford, or Ignatius Heckford (1703–1778), was an Italian painter active mostly in Tuscany in an early Neoclassic style. Life and work Ignazio Hugford was born in Pisa, the son of a ...
and
Giovanni Domenico Ferretti Giovanni Domenico Ferretti (''Giandomenico''), also called Giandomenico d'ImolaM. Farquhar (15 June 1692 – 18 August 1768) was an Italian Rococo style painter from Florence. According to the contemporary Giovanni Camillo Sagrestani, Ferre ...
who instructed him in painting. After devoting three years to that art, he went to
Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400  ...
and studied engraving. He spent six years there working for Joseph Wagner, an engraver and printseller, before setting up his own workshop.


Early career

His first productions in Venice were plates in the style of
Marco Ricci Marco Ricci (6 June 1676 – 21 January 1730) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. Early years He was born at Belluno and received his first instruction in art from his uncle, Sebastiano Ricci, likely in Milan in 1694–6.Giacometti, Mar ...
, Zuccarelli. He then moved for a short time in 1762 to
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
, where he completed a set of engravings representing frescoes at Grottaferrata by
Domenichino Domenico Zampieri (, ; October 21, 1581 – April 6, 1641), known by the diminutive Domenichino (, ) after his shortness, was an Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese School of painters. Life Domenichino was born in Bologna, son of a shoem ...
depicting the ''life of St Nilus''. Those and his etchings of
Old Master In art history, "Old Master" (or "old master")Old Masters De ...
's works, began to draw attention throughout Europe. In 1763 he met Richard Dalton, the English Royal Librarian who was traveling in Italy looking for acquisitions for the King's collections. Dalton offered him an appointment as Engraver to the King; Bartolozzi accepted and left for
London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
in 1764.


Career in London

He lived in London for nearly forty years. He produced an enormous number of engravings, including ''Clytie'' after
Annibale Carracci Annibale Carracci (; November 3, 1560 – July 15, 1609) was an Italian painter and instructor, active in Bologna and later in Rome. Along with his brother and cousin, Annibale was one of the progenitors, if not founders of a leading strand of th ...
, and of the Virgin and Child, after
Carlo Dolci Carlo (or Carlino) Dolci (25 May 1616 – 17 January 1686) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Florence, known for highly finished religious pictures, often repeated in many versions. Biography He was born in Florence, ...
. A large proportion of them are from the works of
Cipriani Cipriani S.A. is an Italian hotel and leisure company domiciled in Luxembourg that owns and operates luxury restaurants and clubs around the world including Harry's Bar in Venice and formerly the Rainbow Room in New York City. It specialises i ...
and
Angelica Kauffman Maria Anna Angelika Kauffmann ( ; 30 October 1741 – 5 November 1807), usually known in English as Angelica Kauffman, was a Swiss Neoclassical painter who had a successful career in London and Rome. Remembered primarily as a history painter, K ...
. Bartolozzi also contributed a number of plates to Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery. He also drew sketches of his own in red chalk. Soon after arriving in London, he was appointed 'Engraver to the King' (
George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...
) with an annual salary of £300. He was elected a founding member of the
Royal Academy The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its pur ...
. The new Academy's bylaws specifically excluded engravers but Bartolozzi was so well esteemed that he was brought in as an Academician in the category of Painter. In 1802 he became the founding President of the short-lived
Society of Engravers The Society of Engravers was founded in London in 1802 to promote British printmaking, largely because engravers were not allowed (unless they were also painters or sculptors) to join the Royal Academy, and also to enable "each individual to ac ...
. While Bartolozzi was not the original inventor of the crayon manner of engraving, he became a leading exponent that "stipple" method and it became associated with him. With that technique images are created by delicate dots rather than lines as in traditional etchings or engravings. Bartolozzi added distinction to his work by using red (sanguine), orange and brown inks rather than common black ink. As his prominence grew, he took on students including Michele Benedetti, Ignatius Joseph van den Berghe, Thomas Cheesman, Lambertus Antonius Claessens,
Daniel Gardner Daniel Gardner (1750 – 8 July 1805) was a British painter, best known for his work as a portraitist. He established a fashionable studio in Bond Street in London, specializing in small scale portraits in pastel, crayons or gouache, often bo ...
,
Christiaan Josi Christiaan Josi (1768-1828) was a Dutch engraver and art dealer. Josi came from Utrecht, and studied under John Raphael Smith in London. He inherited Cornelis Ploos van Amstel's collections and catalogued his Rembrandt etchings. Josi's engrav ...
,
Johan Fredrik Martin Johan Fredrik Martin (8 June 1755 – 28 September 1816) was a Swedish painter and engraver of the eighteenth century. He worked in a variety of media, especially stipple, contour etching and aquatint. Biography Martin was born in Stockholm, ...
, Conrad Martin Metz,
Luigi Schiavonetti Luigi Schiavonetti (1 April 1765 – 7 June 1810) was an Italian reproductive engraver and etcher. Life Luigi Schiavonetti was born at Bassano in Venetia. He was the maternal nephew of Teodoro Viero. After having studied art for several ...
,
John Keyse Sherwin John Keyse Sherwin (175124 September 1790) was an English engraver and history-painter. Biography Sherwin was born at East Dean in Sussex. His father was a wood-cutter employed in shaping bolts for shipbuilders, and the son followed the same o ...
, Heinrich Sintzenich,
Peltro William Tomkins Peltro William Tomkins (1759–1840) was an English engraver and draughtsman. Life He was born in London, and was baptised 15 October 1759, the younger son of William Tomkins (1730?–1792), a landscape-painter, and his wife Susanna Callard; Cha ...
, Domenico Bernardo Zilotti, and
Gavriil Skorodumov Gavriil Ivanovich Skorodumov (russian: Гавриил Иванович Скородумов; 12 March 1755 – 12 July 1792) was a Russian engraver, draftsman, and painter, best known for his stipple prints. Closely associated with the Florentine ...
. His son
Gaetano Stefano Bartolozzi Gaetano Stefano Bartolozzi (1757–1821) was an Italian engraver, art dealer, and merchant. He was the son of the famous engraver Francesco Bartolozzi, a friend of Joseph Haydn, the husband of the outstanding pianist Theresa Jansen, and the fathe ...
, born in 1757, also became an engraver and later fathered Madame Vestris a celebrated English actress, opera singer, and theater manager.


