''Flavobacterium'' is a genus of
Gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wa ...
,
nonmotile and motile,
rod-shaped bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometr ...
that consists of 130 recognized species.
Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments. Several species are known to cause disease in freshwater fish.
''
Flavobacterium psychrophilum'' causes the
bacterial cold water disease on
salmonids
Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish that constitutes the only currently extant family in the order Salmoniformes . It includes salmon (both Atlantic and Pacific species), trout (both ocean-going and landlocked), chars, freshwater whit ...
and the rainbow trout fry disease on
rainbow trout.
''
F. columnare'' causes the
cotton-wool disease on freshwater fishes.
''
F. branchiophilum'' causes the bacterial gill disease on
trout
Trout are species of freshwater fish belonging to the genera '' Oncorhynchus'', '' Salmo'' and '' Salvelinus'', all of the subfamily Salmoninae of the family Salmonidae. The word ''trout'' is also used as part of the name of some non-salm ...
. Another member of this genus, ''
F. okeanokoites'' is the original source for the type IIs
restriction endonuclease
A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or'' restrictase '' is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. Restriction enzymes are one class o ...
''Fok''I, used in
Zinc finger nucleases and
TALENs.
are a strain of ''Flavobacterium'' that is capable of digesting certain
by-products of
nylon 6
Nylon 6 or polycaprolactam is a polymer, in particular semicrystalline polyamide. Unlike most other nylons, nylon 6 is not a condensation polymer, but instead is formed by ring-opening polymerization; this makes it a special case in the compar ...
manufacture.
Species who are a part of the genus ''Flavobacterium'' are most likely found scattered along in nature. These microbes are mostly found in aquatic ecosystems and wet areas with freshwater or seawater. The ''Flavobacterium'' species are in most if not all cases found in some type of hypersaline water which is very halotolerant of the Antarctic species of
.gondwanense and
.salegens Which are the most important members of ''Flavobacteriaceae''.
Species
The genus ''Flavobacterium'' comprises the following species:
''
F. acidificum''
''
F. aciduliphilum''
'' F. acidurans''
'' F. agri''
'' F. agrisoli''
'' F. ahnfeltiae''
'' F. ajazii''
'' F. album''
'' F. algicola''
'' F. alkalisoli''
'' F. ammonificans''
'' F. ammoniigenes''
'' F. amnicola''
'' F.amnigenum''
'' F. anatoliense''
'' F. anhuiense''
'' F. antarcticum''
'' F. aquaticum''
'' F. akiainvivens''
'' F. aquariorum''
'' F. aquatile''
'' F. aquicola''
'' F. aquidurense''
''Flavobacterium aquimarinumF. aquimarinum
''Flavobacterium'' is a genus of Gram-negative, nonmotile and motile, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of 130 recognized species. Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments. Several species are known to cause ...
''
'' F. araucananum''
'' F. arcticum''
'' F. arsenatis''
'' F. arsenitoxidans''
'' F. aurantiibacter''
'' F. aureus''
'' F. banpakuense''
'' F. baculatum''
'' F. beibuense''
'' F. bernardetii''
'' F. bizetiae''
'' F. bomense''
'' F. bomensis''
'' F. branchiarum''
'' F. branchiicola''
'' F. branchiophilum''
'' F. breve''
'' F. brevivitae''
'' F. buctense''
'' F. caeni''
'' F. caseinilyticum''
'' F. cauense''
'' F. cellulosilyticum''
'' F. ceti''
'' F. cerinum''
'' F. cheniae''
'' F. cheongpyeongense''
'' F. cheonanense''
'' F. cheonhonense''
'' F. chilense''
'' F. chryseum''
'' F. chungangense''
'' F. chungbukense''
'' F. chungnamense''
'' Flavobacterium circumlabensF. circumlabens''
'' F. collinsense''
'' F. collinsii''
'' F. columnare''
'' F. compostarboris''
'' F. commune''
'' F. coralii''
'' F. covae''
'' F. crassostreae''
