''Vigna'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

of plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, with a

pantropical A pantropical ("all tropics") distribution is one which covers tropical regions of both hemispheres. Examples of species include caecilians, modern sirenians and the plant genera ''Acacia'' and ''Bacopa''. ''Neotropical'' is a zoogeographic term ...

distribution.Aitawade, M. M., et al. (2012)
Section ''Ceratotropis'' of subgenus ''Ceratotropis'' of ''Vigna'' (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) in India with a new species from northern Western Ghats.
''Rheedea'' 22(1), 20-27. It includes some well-known cultivated species, including many types of beans. Some are former members of the genus '' Phaseolus''. According to ''Hortus Third'', ''Vigna'' differs from ''Phaseolus'' in

biochemistry Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology and ...

and pollen structure, and in details of the

style Style is a manner of doing or presenting things and may refer to: * Architectural style, the features that make a building or structure historically identifiable * Design, the process of creating something * Fashion, a prevailing mode of clothing ...

and

stipule In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth typically borne on both sides (sometimes on just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole). Stipules are considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many speci ...

s. ''Vigna'' is also commonly confused with the genus '' Dolichos'', but the two differ in stigma structure. ''Vigna'' are herbs or occasionally subshrubs. The leaves are

pinnate Pinnation (also called pennation) is the arrangement of feather-like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis. Pinnation occurs in biological morphology, in crystals, such as some forms of ice or metal crystals, and in ...

, divided into 3 leaflets. The

inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphology (biology), Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of sperma ...

is a raceme of yellow, blue, or purple pea flowers. The fruit is a legume pod of varying shape containing seeds.''Vigna''.
Flora of China. Familiar food species include the adzuki bean (''V. angularis''), the

black gram ''Vigna mungo'', also known as black gram, urad bean, urid bean, mash kalai, uzhunnu parippu, ulundu paruppu, minapa pappu, uddu, or black matpe, is a bean grown in South Asia. Like its relative, the mung bean, it has been reclassified from the ...

(''V. mungo''), the

cowpea The cowpea (''Vigna unguiculata'') is an annual herbaceous legume from the genus ''Vigna''. Its tolerance for sandy soil and low rainfall have made it an important crop in the semiarid regions across Africa and Asia. It requires very few inputs, ...

(''V. unguiculata'', including the variety known as the black-eyed pea), and the mung bean (''V. radiata''). Each of these may be used as a whole bean, a bean paste, or as

bean sprout Sprouting is the natural process by which seeds or spores germinate and put out shoots, and already established plants produce new leaves or buds, or other structures experience further growth. In the field of nutrition, the term signifies ...

s. The genus is named after Domenico Vigna, a seventeenth-century

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...

botanist and director of the

Orto botanico di Pisa The Orto botanico di Pisa, also known as the Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pisa, is a botanical garden operated by the University of Pisa, and located at via Luca Ghini 5, Pisa, Italy. The garden was established in 1544 under Cosimo I de' M ...

Uses

Root tubers of ''Vigna'' species have traditionally been used as food for Aborigines of the

Northern Territory The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory shares its borders with Western Aust ...

. NTFlora Northern Territory Flora online:
''Flora of the Darwin Region: Fabaceae.''
Retrieved 10 June 2018

Selected species

The genus ''Vigna'' contains at least 90 species, including:

Subgenus ''Ceratotropis''

*''

Vigna aconitifolia ''Vigna aconitifolia'' is a drought-resistant legume, commonly grown in arid and semi-arid regions of India. It is commonly called mat bean, moth bean, matki or dew bean. The pods, sprouts and protein-rich seeds of this crop are commonly consu ...

'' (Jacq.) Maréchal—moth bean, mat bean, Turkish gram *'' Vigna angularis'' (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi—adzuki bean, red bean **''Vigna angularis'' var. ''angularis'' (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi **''Vigna angularis'' var. ''nipponensis'' (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi *'' Vigna glabrescens'' Maréchal ''et al''. *'' Vigna grandiflora'' (Prain) Tateishi & Maxted *'' Vigna hirtella'' Ridley *'' Vigna minima'' (Roxb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi *''

Vigna mungo ''Vigna mungo'', also known as black gram, urad bean, urid bean, mash kalai, uzhunnu parippu, ulundu paruppu, minapa pappu, uddu, or black matpe, is a bean grown in South Asia. Like its relative, the mung bean, it has been reclassified from the ...

'' (L.) Hepper—black gram, black lentil, white lentil, urd-bean, urad bean **''Vigna mungo'' var. ''silvestris'' Lukoki, Maréchal & Otoul *'' Vigna nakashimae'' (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi *'' Vigna nepalensis'' Tateishi & Maxted *'' Vigna radiata'' (L.) Wilczek—mung bean, green gram, golden gram, mash bean, green soy, celera-bean, Jerusalem-pea **''Vigna radiata'' var. ''radiata'' (L.) Wilczek **''Vigna radiata'' var. ''sublobata'' (Roxb.) Verdc. *'' Vigna reflexopilosa'' Hayata—Creole-bean **''Vigna reflexopilosa'' var. ''reflexopilosa'' Hayata **''Vigna reflexopilosa'' var. ''glabra'' Tomooka & Maxted *'' Vigna riukiuensis'' (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi *'' Vigna stipulacea'' Kuntze *'' Vigna subramaniana'' (Babu ex Raizada) M. Sharma *''

Vigna tenuicaulis ''Vigna'' is a genus of plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution.Aitawade, M. M., et al. (2012)Section ''Ceratotropis'' of subgenus ''Ceratotropis'' of ''Vigna'' (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) in India with a new ...

