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Rostov-on-Don ( rus, Ростов-на-Дону, r=Rostov-na-Donu, p=rɐˈstof nə dɐˈnu) is a port city and the
administrative centre An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of
Rostov Oblast Rostov Oblast ( rus, Росто́вская о́бласть, r=Rostovskaya oblast, p=rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of and a populati ...
and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, from the
Sea of Azov The Sea of Azov ( Crimean Tatar: ''Azaq deñizi''; russian: Азовское море, Azovskoye more; uk, Азовське море, Azovs'ke more) is a sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch, ...
, directly north of the North Caucasus. The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don river delta. Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people, and is an important cultural centre of Southern Russia.


History


Early history

From ancient times, the area around the mouth of the Don River has held cultural and commercial importance. Ancient indigenous inhabitants included the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes. It was the site of Tanais, an ancient Greek colony, Fort Tana under the Genoese, and Fort Azak in the time of the Ottoman Empire. In 1749, a custom house was established on the
Temernik River The Temernik (russian: Темерник, also Temernichka russian: Темерничка) is a small river in Rostov Oblast of Russia. It is a right tributary of the Don, and is 33 km long, with a drainage basin A drainage basin is an ar ...
, a tributary of the Don, by edict of the Empress Elizabeth, the daughter of
Peter the Great Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...
, in order to control trade with Turkey. It was co-located with a
fortress A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...
named for
Dimitry of Rostov Demetrius of Rostov (russian: Димитрий Ростовский, translit=Dmitri Rostovsky, ua, Димитрій Ростовський, translit=Dymytrii Rostovskyi, secular name Daniil Savvich Tuptalo, russian: Даниил Саввич Т ...
, a metropolitan bishop of the old northern town of
Rostov the Great Rostov ( rus, Росто́в, p=rɐˈstof) is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero, northeast of Moscow. Population: While t ...
. Azov, a town closer to the Sea of Azov on the Don, gradually lost its commercial importance in the region to the new fortress. In 1756, the "Russian commercial and trading company of Constantinople" was founded at the "merchants' settlement" (Kupecheskaya Sloboda) on the high bank of the Don. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, with the incorporation of previously Ottoman Black Sea territories into the Russian Empire, the settlement lost much of its militarily strategic importance as a frontier post. In 1796, the settlement was chartered and in 1797, it became the seat of
Rostovsky Uyezd Rostovsky (masculine), Rostovskaya (feminine), or Rostovskoye (neuter) may refer to: *Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky (1824–1896), Russian statesman *Rostovsky District, a district of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia *Rostovsky (inhabited locality) Rostovsky ...
within
Novorossiysk Governorate Novorossiya Governorate (russian: Новороссийская губерния, Novorossiyskaya guberniya, New Russia Governorate; uk, Новоросійська губернія), was a guberniya, governorate of the Russian Empire in the p ...
. In 1806, it was officially renamed Rostov-on-Don. During the 19th century, due to its river connections with Russia's interior, Rostov developed into a major trade centre and communications hub. A railway connection with Kharkiv was completed in 1870, with further links following in 1871 to Voronezh and in 1875 to Vladikavkaz. Concurrent with improvements in communications, heavy industry developed. Coal from the Donets Basin and
iron ore Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the fo ...
from
Krivoy Rog Kryvyi Rih ( uk, Криви́й Ріг , lit. "Curved Bend" or "Crooked Horn"), also known as Krivoy Rog (Russian: Кривой Рог) is the largest city in central Ukraine, the 7th most populous city in Ukraine and the 2nd largest by area. Kr ...
supported the establishment of an iron foundry in 1846. In 1859, the production of pumps and steam boilers began. Industrial growth was accompanied by a rapid increase in population, with 119,500 residents registered in Rostov by the end of the nineteenth century along with approximately 140 industrial businesses. The harbour was one of the largest trade hubs in southern Russia, especially for the export of wheat, timber, and
iron ore Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the fo ...
. In 1779, Rostov-on-Don became associated with a settlement of Armenian refugees from Crimea at Nakhichevan-on-Don. The two settlements were separated by a field of wheat. In 1928, the two towns were merged. The former town border lies beneath the Teatralnaya Square of central Rostov-on-Don. By 1928, following the incorporation of the hitherto neighbouring city of Nakhichevan-on-Don, Rostov had become the third largest city in Russia. In the early 20th century, epidemics of
cholera Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Vomiting and ...
during the summer months were not uncommon.


20th century

During World War I Rostov-on-Don was briefly occupied by the Germans and Austrians, during 1918. During the Russian Civil War, the Whites and the Reds contested Rostov-on-Don, then the most heavily industrialized city of South Russia. By 1928, the regional government had moved from the old
Cossack The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...
capital of Novocherkassk to Rostov-on-Don. In the Soviet years, the Bolsheviks demolished two of Rostov-on-Don's principal landmarks: St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1908) and St. George Cathedral (1783–1807). During World War II, German forces occupied Rostov-on-Don, at first from 19/20 November 1941 to 2 December 1941, after attacks by the German First Panzer Army in the Battle of Rostov and then for seven months from 24 July 1942 to 14 February 1943. The town was of strategic importance as a railway junction and a river port accessing the Caucasus, a region rich in oil and minerals. It took ten years to restore the city from the damage during World War II. In 1942 up to 30,000 Russian Jews were massacred by the German military in Rostov-on-Don at a site called
Zmievskaya Balka Zmievskaya Balka ( rus, Змиёвская балка, p=zmʲɪˈjɵfskəjə ˈbaɫkə), Zmiyovskaya Balka is a site in Rostov-on-Don, Russia at which 27,000 Jews and Soviet civilians were massacred in 1942 to 1943 by the SS Einsatzgruppe D du ...
.


Modern period

In 2018, Rostov-on-Don hosted several matches of the FIFA World Cup.