Career in Lisbon

In 1802, Bartolozzi accepted the post of director of the National Academy of
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
and moved there with the intention of reforming the royal press and producing an edition of the Portuguese epic poem ''The Lusiads (Os Lusíadas)''. By then he was in his seventies and delegated much of the work to one of his students. Despite his fame and prolific output, debts forced him to sell off most of his prints and possessions. Bartolozzi died in his studio in 1815 and was buried in the common grave of a Lisbon church.


Works

Ticozzi and Bryan both published lists of his output, including:


Original etchings

*''Abraham and the Angels''. *''The Miracle of the Manna''. *''Job abandoned by his Friends''. *''Charity'', an oval; inscribed ''Ipse feci ''. *''The Origin of Painting'' (1787). *''The Virgin and Infant''; (circular).


Etchings after masterworks

*''St. Francis of Sales triumphs over Heresy''; after Ottavio Amiconi. *''St. Luke paints the Portrait of the Virgin''; after Cantarini. *''The Adulteress before Christ''; after
Agostino Carracci Agostino Carracci (or Caracci) (16 August 1557 – 22 March 1602) was an Italian painter, printmaker, tapestry designer, and art teacher. He was, together with his brother, Annibale Carracci, and cousin, Ludovico Carracci, one of the founders of ...
. *''Roland and Olympia'', ''Clytie'', and other drawings in the Royal Collection after
Annibale Carracci Annibale Carracci (; November 3, 1560 – July 15, 1609) was an Italian painter and instructor, active in Bologna and later in Rome. Along with his brother and cousin, Annibale was one of the progenitors, if not founders of a leading strand of th ...
. *A set of eight subjects; after
Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (baptized 23 March 16095 May 1664) was an Italian Baroque painter, printmaker and draftsman, of the Genoese school. He is best known now for his etchings, and as the inventor of the printmaking technique of monoty ...
.


Etchings after Cipriani

*''The Parting of Achilles and Briseis''. *''Hector takes leave of Andromache''. *''Chryseis restored to her Father''. *''The Death of Dido''. *''Jupiter and Juno on Mount Ida''. *''Venus presenting the Cestus to Juno''. *''Venus attired by the Graces ''. *''Tancred and Herminia'' and ''Tancred and Clorinda''. *''Shakespeare crowned by Immortality''. *''Morning for the Death of lord Rufsell''.


Engravings after Angelica Kauffman

*''Socrates in Prison''. *''Penelope lamenting Ulysses''. *''Telemachus and Mentor in the Isle of Calypso''. *''Paulus Emilias educating his Children''. *''Coriolanus appeased by his Family'' * '' The Beautiful Rhodope in love with Aesope (1780s, inscription: From an original painting of the same size by Signora Angelica Kauffman. In the possession of Charles Boddam sun Esqv.)''


