Starodub polk.svg on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
Starodub ( rus, links=no, Староду́б, p=stərɐˈdup, ''old oak'') is a
Starodub has been known since the 11th century, when it was a part of the 
It became a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 14th century (soon part of the Polish–Lithuanian union), and Grand Duke Algirdas rebuilt it as a defensive stronghold against Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovites and Tatars. In 1408, it was granted to Duke Švitrigaila. In 1503, it passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1535, it was besieged and captured by Polish-Lithuanian forces and the defenders were executed however, it soon fell back to Muscovy. In 1616, it was recaptured by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, within which it became a county seat in the Smolensk Voivodeship. During the Smolensk War, in 1632, it was captured by Tsardom of Russia, Russia, however, it was restored to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1634. In 1648, during the Khmelnytskyi Uprising, Zaporozhian Cossacks seized the town, and 188 families of local Ruthenian nobility recognized the Cossack hetman as a new governor, within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1654, it passed to Russia, confirmed in 1686. In 1660, the town was ravaged by Tatars, and in 1663 it was attacked by the Poles. Starodub became the center of Starodub Cossack Regiment and enjoyed a large measure of autonomy between 1666 and 1686. In 1677 the town suffered a fire.
Starodub remained rudiments of Cossack Hetmanate's administrative division until 1782 when it became an uyezd town. In 1796, Starodub was incorporated into Chernigov Governorate. In 1867, Starodub had a population of 12,042. In 1870, there were ten factories, including nine Tanning (leather), tanneries. Four annual fairs were held. In 1918, the town was occupied by the Germans. The Soviet Russia, Soviet authority was instated in November 1918.
During the Soviet period, Starodub was a part of Gomel Governorate (1919–1926), Bryansk Governorate (1926–1929), Western Oblast (1929–1937), and Oryol Oblast (1937–1944). The town was once again occupied by the Nazi Germany, Germans between August 18, 1941 and September 22, 1943. The Germans operated a Nazi prison and a Forced labour under German rule during World War II, forced labour battalion for Jews in the town. Starodub finally became a part of Bryansk Oblast in 1944.
Official website of Starodub
The murder of the Jews of Starodub
during World War II, at Yad Vashem website. {{Use mdy dates, date=July 2011 Cities and towns in Bryansk Oblast Starodubsky Uyezd Smolensk Voivodeship Cossack Hetmanate Holocaust locations in Russia
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
in Bryansk Oblast
Bryansk Oblast (russian: Бря́нская о́бласть, ''Bryanskaya oblast''), also known as Bryanshchina (russian: Брянщина, ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Bryansk. As of th ...
, Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
, on the Babinets River (the Dnieper
}
The Dnieper () or Dnipro (); , ; . is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and ...
basin), southwest of Bryansk
Bryansk ( rus, Брянск, p=brʲansk) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, situated on the Desna (river), River Desna, southwest of Moscow. Population:
Geography Urban la ...
. Population: 16,000 (1975).
History
Starodub has been known since the 11th century, when it was a part of the Principality of Chernigov
The Principality of Chernigov ( orv, Чєрниговскоє кънѧжьство; uk, Чернігівське князівство; russian: Черниговское княжество) was one of the largest and most powerful states within ...
. It was plundered by the Cumans
The Cumans (or Kumans), also known as Polovtsians or Polovtsy (plural only, from the Russian exonym ), were a Turkic nomadic people comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confederation. After the Mongol invasion (1237), many so ...
in 1080. It was burned to the ground by the Mongols
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal membe ...
in the 13th century.
It became a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 14th century (soon part of the Polish–Lithuanian union), and Grand Duke Algirdas rebuilt it as a defensive stronghold against Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovites and Tatars. In 1408, it was granted to Duke Švitrigaila. In 1503, it passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1535, it was besieged and captured by Polish-Lithuanian forces and the defenders were executed however, it soon fell back to Muscovy. In 1616, it was recaptured by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, within which it became a county seat in the Smolensk Voivodeship. During the Smolensk War, in 1632, it was captured by Tsardom of Russia, Russia, however, it was restored to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1634. In 1648, during the Khmelnytskyi Uprising, Zaporozhian Cossacks seized the town, and 188 families of local Ruthenian nobility recognized the Cossack hetman as a new governor, within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1654, it passed to Russia, confirmed in 1686. In 1660, the town was ravaged by Tatars, and in 1663 it was attacked by the Poles. Starodub became the center of Starodub Cossack Regiment and enjoyed a large measure of autonomy between 1666 and 1686. In 1677 the town suffered a fire.
Starodub remained rudiments of Cossack Hetmanate's administrative division until 1782 when it became an uyezd town. In 1796, Starodub was incorporated into Chernigov Governorate. In 1867, Starodub had a population of 12,042. In 1870, there were ten factories, including nine Tanning (leather), tanneries. Four annual fairs were held. In 1918, the town was occupied by the Germans. The Soviet Russia, Soviet authority was instated in November 1918.
During the Soviet period, Starodub was a part of Gomel Governorate (1919–1926), Bryansk Governorate (1926–1929), Western Oblast (1929–1937), and Oryol Oblast (1937–1944). The town was once again occupied by the Nazi Germany, Germans between August 18, 1941 and September 22, 1943. The Germans operated a Nazi prison and a Forced labour under German rule during World War II, forced labour battalion for Jews in the town. Starodub finally became a part of Bryansk Oblast in 1944.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions, framework of administrative divisions, Starodub serves as the administrative center of Starodubsky District,Law #13-Z even though it is not a part of it.Law #69-Z As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Starodubsky City of federal subject significance, Urban Administrative Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the administrative divisions of Bryansk Oblast, districts. As a subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions, municipal division, Starodubsky Urban Administrative Okrug is incorporated as Starodub Urban Okrug. Prior to January 1, 2013, Starodub was administratively incorporated as a town of district significance within Starodubsky District.Architecture
As a significant center of the Cossack Hetmanate, Starodub is the only place in Russia where authentic examples of Ukrainian Baroque may be seen. The Nativity Cathedral, built in 1617 and overhauled after a conflagration in 1677, is a typical example of Cossack Baroque. The Epiphany Church goes back to 1789, while the Church of St. Nicholas was erected in the Neoclassical style in 1802.Notable people from Starodub
* Alexandra Ramm-Pfemfert * Uri Nissan Gnessin * Menahem Gnessin * Hetman of Ukraine, Hetman of Ukraine Pavlo Skoropadskyi went to school in Starodub. * Hetman of Zaporizhian Host, Zaporizhian Hetman Ivan Skoropadskyi was at one point stationed in the town, when he was colonel of the Starodub Cossack regiment.References
Notes
Sources
* * *External links
Official website of Starodub
The murder of the Jews of Starodub
during World War II, at Yad Vashem website. {{Use mdy dates, date=July 2011 Cities and towns in Bryansk Oblast Starodubsky Uyezd Smolensk Voivodeship Cossack Hetmanate Holocaust locations in Russia