Government

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Rostov-na-Donu Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
.Law #340-ZS As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.Law #238-ZS


City districts

Rostov-on-Don is divided into eight city districts:


Demographics

The 2010 census recorded the population of Rostov-on-Don at 1,089,261 making it the tenth most populous city in Russia. At the time of the official 2010 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city's population whose ethnicity was known (1,066,523) was:


Geography


Climate

Albert Parry Albert William Parry (15 October 1874''1939 England and Wales Register'' – 18 September 1950) was a Welsh clergyman who served as the eighth Dean of St David's between 1940 and 1949 and Editor of ''Y Llan and Church News'', the newspaper of ...
, born in 1901 in Rostov-on-Don, wrote of the summers of his childhood: :There were sultry days of brassy sun, but also cool evenings on the balconies facing the Don River, with the soft glow of charcoal in the
samovar A samovar (russian: самовар, , literally "self-brewer") is a metal container traditionally used to heat and boil water. Although originating in Russia, the samovar is well known outside of Russia and has spread through Russian culture t ...
, with the ripe cherries crushed by your spoon against the bottom and sides of your glass of scalding tea. Rostov-on-Don lies in a humid continental climate ( Köppen: ''Dfa''). The winter is moderately cold, with an average January temperature of . The lowest recorded temperature of occurred in January 1940. Summers are warm and humid; July temperatures average . The city's highest recorded temperature of was reported on 7 July 2020. The mean annual precipitation is , the average wind speed is 2.7 m/s, and the average air humidity is 72%.


Symbols

In December 1996, Rostov-on-Don adopted a coat of arms, a flag and a mayoral decoration as the symbols of the town. The first coat of arms of Rostov-on-Don was designed in 1811 and approved by the Tsar. In 1904, some changes were made. One lasting oil painting of the coat-of-arms is kept in the regional local history museum but its accuracy and authenticity is uncertain. In June 1996, the Rostov-on-Don City Duma adopted a variant of the coat-of-arms in which a tower represents the St. Dimitry Rostovsky Fortress. The ancient Russian arms reference the role Rostov played in the defense of Russia's borders. The coat-of-arms adorns the mayor's decoration but all other cases of its use are first considered for approval by the City Duma.


Flag

The flag of Rostov-on-Don was approved by the Duma on September 20, 1864. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries the home guard regiments, which defended the Southern borders of Russia, were raised under this flag. The "Flag of Rostov" is kept in the town's municipal building under glass. Its length is and width, . The flag is taken out of the building only on Victory Day and Rostov-on-Don Day by a guard of honour. In 1870, an oval shape mayoral decoration wrought from precious or semi-precious white metal was introduced. On the front is written "Rostov-on-Don" at the top, the Rostov-on-Don coat-of-arms is in the center and the inscription, "Mayor of the City" is written at the bottom. On its reverse side, the day of its adoption, April 9, 1996, is recorded. The decoration is worn over the suit on a large chain. The mayor returns the decoration to the Duma on his or her retirement from office. The Emblem of the Don Host Oblast was introduced in July 5 (18), 1878. The flag of the All Great Don Army was introduce in May 1918 on the "Circle of the Don Saving".


Awards

*December 1970: Order of Lenin *1982:
Order of the Great Patriotic War The Order of the Patriotic War (russian: Орден Отечественной войны, Orden Otechestvennoy voiny) is a Soviet military decoration that was awarded to all soldiers in the Soviet armed forces, security troops, and to partisan ...
1st class *2008:
City of Military Glory The City of Military Glory (russian: «Город воинской славы») is an honorary title bestowed upon the citizenry of Russian cities, where soldiers had displayed courage and heroism during the Second World War. The award, which to da ...
status


Economy


Overview

Rostov's favourable geographical position at trading crossroads promotes economic development. The Don River is a major shipping lane connecting southwestern Russia with the north. Rostov-on-Don is a trading port for Russian, Italian, Greek and Turkish merchants selling, for example, wool, wheat and oil. It is also an important river port for passengers. The Rostov-on-Don agricultural region produces one-third of Russia's vegetable oil from sunflowers.


Volga–Don Canal

With the construction of the Volga-Don Shipping Canal in 1952, Rostov-on-Don has become known as a "port of five seas" (reachable from the Black Sea, the
Sea of Azov The Sea of Azov ( Crimean Tatar: ''Azaq deñizi''; russian: Азовское море, Azovskoye more; uk, Азовське море, Azovs'ke more) is a sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch, ...
, the Caspian Sea, the White Sea, and the Baltic Sea). See the article
Port of Rostov-on-Don The Port of Rostov-on-Don is a major sea and river port, and one of the oldest in Russia. The port has 56 berths and a berth wall length of over 9000 m. The carrying capacity of its cargo terminals is around 18 million tons per year, which put ...


Modern industry

In modern times, Rostov-on-Don has experienced economic growth. Numerous start-up companies have established headquarters in the city, the median income is increasing, and the city is being transformed into a modern, industrial and technology-rich hub. For instance, Rostov-on-Don is a center for helicopter and farm machinery manufacturing. The "Tebodin" engineering company opened its fourth office in Rostov-on-Don in June 2010.


Transportation

Public transport in Rostov-on-Don includes buses, trolleybuses, trams, and '' marshrutkas'' (routed minibus, usually a 17-passenger Mercedes Sprinter). The Rostov Metro was planned in the early 90s and later in 2000s and 2010s. At the end of 2021, the Government of the Rostov Region and the Sinara company signed an agreement on the creation of a high-speed tramway in Rostov-on-Don on a concession basis. This happened at the international forum Transport Week 2021 in Moscow. By signing this agreement, the regional government put an end to the idea of developing the metro in the city in favour of the tram. The Rostov-on-Don Airport caters for domestic travel, as well as flights to and from the former C.I.S., Europe, Africa and Asia. Its IATA code is "ROV". Donavia airlines (formerly "Aeroflot Don") has its head office in Rostov-on-Don. The Bataysk military aerodrome (which is located northwest of the city center) may be developed into a new airport hub for Southern Russia. Platov International Airport was opened in late 2017 as part of preparations for the
2018 FIFA World Cup The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national Association football, football teams organized by FIFA. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awa ...
. The international river port specializes in the packaging and freighting of minerals and timber. Shipping information is published on line. The main railway stations in Rostov-on-Don are "
Rostov-Glavny Rostov-Glavny (russian: link=no, Росто́в-Гла́вный) is the main railway station of Rostov-on-Don in Russia. Main information Rostov station is one of the biggest stations on the North Caucasus Railway. The station also includes com ...
" and "Rostov-Prigorodny". The "St. Petersburg-Rostov-Caucasus" railway crosses the territory of Rostov-on-Don. The
North Caucasus Railway Administration Building The North Caucasus Railway Administration Building (russian: Здание управления Северо-Кавказской железной дороги) is a building in Rostov-on-Don at Teatralnaya Square constructed from 1911–1913 in ...
is in Rostov-on-Don. Several highways of federal and regional significance cross Rostov. The M-4 “Don” route passes Rostov to the east and crosses the Don river in the Aksay city area. The “Rostov-Novoshakhtinsk” starts from the Northern housing block area of the city running north to connect with the M-4 “Don” route between Shakhty and Novoshakhtinsk. LiAZ-5292.60.jpg, New LiAZ-5292 buses Rostov trolley.jpg, AKSM-321 low-floor trolleybus Rostov's Tram.jpg, KTM-19 tram


