In the field of

molecular biology Molecular biology is the branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions. The study of chemical and physi ...

, the Mi-2/NuRD (Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase) complex, is a group of associated proteins with both ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and histone deacetylase activities. , Mi-2/NuRD was the only known protein complex that couples chromatin remodeling ATPase and chromatin deacetylation enzymatic functions. The NuRD

complex Complex commonly refers to: * Complexity, the behaviour of a system whose components interact in multiple ways so possible interactions are difficult to describe ** Complex system, a system composed of many components which may interact with each ...

contains seven subunits: the histone deacetylase core proteins

HDAC1 Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC1'' gene. Function Histone acetylation and deacetylation, catalyzed by multisubunit complexes, play a key role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Th ...

and

HDAC2 Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC2'' gene. It belongs to the histone deacetylase class of enzymes responsible for the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues at the N-terminal region of the co ...

, the histone-binding proteins RbAp46 and

RbAp48 #REDIRECT RBBP4 {{R from other capitalization ...

, the metastasis-associated proteins

MTA1 Metastasis-associated protein MTA1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MTA1'' gene. MTA1 is the founding member of the MTA family of genes. MTA1 is primarily localized in the nucleus but also found to be distributed in the extra-nucl ...

(or

MTA2 MTA may refer to: Organizations Transportation * Metropolitan Transportation Authority, the public transport agency in the metropolitan area of New York City, United States * Metropolitan Transit Authority (disambiguation), which may refer to seve ...

MTA3 Metastasis-associated protein MTA3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MTA3'' gene. MTA3 protein localizes in the nucleus as well as in other cellular compartments MTA3 is a component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylate ( NuR ...

), the methyl-CpG-binding domain protein

MBD3 Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MBD3'' gene. Function DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins ME ...

(or

MBD2 Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MBD2'' gene. Function DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins MECP ...

) and the chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3 (aka Mi-2alpha) or

CHD4 Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CHD4'' gene. Function The product of this gene belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. It represents the main component of the nucleosome remodeling ...

(aka Mi-2beta). The histone deacetylases

and

and the histone binding proteins RbAp48 and RbAp46 form a core complex shared between NuRD and Sin3-histone deacetylase complexes. Overexpression of Mbd3, a subunit of NuRD, inhibits induction of iPSCs. Depletion of Mbd3, on the other hand, improves reprogramming efficiency only in fibroblast, that results in deterministic and synchronized iPS cell reprogramming (near 100% efficiency within seven days from mouse and human cells).

References

{{reflist, 33em Protein complexes