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Udupi (alternate spelling Udipi; also known as Odipu) is a
city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
in the Indian state of Karnataka. Udupi is situated about north of the educational, commercial and industrial hub of Mangalore and about west of state capital Bangalore by road. It is the administrative headquarters of Udupi district, and one of the fastest-growing cities in Karnataka. Udupi is one of the top tourist attractions in Karnataka and has various educational institutions. It is notable for the Krishna Temple and is also known as the temple city. It also lends its name to the popular Udupi cuisine, is also known as Parashurama Kshetra , and is famous for Kanakana kindi. A centre of pilgrimage, Udupi is known as Rajata Peetha and Shivalli (Shivabelle).


Etymology

The name ''Udupi'' is the stylized form of the city.


History

In the 13th century, Vaishnavite saint Madhvacharya founded the Sri Krishna Temple. He set up eight '' mathas'' - Ashta Mathas- In Kannada - ಅಷ್ಟ ಮಠಗಳು in Udupi to propagate the Dvaita Vedanta philosophy, and this caused a vibrant temple culture to take root in present-day Udupi district. Significant migration of Brahmins to the region took place subsequently, and they came to comprise 10 per cent of the region's population, three times higher than elsewhere in South India.Chinmay Tumbe, ''India Moving: A History of Migration'' (2019), p.42


Demographics

Udupi city is part of the eponymous district in Karnataka, India. As per the census in 2011, Udupi city has 33,987 households and a total population of 144,960, of which 71,614 are males and 73,346 are females. The population of scheduled castes is 8,385 while that of scheduled tribes is 6,774. The city population is growing at a rate of 14.03%. The most spoken language in Udupi town is
Tulu Tulu may refer to: People *Derartu Tulu (born 1972), Ethiopian long-distance runner *Walid Yacoubou (born 1997), Togolese footballer nicknamed "Tulu" India *Tulu calendar, traditional solar calendar generally used in the regions of southwest Kar ...
. Kannada and Konkani are also spoken in Udupi town. Dakhini Urdu and Beary are spoken by Muslims in the region.


Government and politics

Udupi city falls under the Udupi Chikmagalur Lok Sabha
constituency An electoral district, also known as an election district, legislative district, voting district, constituency, riding, ward, division, or (election) precinct is a subdivision of a larger State (polity), state (a country, administrative region, ...
and the Udupi Chikmagalur State assembly constituency and is represented by the Member of Parliament Shobha Karandlaje and Member of Legislative Assembly, K Raghupathi Bhat.


Civic Administration

Udupi, which previously had a Town Municipal Council now has a City Municipal Council which came into existence in 1995. Areas around Udupi, such as Manipal, Parkala, Malpe, Udyavara and Santhekatte were merged to form the City Municipal Council. The city of Udupi is governed by the City Municipal Council and has 35 wards spread across an area of . It is headed by Anand C Kallolikar, the Municipal Commissioner. The city council has departments for health, urban planning, technical division, revenue, finance, birth and death, and Day-NULM.


Civic Utility

Th
masterplan
of the city is prepared by the Udupi Urban Development Authority (UUDA) and the Directorate of Town and Country Planning. The city receives its primary source of drinking water from water stored at Baje vented dam. The municipality also seeks to augment its water storage by pumping water accumulated in the Swarna River at Sanebettu. The city is divided into three zones with different timings for efficient water supply. It also received a loan of $75 million from the Asian Development Bank to have all round the clock water supply in 2018. The city has both open and closed drains. The underground sewage network exists in only 20% of the city's area as of 2017, but has been proposed to increase from the present 82 kilometres to 143 kilometres. The municipality area generated 46 million litres (MLD) of sewage which is treated at a sewage treatment plant in Nittur.