The Greater Rostov supercity

The Ministry of Regional Development of Russia has prepared a program to create eight multimillion conglomerate population centres or 'super cities'. The Rostov Oblast will be one of these. “The Greater Rostov” metropolitan area will include the cities of Rostov-on-Don, Novocherkassk, Taganrog, Aksay,
Bataysk Bataysk (russian: Бата́йск) is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located southwest of Rostov-on-Don. Population: History It was founded in 1769, and was granted town status in 1938. The reconstructed Church of the Ascension was built be ...
and Azov.


Communications

In 1929, the first automatic telephone exchange in Russia with a capacity of 6,000 numbers commenced in Rostov-on-Don. Since 2004, standard telephone numbers in Rostov-on-Don have been seven digits in length. Since 2009, city numbers have begun with "2". The city dialing code is "863".


Financial services

The first commercial bank in the South of Russia, Rostovsoсbank, was opened in Rostov-on-Don. The bank existed from 1989 to 1989, and before the withdrawal of the banking license it made a full return of deposits to all depositors. The largest bank in the Rostov region is Center-Invest. In total, there are about 50 banks and their branches, 17% local banks, 80% representative offices of federal banks, 4% representative offices of foreign banks.


Education

Rostov-on-Don hosts higher educational establishments, including universities, academies, secondary schools of vocational training including colleges, technical schools, specialized schools, and elementary schools of vocational training including lyceums, professional colleges and schools of general education. The largest educational establishments of the city include: *
Southern Federal University Southern Federal University (), abbreviated as SFedU () and formerly known as Rostov State University (1957–2006), is a public university in Rostov Oblast, Russia with campuses in Rostov-on-Don and Taganrog. History Southern Federal Univers ...
*
Don State Technical University Don State Technical University (; ''Donskoi gosudarstvenny tehnicheski universitet'') is a university in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. History Don State Technical University was established on May 20, 1930. It was originally named ''North Caucasus I ...
*Rostov State University of Economy *Rostov State University of Transport Routes (The Railway Engineers' University) *Rostov State University of Civil Engineering *
Rostov State Medical University Rostov State Medical University (Ростовский Государственный Медицинский Университет in Russian) is a Russian public university of higher professional education and ministry on health and social med ...
*Rostov State Conservatory named after
Sergei Rachmaninoff Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff; in Russian pre-revolutionary script. (28 March 1943) was a Russian composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor. Rachmaninoff is widely considered one of the finest pianists of his day and, as a composer, one o ...
*Branch of the Moscow State Academy named after F.F. Ushakov *Rostov Eparchy Religious College *Rostov Institute of Advocacy of Entrepreneurs *Rostov Institute of Foreign Languages *Rostov International Institute of Economy and Management *Rostov Juridical Institute of Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation *Rostov Institute of Physical Training and Sports (branch of the Cuban State University of Physical Training, Sports and Tourism) *Rostov Social & Economic Institute *Rostov branch of Moscow Institute of Economy, Management and Law *South-Russian Institute of the Humanities *North-Caucasian Academy of Public Service *North-Caucasian Institute of Anthropology and Applied Psychology * The Modern University for the Humanities *Russian State University of Trade & Economy *Institute of Management, Business and Law, *Rostov Institute of Law of the Russian Juridical Academy of the Russian Federation *Rostov State Academy of Architecture and Arts, *Rostov College of Arts named after M.B. Grekov. There is also a French cultural centre (Alliance Francaise), a British Council and German Goethe Institute (DAAD and Bosch foundation), and a Korean Cultural Centre.


Culture

The most conspicuous architectural feature of the central part of the city is the Cathedral of Virgin's Nativity (1860–1887), designed by Konstantin Thon.


Libraries

Rostov-on-Don's libraries include: *The
Don State Public Library Don State Public Library (russian: Донская государственная публичная библиотека) is the main public library of Rostov Oblast, and is situated in the city of Rostov-on-Don. It was established in 1886 and is ...
, *Central Library named after Maxim Gorky, *Regional Children's Library named after V.M. Velichkina *Rostov Regional Special Library for the Blind, *Scientific Library of the Medical University, *Central State Children's Library named after Lenin *Children's Library named after A.S. Pushkin *Children's Library named after Mayakovsky *South-Russian Don State Public Library.


Theaters

In the Academic Drama Theater named after Maxim Gorky works Mikhail Bushnov, who is the national artist of the USSR and an honorary citizen of Rostov-on-Don. *Maxim Gorky Academic Drama Theater * Rostov State Puppet Theater *Rostov Regional Academic Theater of the Youth *
Rostov Musical Theater Rostov State Musical Theater ( rus, Ростовский государственный музыкальный театр) is one of the biggest musical theaters in Southern Russia. It is situated in the city of Rostov-on-Don, one of the oldest ...
*Philharmonic centre * Theater 18+ *Kim Nazaretov jazz centre


Museums

The small collections of the Art Gallery and the Museum of Arts include some works by Repin, Surikov, Perov, Levitan, Aivazovsky as well as of modern Rostov artists. *Museum of Local Lore *Rostov Regional Museum of Fine Arts *Museum of Fine Arts on Dmitrovskaya *Museum of Russian & Armenian Friendship *Pioneer and Railway Museum and Children's Railway


Other facilities

Other facilities include seven stadiums, a Palace of Sports, a circus, a zoo botanical gardens and parks. Rostov-on-Don hosts the North Caucasian Science Center and research institutes. The city is also home to a Starbucks coffee chain, a true rarity in this geographical area of Russia.


