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The Fivel was a historical river in the province of
The Fivel was a historical river in the province of Groningen
Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of the northern part of t ...
in the Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
. It received its water from peat bog
A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss. It is one of the four main types of wetlands. Other names for bogs include mire, mosses, quagmire, and muskeg; a ...
s around Kolham
Kolham is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is part of the municipality of Midden-Groningen. In 1959, natural gas was discovered at Kolham. Later, it was revealed that Groningen gas field was the largest natural gas field in Europe ...
and Slochteren
Slochteren () is a village and former municipality with a population of 15,546 in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. On 1 January 2018, Slochteren merged with Hoogezand-Sappemeer and Menterwolde, forming the municipalit ...
, flowed past , and , and meander
A meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves in the channel of a river or other watercourse. It is produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank ( cut bank) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex bank ...
ed north of Winneweer
Winneweer is a small village in the municipalities of Eemsdelta and Groningen in the Dutch province of Groningen.
The village was first mentioned in 1668 as "Winne-weer, een Logijs-plaets", and refers to an inn which was located near Garrelsweer, ...
. The Fivel debouch
In hydrology, a debouch (or debouche) is a place where runoff from a small, confined space discharges into a larger, broader body of water. The word is derived from the French verb ''déboucher'' (), which means "to unblock, to clear". The term ...
ed into a wide estuary
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environment ...
of the Wadden Sea
The Wadden Sea ( nl, Waddenzee ; german: Wattenmeer; nds, Wattensee or ; da, Vadehavet; fy, Waadsee, longname=yes; frr, di Heef) is an intertidal zone in the southeastern part of the North Sea. It lies between the coast of northwestern conti ...
.Background
The banks of this former estuary are still recognizable by rows of villages onartificial dwelling hill
A ''terp'', also known as a ''wierde, woerd, warf, warft, werf, werve, wurt'' or ''værft'', is an artificial dwelling mound found on the North European Plain that has been created to provide safe ground during storm surges, high tides and ...
s (''wierden''):
*on the east side Garrelsweer
Garrelsweer is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is a part of the municipality of Eemsdelta.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1057 as Gerleuiswert, and means "settled height of Gerlef (person)". Garrelsweer developed on ...
, Loppersum
Loppersum () is a village and former municipality in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands.
Geography
Loppersum is located in the province of Groningen in the north of the Netherlands.
The former municipality was bord ...
, Eenum
''Eenam'' is a 1983 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Bharathan and produced by M. O. Joseph. The film stars Venu Nagavally, Shanthi Krishna, Adoor Bhasi and Bharath Gopi in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Ouseppachan and origina ...
, , and Godlinze
Godlinze (; Gronings: ''Glìns'') is a village in the Netherlands, Dutch province of Groningen (province), Groningen. It is a part of the municipality of Eemsdelta, and is located about 24 km northeast of Groningen (city), Groningen.
Histor ...
;
*on the west side Stedum
Stedum () is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Eemsdelta, about northeast of the city of Groningen.
Stedum was a separate municipality until 1990, when it merged with Loppersum.
The German munici ...
, Middelstum
Middelstum () is a village with a population of 2,419 in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Eemsdelta.
Middelstum was a separate municipality until 1990, when it was merged with Loppersum.
History ...
, Kantens
Kantens is a village in the Netherlands, Dutch province of Groningen (province), Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Het Hogeland, about 16 km north of the city of Groningen (city), Groningen. It had a population of around 965 incl ...
, Rottum, and Usquert
Usquert is a village in the Netherlands, Dutch province of Groningen (province), Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Het Hogeland. It had a population of around 1,415 in January 2017.
History
Usquert was a separate municipality until 1 ...
.
This was Fivelgo
Fivelingo or Fivelgo is a historical region and one of the Ommelanden ( shires) in the province of Groningen. It was located southeast of Hunsingo, northeast of Gorecht, and northwest of Oldambt, and southwest of the Wadden Sea. Fivelingo w ...
, one of the missionary districts assigned to Ludger
Ludger ( la, Ludgerus; also Lüdiger or Liudger) (born at Zuilen near Utrecht 742; died 26 March 809 at Billerbeck) was a missionary among the Frisians and Saxons, founder of Werden Abbey and the first Bishop of Münster in Westphalia. He has ...
after Charlemagne
Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first Holy ...
had acquired Frisia
Frisia is a cross-border cultural region in Northwestern Europe. Stretching along the Wadden Sea, it encompasses the north of the Netherlands and parts of northwestern Germany. The region is traditionally inhabited by the Frisians, a West Ger ...
east of the Lauwers
The Lauwers () is a river in the Netherlands. It forms part of the border between the provinces of Friesland and Groningen. From the 730s to Widukind's defeat in 785, it was part of the border of the Frankish Empire.
The former Lauwerszee and ...
in 785.
In or shortly before the 11th century the Delf was dug, as an east-west waterway for navigation, and also for the drainage of the hinterland when the estuary was silting up. At Winneweer (Muda), the Fivel now discharges into the section of the Delf that became known as the , running through Appingedam
Appingedam (; gos, n Daam) is a city and former municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. Although there is no certainty as to the exact age of Appingedam, historical research demonstrates that the place in which the city would eventually b ...
and debouching at Delfzijl
Delfzijl (; gos, Delfsiel) is a city and former municipality with a population of 25,651 in the province of Groningen (province), Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. Delfzijl was a sluice between the Delf (canal), Delf and the Ems (riv ...
. During the Middle Ages, the estuary was increasingly diked until totally reclaimed; the streambed of the Fivel is hardly visible any longer.
See also
*References
{{coord, 53.395594, 6.782517, display=title Rivers of Groningen (province) Rivers of the Netherlands