Geography and climate

Udupi has an elevation of above mean sea level. The climate in Udupi is hot in summers and pleasant in winter. During summers (from March to May) the temperature reaches up to and in winters (from December to February) it is usually between . As it is a coastal area, there are a few beaches which are tourist attractions. Kaup beach, Malpe beach are two of the beaches in Udupi. The monsoon period is from June to September, with rainfall averaging more than every year and heavy winds.


Culture

Bhuta Kola,
Aati kalenja Aati Kalenja is an ancient traditional folk art form practiced by Tulu people from the region of Tulu Nadu, India which is believed to bring prosperity during Aati which is one of the months in Tulu calendar. It normally comes in the months of Ju ...
, Karangolu, and Nagaradhane are some cultural traditions of Udupi. The residents celebrate festivals such as Makara Sankranti, Nagara Panchami,
Krishna Janmashtami Krishna Janmashtami , also known simply as Krishnashtami, Janmashtami, or Gokulashtami, is an annual Hindu festival that celebrates the birth of Krishna, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. According to the Hindu lunisolar calendar, it is observed ...
,
Ganesh Chaturthi Ganesh Chaturthi (ISO: ), also known as Vinayak Chaturthi (), or Ganeshotsav () is a Hindu festival commemorating the birth of the Hindu god Ganesha. The festival is marked with the installation of Ganesha's clay idols privately in homes and p ...
, Navaratri, Deepavali. Folk arts like Yakshagana are also popular. Rathabeedhi Geleyaru and Kalavrinda are local non-profit organisations, founded to encourage creative pursuits, especially those that keep alive the traditions of the region. Its primary focus has been historical dramas. During Krishna Janmashtami,
Pili Yesa Pili Vesha in ('' Tulu'': ಪಿಲಿ ಏಸ) "Tiger Masque" is a folk dance unique in coastal Karnataka. Pilivēṣa is performed during Navratri to honour the Goddess Durga whose favoured animal is the tiger. Which is called mārnemi. Mangal ...
, a traditional folk dance originated in Udupi is demonstrated on the streets. "Pili Yesa" translates to Tiger.


Cuisine

The term ''Udupi'' (also ''Udipi'') is synonymous with vegetarian food now found all over the world. The origin of this cuisine is linked to Krishna Matha (Mutt). Lord Krishna is offered food of different varieties every day, and there are certain restrictions on ingredients during Chaturmasa (a four-month period during the monsoon season). These restrictions coupled with the requirement of variety led to innovation, especially in dishes incorporating seasonal and locally available materials. This cuisine was developed by Shivalli Madhwa Brahmins who cooked food for Lord Krishna, and at Krishna Matha in Udupi, the food is provided free of cost. Restaurants specialised in Udupi cuisine can be seen widely in most metropolitan and large cities around the length and breadth of India. Although popular for its vegetarian cuisine, Udupi has its fair share of non-vegetarian dishes that are similar to Mangalorean cuisine. Some of these include Kori Roti, Neer Dosa, Kori Pulimunchi, Chicken Sukka, Fish Curry, Fish Fry and more.