Religion

The Administration of Rostov and Novocherkassk Eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church is located in Rostov. Other religious facilities in Rostov-on-Don are the Roman Catholic "Church of the Lord's Supper", the
Old Believers Old Believers or Old Ritualists, ''starovery'' or ''staroobryadtsy'' are Eastern Orthodox Christians who maintain the liturgical and ritual practices of the Russian Orthodox Church as they were before the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow bet ...
' temple, a synagogue, a mosque, and the
Diamond Way Diamond Way Buddhism (''Diamond Way Buddhism - Karma Kagyu Lineage'') is a lay organization within the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. The first Diamond Way Buddhist center was founded in 1972 by Hannah Nydahl and Ole Nydahl in Copenhage ...
Buddhist Center of the Karma Kagyu Tradition. There are also several Armenian and Greek Orthodox churches in the city, with one of the Armenian churches being the oldest standing building in Rostov. All of the Armenian churches are in the Nakhichevan-on-Don district of the city.


Russian Orthodox churches

* Church of the Intercession * Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church (belongs to
Moscow Patriarchate , native_name_lang = ru , image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg , imagewidth = , alt = , caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia , abbreviation = ROC , type ...
) * St. Alexandra's Church * Ascension Church * Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary *
Church of St. John of Kronstadt, Rostov-on-Don Church of St. John of Kronstadt (russian: Храм в честь святого праведного Иоанна Кронштадтского) is an Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox church in the city of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. It belongs to Rost ...


Old Believers Old Believers or Old Ritualists, ''starovery'' or ''staroobryadtsy'' are Eastern Orthodox Christians who maintain the liturgical and ritual practices of the Russian Orthodox Church as they were before the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow bet ...
churches

* Old Believers Pokrovsky Cathedral


Armenian Apostolic Church

*
Church of the Resurrection, Rostov-on-Don The Church of the Resurrection (russian: Церковь Святого Воскресения, hy, Հայ Առաքելական Եկեղեցի) is an Armenian Apostolic church in the city of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. Description According to 2010 ...


Synagogues

''See also List of synagogues in Russia and
History of the Jews in Rostov-on-Don The history of the Jews in Rostov-on-Don dates to at least 1811. Rostov-on-Don was part of the Pale of Settlement until 1888, after which it was included in the military area of the Don Cossacks. History The Rostov fortress and settlement were fou ...
'' * Soldier Synagogue, currently home to the Rostov Jewish Community and the only active synagogue in Rostov-on-Don * Main Choral Synagogue, no longer in active use as a synagogue * The Artisans' Synagogue, destroyed by fire during WWII, formerly located at 106 Stanislavskogo St.


Mosques

* Cathedral Mosque


Gallery

File:Армянская Апостольская церковь Сурб Хач (Святой Крест) (1792г.) в городе Ростове-на-Дону.jpg, Armenian Apostolic Church of the Holy Cross (built in 1792) File:Храм Святого Великомученика и целителя Пантелеимона, Ростов-на-Дону.jpg, Orthodox Church of Great-Martyr Panteleimon File:Храм во имя святителя Демитрия, Митрополита Ростовского (Ростов-на-Дону).jpg, Orthodox Church of Saint Dimitri of Rostov File:Свято - Георгиевский храм, Ростов-на-Дону.jpg, Orthodox Church of Saint George File:Pokrov's Square Rostov.jpg, Orthodox Church of the Intercession of the Theotokos File:Mosque in the city of Rostov-on-Don, Russia,1.jpg, Cathedral Mosque


Mass media

The construction of the Rostov TV centre began in 1956 and was completed on 26 April 1958. The first television program was broadcast on 30 April 1958. Colour television was first broadcast in 1974. Radio transmission began in Rostov-on-Don on October 17, 1975. In 2009, there were fourteen FM radio stations in Rostov-on-Don, it is also possibly, home of the Squeaky Wheel number station.


Sports

Rostov-on-Don is one of the host cities for the
2018 FIFA World Cup The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national Association football, football teams organized by FIFA. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awa ...
.


2018 FIFA World Cup in Rostov-on-Don

In 2018, Rostov-on-Don was one of the Russian cities to host the
2018 FIFA World Cup The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national Association football, football teams organized by FIFA. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awa ...
.
Rostov Arena Rostov Arena (russian: «Ростов Арена») is an association football stadium in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. It was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Rostov of the Russian Premier League, replacing Olimp – 2. I ...
with a capacity of 45,000 spectators was built on the left bank of the Don River, left of the exit from the city via the Voroshilovsky Bridge. The stadium hosted 5 games of the FIFA World Cup. * June 17, 21:00, Brazil — Switzerland, Group E * June 20, 18:00, Uruguay — Saudi Arabia, Group A * June 23, 18:00, South Korea — Mexico, Group F * June 26, 21:00, Iceland — Croatia, Group D * July 2, 21:00, Belgium — Japan, Round of 16 During the FIFA World Cup, the Teatralnaya Square served as a venue for the FIFA Fan Fest. The specially arranged area had a capacity of 25,000 people. Fans were able to watch all World Cup games on a big screen. The venue was serviced by food outlets and had several entertainment areas. In preparation for the FIFA World Cup, the city implemented a large-scale development program. Apart from the new stadium, the city built a camping area for fans arriving for the World Cup, the Southern and Western Bypasses, and new hotels. Reconstruction works were carried out at the bridge crossing over the Don River (expanding the traffic way to 6 lanes), a number of healthcare facilities, and the embankment area. A new airport, Yuzhny, was built.