'' N. Tomooka & Maxted *'' Vigna trilobata'' (L.) Verdc.—jungle mat bean, jungli-bean, African gram, three-lobe-leaved cowpea *'' Vigna trinervia'' (Heyne ex Wall.) Tateishi & Maxted *''

Vigna umbellata ''Vigna umbellata'', previously ''Phaseolus calcaratus'', is a warm-season annual vine legume with yellow flowers and small edible beans. It is commonly called ricebean or rice bean. To date, it is little known, little researched and little ex ...

'' (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi—ricebean, red bean, climbing mountain-bean, mambi bean, Oriental-bean

Subgenus ''Haydonia''

*'' Vigna monophylla'' Taub. *'' Vigna nigritia'' Hook. f. *''

Vigna schimperi ''Vigna'' is a genus of plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution.Aitawade, M. M., et al. (2012)Section ''Ceratotropis'' of subgenus ''Ceratotropis'' of ''Vigna'' (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) in India with a new ...

'' Baker *'' Vigna triphylla'' (R. Wilczek) Verdc.

Subgenus ''Lasiospron''

*'' Vigna diffusa'' (Scott-Elliot) A. Delgado & Verdc. *'' Vigna juruana'' (Harms) Verdc. *'' Vigna lasiocarpa'' (Mart. ex Benth.) Verdc. *'' Vigna longifolia'' (Benth.) Verdc. *'' Vigna schottii'' (Bentham) A. Delgado & Verdc. *'' Vigna trichocarpa'' (C. Wright ex Sauvalle) A. Delgado *'' Vigna vexillata'' (L.) A. Rich.—zombi pea, wild cowpea **'' Vigna vexillata var. angustifolia'' **''Vigna vexillata'' var. ''youngiana''

Subgenus ''Vigna''

*'' Vigna ambacensis'' Welw. ex Bak. *'' Vigna angivensis'' Baker *'' Vigna filicaulis'' Hepper *'' Vigna friesiorum'' Harms *'' Vigna gazensis'' Baker f. *'' Vigna hosei'' (Craib) Backer—Sarowak/sarawak bean *'' Vigna luteola'' (Jacq.) Benth.—Dalrymple vigna *'' Vigna membranacea'' A. Rich. **''Vigna membranacea'' subsp. ''caesia'' (Chiov.) Verdc. **''Vigna membranacea'' subsp. ''membranacea'' A. Rich. *'' Vigna monantha'' Thulin *'' Vigna racemosa'' (G. Don) Hutch. & Dalziel *''

Vigna subterranea ''Vigna subterranea'' (common names: Bambara groundnut, Bambara nut, Bambara bean, Congo goober, earth pea, ground-bean, or hog-peanut) is a member of the family Fabaceae. Its name is derived from the Bambara tribe, who currently lives in Mali. T ...

'' (L.) Verdc.—Bambara groundnut, Congo goober, hog-peanut, jugo bean, ''njugumawe'' ( Swahili) (sometimes separated in ''Voandzeia'') *''

Vigna unguiculata The cowpea (''Vigna unguiculata'') is an annual herbaceous legume from the genus ''Vigna''. Its tolerance for sandy soil and low rainfall have made it an important crop in the semiarid regions across Africa and Asia. It requires very few inputs ...

'' (L.) Walp.—cowpea, crowder pea, Southern pea, Reeve's-pea, snake-bean **''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''cylindrica''—

catjang Catjang (''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''cylindrica'') is a subspecies of cowpea. The catjang plant is native to Africa, and is an erect densely branched shrubby perennial of Old World tropics. It now grows in other warm regions, as well. In the ...

**''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''dekindtiana''—wild cowpea, African cowpea, Ethiopian cowpea **''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis''— yardlong bean, long-podded cowpea, asparagus bean, Chinese long bean, pea-bean **''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''unguiculata''—

black-eyed pea The black-eyed pea or black-eyed bean is a legume grown around the world for its medium-sized, edible bean. It is a subspecies of the cowpea, an Old World plant domesticated in Africa, and is sometimes simply called a cowpea. The common commer ...

, black-eyed bean

Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

*''

Vigna comosa ''Vigna'' is a genus of plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution.Aitawade, M. M., et al. (2012)Section ''Ceratotropis'' of subgenus ''Ceratotropis'' of ''Vigna'' (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) in India with a new ...

'' *'' Vigna dalzelliana'' *'' Vigna debilis'' Fourc. *'' Vigna decipiens'' *'' Vigna dinteri'' Harms *'' Vigna dolichoides'' Baker in Hooker f. *''

Vigna frutescens ''Vigna'' is a genus of plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution.Aitawade, M. M., et al. (2012)Section ''Ceratotropis'' of subgenus ''Ceratotropis'' of ''Vigna'' (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) in India with a new ...

'' *'' Vigna gracilis'' *'' Vigna kirkii'' *'' Vigna lanceolata''—pencil yam, Maloga-bean, parsnip-bean, ''merne arlatyeye'' (

Arrernte Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia. It may refer to: * Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?) * Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...

) *'' Vigna lobata'' (Willd.) Endl. *'' Vigna lobatifolia'' *'' Vigna marina'' (Burm.f.) Merr.—dune-bean, notched cowpea, sea-bean, ''mohihihi'', ''nanea'' ( Hawaiian) *'' Vigna multiflora'' *'' Vigna nervosa'' *'' Vigna oblongifolia'' *'' Vigna owahuensis'' Vogel—Oahu cowpea *'' Vigna parkeri''—creeping vigna *'' Vigna pilosa''

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q132634 Fabaceae genera Pantropical flora