Economy

Udupi is becoming a major town in Karnataka. Udupi is the birthplace of the Syndicate Bank,
Corporation Bank Corporation Bank was a public-sector banking company headquartered in Mangalore, India. The bank had a pan-Indian presence. Presently, the bank has a network of 2,432 fully automated CBS branches, 3,040 ATMs, and 4,724 branchless banking units ...
and Harsha Retail, the leading retailer of coastal Karnataka. Udupi's economy also consists of agriculture and fishing. Small-scale industries like the
cashew The cashew tree (''Anacardium occidentale'') is a tropical evergreen tree native to South America in the genus ''Anacardium'' that produces the cashew seed and the cashew apple accessory fruit. The tree can grow as tall as , but the dwarf cult ...
industry, and other food industries and milk cooperatives are the most prominent. Recently, Udupi is also making its mark in the real estate industry, greatly influenced by its neighboring spearhead Mangalore. The Karnataka government had signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Cogentrix Light and Power Industry to set up a thermal power plant in the district at
Nandikur Nandicoor (variously Nandikur or Nandikoor) is a village in Udupi district of Karnataka state in India. The Nandicoor village lies amidst paddy fields, coconut gardens and evergreen forests. Rare flora and fauna are found in these forests. This ...
. However, because of stiff opposition from citizens and environmentalist groups, the project has been temporarily suspended. An attempt by the Nagarjuna Power Corporation to set up a similar plant at nearby
Padubidri Padubidri or Padubidre or Padubedre in Tulu language is a small town in coastal district of Udupi in Karnataka state, India. Padubidri is on the way from Udupi to Mangalore route. National Highway 17 (now NH 66) passes through Padubidri. Padubi ...
also met strong opposition. Now, the power plant has been set up, generating 1,200 MW of power under the name of Udupi Power Corporation Limited (UPCL), a subsidiary of Lanco Infra, an Andhra Pradesh-based infrastructure major.
Adani Power Adani Power is an Indian power and energy company. A subsidiary of Indian conglomerate Adani Group with head office at Khodiyar in Ahmedabad, it is a private thermal power producer, with a capacity of 12,450 MW that operates a mega solar plant o ...
has taken over from Lanco Infra in 2014 for a sum of Rs 6,000 crores. The opposition, however, continues. Manipal, a suburb of Udupi, is home to the headquarters of Syndicate Bank. It is renowned as an education and medical hub. Kasturba Medical College and MIT (Manipal Institute of Technology) are situated here. TEBMA Shipyards Ltd is located in Malpe harbour complex. It is involved in building multipurpose platform supply vessels (MPSVs), platform supply vessel, geotechnical research vessel, dredgers and tugs for Indian as well as export markets. Udupi has a local
handloom A loom is a device used to weave cloth and tapestry. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but th ...
sari industry. Made of pure cotton and lightweight, the sari has art silk design on its border and pallu besides butta of art silk dotting it. Hard work, low returns, and competition from
power loom A power loom is a mechanized loom, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. The first power loom was designed in 1786 by Edmund Cartwright and first built that same year. ...
has led to a drop in the number of weavers of nearly 95% over three decades. A geographical indication tag for Udupi sarees is under examination with the Geographical Indications Registry of India.