Notable people

Notable people include
Olga Spessivtseva Olga Alexandrovna Spessivtseva (russian: Ольга Алекса́ндровна Спеси́вцева; 16 September 1991) was a Russian ballerina whose stage career spanned from 1913 to 1939. She was one of the finest prima ballerinas of the t ...
ballet dancer, Alexander Suvorov military commander,
Yelena Produnova Yelena Sergeyevna Produnova, also known as Elena (russian: Елена Серге́евна Продунова; born 15 February 1980), is a Russian former competitive Gymnastics, gymnast. Her senior international career lasted from 1995 to 2000 ...
artistic gymnast,
Yulia Belokobylskaya Yulia Yurievna Belokobylskaya (russian: Ю́лия Ю́рьевна Белокобы́льская; born 14 December 1995) is a Russian former artistic gymnast. She is the 2011 Russian champion and European bronze medalist on the floor exercise. ...
artistic gymnast, Andrei Chikatilo (1936–1994) serial killer, and Alexander Pechersky (1909–1990) a leader of the rebellion at the Sobibor extermination camp, and
Maria Kharenkova Maria Aleksandrovna Kharenkova (russian: Мария Александровна Харенкова; born 29 October 1998) is a retired Russian-Georgian artistic gymnast. She is the 2014 European champion on the balance beam. Junior career ...
artistic gymnast.


Writers and poets

Authors of Rostov-on-Don include
Anton Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; 29 January 1860 Old Style date 17 January. – 15 July 1904 Old Style date 2 July.) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career ...
,
Mikhail Sholokhov Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov ( rus, Михаил Александрович Шолохов, p=ˈʂoləxəf; – 21 February 1984) was a Russian novelist and winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is known for writing about life ...
, Zakrutkin, Fadeyev, Safronov, Kalinin, Alexander Pushkin, Maxim Gorky, Sergey Yesenin,
Shushanik Kurghinian Shushanik Kurghinian ( hy, Շուշանիկ Կուրղինյան; Popoljian; 18 August 1876 – 24 November 1927) was an Armenian writer who became a catalyst in the development of socialist and feminist poetry. She is described as having "give ...
, Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn. (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Russian novelist. One of the most famous Soviet dissidents, Solzhenitsyn was an outspoken critic of communism and helped to raise global awareness of political repress ...
,
Yuri Zhdanov Yuri Andreyevich Zhdanov (russian: Ю́рий Андре́евич Жда́нов; 20 August 1919 – 19 December 2006) was a Soviet and Russian chemistry professor and rector of the University of Rostov. He was the son of Soviet politician Andre ...
and
Mikael Nalbandian Mikayel Nalbandian ( hy, Միքայել Նալբանդյան; ) was a Russian-Armenian writer, poet, political theorist and activist. Nalbandian was born in Nakhichevan-on-Don, an Armenian town in southern Russia, and traveled extensively, al ...
. After visiting Rostov in 1831, Pushkin published his poem "The Don". The monument to Pushkin on Pushkin Boulevard is dedicated to these events. Maxim Gorky, worked as a docker in Rostov-on-Don in his youth. Vera Panova (1905–1973) was a Soviet era writer. Modern era includes such names as Danil Korezky and
Tony Vilgotsky Anton "Tony" Vilgotsky (Russian: Антон Вильгоцкий) is a Russian musician, composer, horror and fantasy writer, playwright, and musical columnist. He is mostly known for his fantasy and horror novels (''Chosen by the Pentacle'', '' ...
. A monument to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, who lived in the city for 18 years and studied mathematics at Rostov University, is being planned by city authorities. A monument to Anton Chekhov (see
Chekhov Monument in Rostov-on-Don The Chekhov Monument ( Russian: Памятник А. П. Чехову) in Rostov-on-Don, Russia is a bronze monument erected in 2010 to commemorate the 150th anniversary since birthday of the Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. The monument is ...
) was erected in 2010.


Musicians, composers and singers

Musicians from Rostov-on-Don include Efrem Zimbalist the violinist, Zaslavsky, Kim Nazaretov, Modest Mussorgsky, composers Andrey Pashchenko (1885–1972), film composer Nadezhda Simonyan,
Zinaida Petrovna Ziberova Zinaida Petrovna Ziberova (born 1909) was a pianist, conductor, and composer who was born in Darmstadt, Germany, and lived most of her life in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. Ziberova moved to Rostov-on-Don in 1925, where she attended music school and stud ...
(born 1909), the pop music singer Irina Allegrova (1952), Yuri Bashmet, Sergey Vladimirovich Rodionov,
Eva Rivas Valeria Alexandrovna Reshetnikova-Tsatouryan ( hy, Վալերիա Ռուստետնիկովա-Ծատուրյան, russian: Валерия Александровна Решетникова-Цатурян; born 13 July 1987), better known by her stag ...
(1987),
Mikhail Puntov Russia participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2008 in Lemesos, Cyprus. The Russian entry was selected through a national final, organised by Russian broadcaster All-Russia State Television and Radio Company (VGTRK). The final was held ...
(1995), the post-punk rock band Motorama, rapper Basta and the rap band
Kasta Kasta (russian: Каста, Russian for caste) is a Russian rap group from Rostov-on-Don. The group is led by MC and producer Vladi. Other members include MCs Shym, Khamil and Zmey, as well as DJ Khobot. Kasta is notably influenced by New York C ...
.


Actors, directors and playwrights

Actors and playwrights of Rostov-on-Don include Maretskaya, Mikhail Shchepkin,
Yevgeniya Glushenko Yevgeniya Konstantinovna Glushenko (russian: Евгения Константиновна Глушенко; born on September 4, 1952 in Rostov-na-Donu) is a Russian actress, best known for her role as Vera in the Soviet melodrama ''Love by Reque ...
, Alexander Kaidanovsky (1946–1995),
Evgeny Shvarts Evgeny Lvovich Schwartz (russian: Евге́ний Льво́вич Шва́рц; , Kazan, Russian Empire – January 15, 1958, Leningrad, Soviet Union) was a Soviet writer and playwright, whose works include twenty-five plays, and screenplay ...
(1896–1958),
Nikolai Sorokin Nikolai Evgenievich Sorokin (russian: Николай Евгеньевич Сорокин; February 15, 1952 – March 26, 2013) was a Russian theatre and film actor, theatre director, educator, and People's Artist of Russia (1999). He was a ...
(1952–2013),
Konstantin Lavronenko Konstantin Nikolaevich Lavronenko (russian: Константи́н Никола́евич Лавро́ненко; born 20 April 1961) is a Soviet and Russian actor most commonly accredited for his performance as the mysterious father of two boys ...
(1961), film and theater director Kirill Serebrennikov (1969) winner of the Best Actor award at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival, and
Sergey Zhigunov Sergey Victorovich Zhigunov (russian: Серге́й Викторович Жигунов; born 2 January 1963) is a Soviet and Russian actor and producer. Commander of the Order of Honour and of the Order of Friendship. Honored Artist of Russi ...
(1963). Marion Gering, noted for his stage and film productions in the United States, was born in the city.