'' F. croceum''
'' F. crocinum''
'' F. cucumis''
'' F. cupreum''
'' F. cutihirudinis''
'' F. cyanobacteriorum''
'' F. daejeonense''
'' F. daemonensis''
'' F. dankookense''
'' F. dasani''
'' F. dauae''
'' F. davisii''
'' F. defluvii''
'' F. degerlache''
'' F. denitrificans''
'' F. devorans''
'' F. difficile''
'' F. dispersum''
'' F. dongtanense''
'' F. eburneum''
'' F. endophyticum''
'' F. endoglycinae''
'' F. enshiense''
'' F. faecale''
'' F. ferrugineum''
'' F. filum''
'' F. flaviflagrans''
'' F. flevense''
'' F. fluviale''
'' F. fluviatile''
'' F. fluvii''
'' F. fontis''
'' F. franklandianum''
'' F. frigidarium''
'' F. frigidimaris''
'' F frigoris''
'' F. fryxellicola''
'' F. fulvum''
'' F. gelidilacus''
'' F. gawalongense''
'' F. gillisiae''
'' F. ginsengisoli''
'' F. ginsenosidimutans''
'' F. glaciei''
'' F. glycines''
'' F. granuli''
'' F. halmophilum''
'' F. hankyongi''
'' F. haoranii''
'' F. hauense''
'' F. hercynium''
'' F. hibernum''
'' F. hiemivividum''
'' F. humi''
'' F. humicola''
'' F. hydatis''
'' F. hydrocarbonoxydans''
'' F. hydrophilum''
'' F. ichthyis''
'' F. indicum''
'' F. inkyongense''
'' F. inviolabile''
'' F. jejuense''
'' F. jocheonensis''
'' F. johnsoniae''
'' F. jumunjinense''
'' F. kingsejongi''
'' F. knui''
'' F. koreense''
'' F. kyungheense''
'' F. lacicola''
'' F. lacunae''
'' F. lacus''
'' F. laiguense''
'' F. limicola''
'' F. limnosediminis''
'' F. lindanitolerans''
'' F. longum''
'' F. lotistagni''
'' F. luticocti''
'' F. lutivivi''
'' F. macrobrachii''
'' F. magnum''
'' F. maotaiense''
'' F. marinum''
'' F. maris''
'' F.microcysteis''
'' F. micromati''
'' F. mizutaii''
'' F. muglaense''
'' F. myungsuense''
'' F. multivorum''
'' F. nackdongense''
'' F. naphthae''
'' F. nitratireducens''
'' F. nitrogenifigens''
'' F. niveum''
'' F. noncentrifugens''
'' F. notoginsengisoli''
'' F. oceanosedimentum''
'' F. omnivorum''
'' F. oncorhynchi''
'' F. okeanokoites''
'' F. orientale''
'' F. oreochromis''
'' F. oryzae''
'' F. panici''
'' F. palustre''
'' F. paronense''
'' F. parvum''
'' F. pectinovorum''
'' F. pedocola''
'' F. petrolei''
'' F. phocarum''
'' F. phragmitis''
'' F. phycosphaerae''
'' F. piscinae''
'' F. piscis''
'' F. plurextorum''
'' F. pokkalii''
'' F. ponti''
'' F. procerum''
'' F. profundi''
'' F. psychrolimnae''
'' F. psychrophilum''
'' F. psychroterrae''
'' F. psychrotolerans''
'' F. qiangtangense''
'' F. rakeshii''
'' F. ranwuense''
'' F. reichenbachii''
'' F. resistens''
'' F restrictum''
'' F. rhamnosiphilum''
'' Flavobacterium riviphilumF. riviphilum''
'' F. rivuli''
'' F. saccharophilum''
'' F. saliperosum''
'' F. salilacus''
'' F. salmonis''
'' F. sandaracinum''
'' F. sangjuense''
'' F. sasangense''
'' F. segetis''
'' F. sediminilitoris''
'' F. sediminis''
'' F. selenitireducens''
'' F. seoulense''
'' F. sharifuzzamanii''
'' F. silvaticum''
'' F. silvisoli''
'' F. sinopsychrotolerans''
'' F. soli''
'' F. solisilvae''
'' F. spartansii''
'' F. squillarum''
'' F. stagni''
'' F. suaedae''
'' F. subsaxonicum''
'' F. succinans''
'' F. suncheonense''
'' F. supellecticarium''
'' F. suzhouense''
'' F. swingsii''
'' F. tagetis''
'' F. tangerina''
'' F. tangerinum''
'' F. tegetincola''
'' F. terrae''
'' F. terrigena''
'' F. terriphilum''
'' F. thermophilum''
'' F. tiangeerense''
'' F. tibetense''
'' F. tilapiae''
'' F. tistrianum''
'' F. tructae''
'' F. tyrosinilyticum''
'' F. ummariense''
'' F. undicola''
'' F. ureilyticum''
'' F. urocaniciphilum''
'' F. urumqiense''
'' F. verecundum''
'' F. vireti''
'' F. viscosum''
'' F. weaverense''
'' F. xanthum''
'' F. xinjiangense''
'' F. xueshanense''
'' F. yanchengense''
'' F. yonginense''
'' F. zaozhuangense''
'' F. zepuense''
'' F. zettnowii''
'' F. zhairuonense''
'' F. zhairuonensis''[
]
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q140572
Bacterial diseases of fish
Gram-negative bacteria
Bacteria genera
Bacteria described in 1923