Transport

National Highways NH 66 and NH 169A pass through Udupi. Other significant roads include the State Highways to Karkala,
Dharmastala Dharmasthala (earlier known as Kuduma) is an Indian temple town on the banks of the Nethravathi River in the Belthangady taluk of the Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka, India. The town is known for its centuries old Dharmasthala Tem ...
and
Sringeri Sringeri (IAST: Śṛngēri) also called Shringeri is a hill town and Taluk headquarters located in Chikkamagaluru district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the site of the first maṭha ( Dakshinamnaya Sringeri Sharada Peetham) establi ...
. NH 66 provides a link to Mangalore and Karwar via
Kundapur Kundapur, also called Kundapura, is a coastal town situated in the Udupi district of the state of Karnataka, India. This town was known as Coondapoor while it was part of the erstwhile South Canara district (1862–1947) of the Madras Pre ...
and NH 169A to Hebri, Agumbe, Thirthahalli and Shivamogga. Private as well as government buses connect Udupi to all parts of Karnataka. Udupi has a railway station on the Konkan Railway. The nearest International Airport to Udupi is Mangalore International Airport, which is approx. 58.5 km away. City and suburban transport is available for travel within Udupi and its suburbs. The buses originate from the suburban bus stand (City Bus Stand). There are private bus operators as well as KSRTC city service buses. The nearest harbor/ port to Udupi is Malpe, which is 5 km away, and
Gangolli Gangolli (also Ganguli) is a village in Kundapur Taluk of Udupi district in Karnataka state. It is situated at the estuary of the Panchagangavalli River. It is located on a peninsula on the west coast of Karnataka. It is bordered by the river ...
(
Byndoor Byndoor is an Coastal Town and the Headquarters of Byndoor Taluk in the Udupi District of Karnataka state, India. It is situated at a distance of about from the state capital Bengaluru and at about from the Udupi district headquarters, are ...
), which is 36 km away. The
New Mangalore Port New Mangalore Port is a small water af, all-weather port at Panambur, Mangalore in Karnataka state in India, which is the deepest inner harbour on the west coast. It is the only major port of Karnataka and the seventh largest port in India. I ...
is 50 km away from Udupi.
Udupi railway station Udupi railway station is a railway station in Udupi district, Karnataka. Its code is UD. It serves the pilgrims visiting famous Krishna Matha (Krishna Temple) at Udupi and the university town of Manipal, which is south from the station and Udupi. ...
is managed by Konkan Railways. It is in Indrali about 4 km from Udupi city bus stand and is on the Kanyakumari- Mumbai rail route. Direct trains are available to
Bengaluru Bangalore (), officially Bengaluru (), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It has a population of more than and a metropolitan population of around , making it the third most populous city and fifth most ...
, Mumbai, New Delhi,
Amritsar Amritsar (), historically also known as Rāmdāspur and colloquially as ''Ambarsar'', is the second largest city in the Indian state of Punjab, after Ludhiana. It is a major cultural, transportation and economic centre, located in the Majha r ...
, Chandigarh, Pune, Ajmer, Jaipur,
Rajkot Rajkot () is the fourth-largest city in the Indian state of Gujarat after Ahmedabad, Vadodara, and Surat, and is in the centre of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Rajkot is the 35th-largest metropolitan area in India, with a population of ...
,
Ahmedabad Ahmedabad ( ; Gujarati: Amdavad ) is the most populous city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court. Ahmedabad's population of 5,570,585 (per t ...
and Okha. Cities like Mysore,
Belgaum Belgaum (ISO 15919, ISO: ''Bēḷagāma''; also Belgaon and officially known as Belagavi) is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka located in its northern part along the Western Ghats. It is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous ...
, Jodhpur, Agra, Thiruvananthapuram,
Ernakulam Ernakulam () is the Central Business District of the city of Kochi in Kerala, India and has lent its name to the Ernakulam district. Many major establishments, including the Kerala High Court, the office of the Kochi Municipal Corporation a ...
,
Kollam Kollam (), also known by its former name Quilon , is an ancient seaport and city on the Malabar Coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea, which is a part of the Arabian Sea. It is north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. The city i ...
(Quilon), etc., are also connected to Udupi.


See also

*
Greater Udupi Greater Udupi is the fast growing city in Karnataka State.Greater Udupi is the proposed extension of Municipal Limits of Udupi City Municipal Council. Greater Udupi which will be formed by merging adjacent villages surrounding Udupi city is propo ...
* Udupi cuisine * Udupi Krishna Temple *
Roman Catholic Diocese of Udupi The Roman Catholic Diocese of Udupi ( la, Dioecesis Udupiensis) is a diocese located in the Kallianpur town of Udupi District of Karnataka, India. It was announced by Pope Benedict XVI on 16 July 2012. It comprises the six civil talukas Udupi ...
* Mangalore * Manipal * Udupi district


References


Bibliography

* * * * * *''Karnataka State Gazetteer 1983. Government of Karnataka. 1983 * * *
Sri Udupi Kshetrada Naija Chitra Mattu Chaaritrika Hinnele [The Authentic Picture of Udupi Piligrim Center and its Historical Background
/nowiki>]


Further reading

*


External links


Udupi City Municipality Official WebsiteUdupi Urban Development Authority Official WebsiteSri Udupi Kshetrada Naija Chitra Mattu Chaaritrika Hinnele [The Authentic Picture of Udupi Piligrim Center and its Historical Background
/nowiki>] {{Udupi District Udupi, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001 All articles containing potentially dated statements Cities and towns in Udupi district Populated coastal places in India Port cities in India Cities in Karnataka