Architects and artists

Architects and artists of the city include Yevgeny Vuchetich, Seyran Khatlamajyan,
Ashot Melkonian Ashot Melkonian (; February 28, 1930 – December 9, 2009) was an Armenian artist associated with Neorealistic artistic style and Honorary Artist of Armenia. He mainly devoted himself to landscape and portraits painting, as well as murals. H ...
,
Natalia Duritskaya Natalia Duritskaya (russian: Наталья Ивановна Дурицкая, July 16, 1960, Taganrog) is a Russian Painting, painter and a member of the Union of Artists of Russia. Biography Duritskaya was born in Taganrog on 16 July 1960, ...
, Martiros Saryan (1880–1972),
Roman Chatov Roman Gregory Chatov (1900–1987) was a Russian-born American artist, painter, designer, and illustrator. Life Roman Chatov was born in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, to a theater impresario and his wife. He began drawing in his teenage years, including ...
(1900–1987),
Leonid Eberg Leonid (russian: Леонид ; uk, Леонід ; be, Леанід, Ljeaníd ) is a Slavic languages, Slavic version of the given name Leonidas I, Leonidas. The French language, French version is Leonide. People with the name include: *Leonid ...
(1882–1954), and
Lev Eberg Lev may refer to: Common uses *Bulgarian lev, the currency of Bulgaria *an abbreviation for Leviticus, the third book of the Hebrew Bible and the Torah People and fictional characters *Lev (given name) * Lev (surname) Places * Lev, Azerbaijan, ...
(1907–1982).


Scientists and adventurers

Scientists and explorers include, doctors N. Bogoraz and S. Fedosov, scientists
Dmitri Mendeleev Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (sometimes transliterated as Mendeleyev or Mendeleef) ( ; russian: links=no, Дмитрий Иванович Менделеев, tr. , ; 8 February Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._27_January.html" ;"title="O ...
, A. S. Popov, I. P. Pavlov, George Sedov the Arctic Sea explorer, Yakov Frenkel (1894–1952) a solid-state physicist, Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000), ophthalmologist, Sabina Spielrein (1885–1942), psychoanalyst, Yuri Oganessian (a nuclear physicist who is the namesake of oganesson (element 118)).


Other

* Vladimir Shumeyko (1945), political figure * Svetlana Boyko (1972), foil fencer * Anatoly Morozov (1973), professional association football player and coach *
Alexei Eremenko Alexei Eremenko (born Aleksei Alekseyevich Yeryomenko; russian: Алексей Алексеевич Ерёменко; born 24 March 1983) is a former professional footballer. He is from a footballing family, with his father, Alexei Eremenko Sr. ...
(1983), Russian-born Finnish professional association football player who currently plays in Kazakhstan *
Victoria Lopyreva Victoria Petrovna Lopyreva (russian: Виктория Петровна Лопырёва, Viktoriya Petrovna Lopyryova; born 26 July 1983) is a Russian television presenter, actress, model, blogger, and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Mi ...
(1983), model and popular television hostess *
Tatiana Kotova Tatiana Nikolaevna Kotova (russian: Татьяна Николаевна Котова; born 3 September 1985) is a Russian singer, actress, and television personality. She is the winner of the title Miss Russia 2006 and former soloist of Ukraini ...
(1985), beauty pageant titleholder * Andrei Chikatilo (1936–94), serial killer * Ivan Bukavshin (1995–2016), chess grandmaster *
Iosif Vorovich Iosif Izrailevich-Girshevich Vorovich (born 21 June 1920, died 6 September 2001) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician, scientific engineer, author and was made a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1970. He was a specialist in continuu ...
(1920–2001), mathematician, academician, full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences


Tourism

* Central Market, local bazaars and fresh fish markets *Bridges over the Don river and
Don Embankment Don Embankment (russian: Набережная реки Дон) in Rostov-on-Don is situated on the right side of the river. History In the 1860s in Rostov was formed a street called ''Beregovaya'' (Coastal Street) which soon began to be intensi ...
*Don River lookout * Armenian Holy Cross Church *Rostovchanka statue *River Steamboat rides * Orthodox Cathedral of the Nativity of the Holy Virgin * Pushkinskaya Street * Maxim Gorky Park *Traditional Cossack villages ('' stanitsas'') *
National Sholokhov Museum-Reserve The National Sholokhov Museum-Reserve ( rus, Музей Шолохова, r=Muzyey Sholokhova) is a museum complex in Rostov oblast, Russia which commemorates the life and work of author Mikhail Sholokhov. The main exhibits are located in an apa ...
* Azov ancient fortress *Rostov circus *Rostov state opera and ballet theatre *Monastery of St. Jacob * Rostov Zoo *
Museum of North Caucasus Railway The Museum of North Caucasus Railway (russian: Музей Северо-Кавказской железной дороги, ) is a railway museum in Rostov-on-Don, Rostov oblast, Russia, which opened on 1 August 2003. It consists of a room in a Com ...
* Botanical Garden of Southern Federal University *Art Gallery 16th Line * Alexander Column * Grigory and Aksinya in a boat *
Park of Aviators Park of Aviators (russian: link=no, Парк Авиаторов) is an urban forest located within the Pervomaysky District of Rostov-on-Don, along the Prospect of Sholokhov. On a number of occasions from 1983 to 1985, the mutilated bodies of vic ...
*
October Park October Park of Culture and Leisure (Russian: ''Парк Культуры и Отдыха имени Октября, ПКиО имени Октября'') is a cultural and educational place located in Oktyabrsky District of Rostov-on-Don, Russia ...
*
Anatoly Sobino Park Anatoly Sabino Park (russian: Парк имени Анатолия Собино) is a park in Zheleznodorozhny District, Rostov-on-Don, Zheleznodorozhny District of Rostov-on-Don. It is named after Russian revolutionary w:ru:Сабинин, Вит ...