Others

*A set of thirteen plates from the frescoes of
Domenichino Domenico Zampieri (, ; October 21, 1581 – April 6, 1641), known by the diminutive Domenichino (, ) after his shortness, was an Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese School of painters. Life Domenichino was born in Bologna, son of a shoem ...
at
Grottaferrata Grottaferrata () is a small town and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Rome, situated on the lower slopes of the Alban Hills, south east of Rome. It has grown up around the Abbey of Santa Maria di Grottaferrata, founded in 1004. Nearby commu ...
. *A set of 33 drawings by
Guercino Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (February 8, 1591 – December 22, 1666),Miller, 1964 better known as Guercino, or il Guercino , was an Italian Baroque painter and draftsman from Cento in the Emilia region, who was active in Rome and Bologna. The vig ...
in the Royal Collection. *A set of Portraits after
Hans Holbein the Younger Hans Holbein the Younger ( , ; german: Hans Holbein der Jüngere;  – between 7 October and 29 November 1543) was a Germans, German-Swiss people, Swiss painter and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style, and is considered o ...
, including two portraits of Henry and Charles Brandon, sons of
Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, 1st Viscount Lisle, (22 August 1545) was an English military leader and courtier. Through his third wife, Mary Tudor, he was brother-in-law to King Henry VIII. Biography Charles Brandon was the second ...
,
Thomas More Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, judge, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. He also served Henry VIII as Lord ...
, Lady Meutas and Lord Mansfield. * Portraits of '' Cignani'' and ''
Pietro da Cortona Pietro da Cortona (; 1 November 1596 or 159716 May 1669) was an Italian Baroque painter and architect. Along with his contemporaries and rivals Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini, he was one of the key figures in the emergence of Roman ...
''; after
Carlo Maratta Carlo Maratta or Maratti (13 May 162515 December 1713) was an Italian painter, active mostly in Rome, and known principally for his classicizing paintings executed in a Late Baroque Classical manner. Although he is part of the classical tradition ...
. *''Bust of Michelangelo''. *''A Collection of Gems'', designed by various artists, engraved by Bartolozzi. *''Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi''; after
Benjamin West Benjamin West, (October 10, 1738 – March 11, 1820) was a British-American artist who painted famous historical scenes such as '' The Death of Nelson'', ''The Death of General Wolfe'', the '' Treaty of Paris'', and '' Benjamin Franklin Drawin ...
. *''The Death of Lord Chatham''; after
John Singleton Copley John Singleton Copley (July 3, 1738 – September 9, 1815) was an Anglo-American painter, active in both colonial America and England. He was probably born in Boston, Massachusetts, to Richard and Mary Singleton Copley, both Anglo-Irish. Afte ...
. *''The Fair Moralist and her Pupil''; after
Richard Cosway Richard Cosway (5 November 1742 – 4 July 1821) was a leading English portrait painter of the Georgian and Regency era, noted for his miniatures. He was a contemporary of John Smart, George Engleheart, William Wood, and Richard Crosse. ...
. * ''The Hours''; after
Maria Cosway Maria Luisa Caterina Cecilia Cosway (ma-RYE-ah; née Hadfield; 11 June 1760 – 5 January 1838) was an Italian-English painter, musician, and educator. She worked in England, in France, and later in Italy, cultivating a large circle of friends a ...
, ('Vide Gray's Ode to Spring'). *''The Interview of Edgar and Elfrida after her Marriage with Athelwold''. *''King John ratifying Magna Charta''; after
John Hamilton Mortimer John Hamilton Mortimer (17 September 1740 – 4 February 1779) was a British figure and landscape painter and printmaker, known for romantic paintings set in Italy, works depicting conversations, and works drawn in the 1770s portraying war ...
. *''Mary, Queen of Scots, and her Son''; after
Federico Zuccaro Federico Zuccaro, also known as Federico Zuccari (c. 1540/1541August 6, 1609), was an Italian Mannerist painter and architect, active both in Italy and abroad. Biography Zuccaro was born at Sant'Angelo in Vado, near Urbino (Marche). His docum ...
. *''
Prometheus In Greek mythology, Prometheus (; , , possibly meaning "forethought")Smith"Prometheus". is a Titan god of fire. Prometheus is best known for defying the gods by stealing fire from them and giving it to humanity in the form of technology, know ...
’ liver devoured by Vulture''; after
Michelangelo Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known as Michelangelo (), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was insp ...
. *''Rachel Hiding the Idols of Laban'' and ''Laocoon attacked by Serpents''; after
Pietro da Cortona Pietro da Cortona (; 1 November 1596 or 159716 May 1669) was an Italian Baroque painter and architect. Along with his contemporaries and rivals Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini, he was one of the key figures in the emergence of Roman ...
. *''
Queen Charlotte Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Sophia Charlotte; 19 May 1744 – 17 November 1818) was Queen of Great Britain and of Ireland as the wife of King George III from their marriage on 8 September 1761 until the union of the two kingdoms ...
''; after
William Beechey Sir William Beechey (12 December 175328 January 1839) was an English portraitist during the golden age of British painting. Early life Beechey was born at Burford, Oxfordshire, on 12 December 1753, the son of William Beechey, a solicitor, an ...
. *''The Virgin and Infant''; after
Carlo Dolci Carlo (or Carlino) Dolci (25 May 1616 – 17 January 1686) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Florence, known for highly finished religious pictures, often repeated in many versions. Biography He was born in Florence, ...
.


Notes


References

* * * * * * * * * *


External links

* * *
Guide to the Francesco Bartolozzi Collection 1781-1799
at th
University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bartolozzi, Francesco 1727 births 1815 deaths Artists from Florence People from Fulham Italian engravers Italian etchers Royal Academicians Bartolozzi family 18th-century engravers 18th-century Italian artists 19th-century engravers 19th-century Italian artists 19th-century male artists Italian expatriates in England Italian expatriates in Portugal