Historic buildings

*
Argutinsky-Dolgorukov House The Argutinsky-Dolgorukov House ( rus, Дом Аргутинского-Долгорукова, r=Dom Argutinskovo-Dolgorukova) is an Art Nouveau edifice in the of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The house is located at 10 Bolshaya Sadovaya Street (russian: ...
*
Bahchisaraytsev House The Bahchisaraytsev House ( rus, Дом Бахчисарайцева, r=Dom Bahchisaraytseva) is a historic house in Rostov-on-Don, Russia located at the intersection of Socialist street and Budenovsky Prospekt (Pr. Budennovsky, 26/57). Bu ...
*
Bostrikiny House The Bostrikiny House ( rus, Дом Бострикиных, r=Dom Bostrikinikh) is a historic house in Rostov-on-Don. It currently houses a branch of Sberbank. The house is located at 106 Pushkinskaya Street (russian: Пушкинская улиц ...
*
Chernov House The Chernov House ( rus, Дом Чернова, r=Dom Chernova) is a building in the Kirovsky City District, Rostov-on-Don, Kirovsky City District of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The house is located at 69 Bolshaya Sadovaya Street (Rostov-on-Don), Bolsha ...
*
Chernova House The Margarita Chernova House (russian: Дом Маргариты Черновой) is a mansion in the city of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. It was built in 1899 by architect . It has the status of an object of cultural heritage of regional importance. ...
*
Chirikov House The Chirikov House (russian: Дом Чирикова), also known as the Chirikov Revenue House (russian: Доходный дом Чирикова) is an architectural monument in the city of Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Oblast, Russia, that was built i ...
*
F. N. Solodov House The F. N. Solodov House (russian: link=no, Дом Ф. Н. Солодова) is a historic building in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The building has the status of an object of cultural heritage of regional significance. History The house was built ...
* Gavala House *
Gayrabetov Mansion The Gayrabetov Mansion (russian: Особняк Гайрабетовых) is a building in Rostov-on-Don, located on Liberty Square. The house was built in 1880. Initially it belonged to the relatives of merchant Karp Gayrabetov. At the beginning ...
*
Gench-Ogluev House The Gench-Ogluev House ( rus, Дом Генч-Оглуева, r=Dom Gench-Oglueva) is a historic house in the of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The house is located at 68 Bolshaya Sadovaya Street, at the intersection of Bolshaya Sadovaya Street and , di ...
*
Gymnasium №36 Gymnasium №36 is a public school in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. Opened in 1915, the building was designed by architect I. Y. Lyubimov. History In 1906, State Councilor Nikolai Stepanov opened a four-year school for boys in Rostov-on-Don. Initially ...
*
Ivan Zvorykin House The Ivan Zvorykin House (russian: Дом Ивана Зворыкина) is a building in Rostov-on-Don located at the intersection of Pushkinskaya Street and . It was built in 1914 to the design of architect . In the period of the Russian Empire, ...
*
Kechekyan Mansion The Kechekyan Mansion (russian: Особняк Кечекьяна) is a building in Rostov-on-Don located at Liberty Square (Rostov-on-Don), Liberty Square. It was constructed in the third quarter of the 19th century on the central square of the ci ...
*
Kisin House The Kisin House ( rus, Дом Кисина, r=Dom Kisina) is an edifice in the of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The house is located at 72 . The building has the status of Russian cultural heritage register, an object of cultural heritage of regional si ...
*
Kostanayev House The Kostanayev House ( rus, Дом Костанаева, r=Dom Kostanayeva) is a building in the of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The house is located at 37 at the intersection of Bolshaya Sadovaya Street and Semashko Lane. The building was designed i ...
*
Kostin House The Kostin House ( rus, Дом Костина, r=Dom Kostina) is a building in the Kirovsky District of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The house is located at 37 at the intersection of Chekhov Prospekt (formerly Maly Lane) and Suvorov Street (formerly ...
*
Kramer Mansion The Kramer Mansion (russian: link=no, Особняк Крамера) is a building in Rostov-on-Don, at 114 Pushkinskaya Street. The mansion was built in the 1910 years for the Rostov philanthropist Pavel Ivanovich Kramer. In 1997 the mansion wa ...
*
Krasilnikov Mansion The Krasilnikov Mansion (russian: link=no, Особняк Красильникова) is a building in Rostov-on-Don dating from the last quarter of the 19th century. It was built in the eclectic style for the merchant Yegor Krasilnikov. The bui ...
*
Kushnarev House The Kushnarev House ( rus, Дом Кушнарёва, r=Dom Kushnaryova) is a building in the of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. Originally built as a revenue house, it is located at 51 Pushkinskaya street. The Kushnarev House has the status of an object ...
* Leonidov House *
Lyakhmayer House The Lyakhmayer House ( rus, Дом Ляхмаер, r=Dom Lyakhmayer) is a building in the of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The house is located at 60/1 , at its intersection with . Originally built as a revenue house, the building has the status of an ...
* Lyceum № 13 * Main building of Warsaw University *
Maksimov House The Maksimov House (russian: Дом Максимова) is a building in Rostov-on-Don built in the middle of the 19th century in the neoclassical style. It is one of the oldest surviving stone buildings in the city. The first owner of the house w ...
*
Martyn Brothers House The Martyn Brothers House (russian: Дом братьев Мартын), also known as the Red Cottage (russian: Красный домик), is a building in Rostov-on-Don, located at the intersection of Bolshaya Sadovaya Street and Fortress Lan ...
*
Masalitina House The Masalitina House (russian: Дом Масалитиной), also known as the Vorozhein House (russian: Дом Ворожеина) is a building in Rostov-on-Don located at the intersection of Bolshaya Sadovaya Street and . It was built in 1890 ...
*
N. A. Semashko City Hospital No. 1 N. A. Semashko City Hospital No. 1 (russian: Городская больница № 1 имени Н. А. Семашко) is a large hospital in Rostov-on-Don. History Central Hospital № 1 of the city of Rostov-on-Don traces its history back i ...
*
North Caucasus Railway Administration Building The North Caucasus Railway Administration Building (russian: Здание управления Северо-Кавказской железной дороги) is a building in Rostov-on-Don at Teatralnaya Square constructed from 1911–1913 in ...
*
Paramonov Mansion The Paramonov Mansion (russian: Особняк Парамонова) is a mansion in the city of Rostov-on-Don. It was built in 1914 for book publisher . The mansion was designed by architect . The building is currently occupied by the Y. A. Zhda ...
* Paramonov Mill *
Paramonov Warehouses The Paramonov Warehouses (russian: Парамоновские склады) was a nineteenth century complex of storage facilities in Rostov-on-Don. The ruins of the buildings are located on the banks of the Don River between Sokolova Avenue and ...
*
Petrov Mansion The Petrov Mansion (russian: link=no, Особняк Петрова) is a building in Rostov-on-Don, at 115 Pushkinskaya Street. The house was built at the end of the 19th century, to the design of the Rostov architect . Since 1959 the mansion ha ...
*
Pivovarova House The Pivovarova House (russian: link=no, Дом Пивоваровой) is a building in Rostov-on-Don at 45/28 . It was built as a revenue house A revenue house is a type of multi-family residential house with specific architecture which evolve ...
*
Popov Mansion The Popov Mansion (russian: Особняк Попова) is a building in Rostov-on-Don located on Karl Marx Square, Rostov-on-Don, Karl Marx Square. The house was built in 1890 — 1891 and belonged to the landowner and cattle dealer Lusegen Popov ...
*
Reznichenko House The Reznichenko House (russian: link=no, Дом Резниченко) is a building in Rostov-on-Don at 47 Pushkinskaya Street. The mansion was built in the late 1890s, presumably as a guest house for VIPs. The building has the status of an obje ...
*
Sariyev House The Sariyev House, or in full the Sariyev revenue house (russian: link=no, Доходный дом Сариевых) or Yemelyanov revenue house (russian: link=no, Доходный дом Емельянова) is an early 20th century building in ...
*
Shirman House The Shirman House ( rus, Дом Ширмана, r=Dom Shirmana) is an edifice in the Kirovsky District of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The house is located at 20 Voroshilovsky avenue (russian: Ворошиловский проспект, 20) at the inte ...
*
Spielrein Mansion The Spielrein Mansion (russian: Особняк Шпильрейн) is a house located at 83 Pushkinskaya Street in Rostov-on-Don. It has the status of an object of cultural heritage of regional significance. History The mansion was built in 1 ...
*
Trunov House Trunov House ( rus, Особняк Трунова, r=Osobnyak Trunova) is a historic house built in the late 19th - early 20th century, located at 13 Temernitskaya Street in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. History In the 1880s the building was owned ...


Twin towns/sister cities

Rostov-on-Don is twinned with: * Antalya, Turkey *
Dortmund Dortmund (; Westphalian nds, Düörpm ; la, Tremonia) is the third-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne and Düsseldorf, and the eighth-largest city of Germany, with a population of 588,250 inhabitants as of 2021. It is the la ...
, Germany * Gera, Germany * Donetsk, Ukraine * Glasgow, United Kingdom * Kajaani, Finland *
Le Mans Le Mans (, ) is a city in northwestern France on the Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne. Traditionally the capital of the province of Maine, it is now the capital of the Sarthe department and the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Le Man ...
, France * Minsk, Belarus * Mobile, United States *
Pleven Pleven ( bg, Плèвен ) is the seventh most populous city in Bulgaria. Located in the northern part of the country, it is the administrative centre of Pleven Province, as well as of the subordinate Pleven municipality. It is the biggest ...
, Bulgaria * Seville, Spain * Volos, Greece * Yantai, China * Yerevan, Armenia * Toronto, Canada


Gallery

File:Rostov-on-Don, Panorama of Rostov-on-Don and Don River, Russia.jpg, Don River embankment and Old Voroshilovsky Bridge File:Rostov-on-Don, Quietly Flows the Don, Russia.jpg, Left bank of Don River File:Rostov-on-Don, Iconic view, Russia.jpg, Don River embankment File:Rostov-on-Don, Majestic Don River at night, Russia.jpg, Rostov-on-Don at night File:Rostov-on-Don, Don River at night, Russia.jpg, Voroshilovsky Bridge at night File:Rostov-on-Don, Don River, Russia.jpg, Barge on Don River File:Rostov on don 1.jpg, Rostov-on-Don building File:Здание Доходного Дома.jpg, Rostov-on-Don building File:Доходный Дом И.А.Э.ЛАША. Начало 20 века.jpg, Rostov-on-Don building File:Парк Петровского причала на Левбердоне в Ростове-на-Дону.jpg, Petrovsky prichal File:Поликлиника в Левенцовском районе, Ростов-на-Дону.jpg, Rostov-on-Don building File:Драмматичекий театр М.Горького.JPG, Maxim Gorky theater File:Цирк, Ростов-на-Дону.jpg, Rostov-on-Don circus File:Купеческий двор.JPG, Rostov-on-Don building File:Iconic view of Rostov-on-Don, panorama of Rostov-on-Don city centre as seen from Gorky Park, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.jpg, Gorky Park File:С высоты птичьего полёта, Ростов-на-Дону.jpg, Aerial view of Rostov at night File:Railway Bridge Rostov.jpg, Railway bridge over the Don at night File:Ростовские казаки, Ростов-на-Дону.jpg, Cossacks of Rostov


References


Sources

* * *


Bibliography


External links


Official website of Rostov-on-Don
{{Authority control Don Host Oblast Populated places established in 1749 History of the Don Cossacks 1749 establishments in Europe Port cities and towns of the Azov Sea Cities and towns in Rostov Oblast