''Isatis'' is a genus of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s in the family
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
, native to the
Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western Europe, Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa ...
region east to
central Asia
Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...
. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes
woad
''Isatis tinctoria'', also called woad (), dyer's woad, or glastum, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae (the mustard family) with a documented history of use as a blue dye and medicinal plant. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from ...
(''Isatis tinctoria''). Due to their extremely variable morphology, the Asian species in particular are difficult to determine; the only reliable diagnostic feature is the ripe fruit. They are (usually)
biennial
Biennial means (an event) lasting for two years or occurring every two years. The related term biennium is used in reference to a period of two years.
In particular, it can refer to:
* Biennial plant, a plant which blooms in its second year and th ...
or perennial
herbaceous plant
Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent wood, woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennial plant, perennials, and nearly all Annual plant, annuals and Biennial plant, biennials.
Definition ...
s, often bluish and hairless or downy hairy with the upright stem branched.
Description
They are annual, biennial or perennial, branched herbs, usually
glabrous
Glabrousness (from the Latin '' glaber'' meaning "bald", "hairless", "shaved", "smooth") is the technical term for a lack of hair, down, setae, trichomes or other such covering. A glabrous surface may be a natural characteristic of all or part of ...
and
glaucous except
silique
A silique or siliqua (plural ''siliques'' or ''siliquae'') is a type of fruit (seed capsule) having two fused carpels with the length being more than three times the width. When the length is less than three times the width of the dried fruit i ...
. Basal leaves generally elliptic-oblong,
sessile
Sessility, or sessile, may refer to:
* Sessility (motility), organisms which are not able to move about
* Sessility (botany), flowers or leaves that grow directly from the stem or peduncle of a plant
* Sessility (medicine), tumors and polyps that ...
; sessile caulinary, rounded to oval-oblong.
The
hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold double
perianth
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla ( petals) or tepals when ...
. The four
sepal
A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coine ...
s are ascending to upright. The four yellow to
off-white
Shades of white are colors that differ only slightly from pure white. Variations of white include what are commonly termed off-white colors, which may be considered part of a neutral color scheme or yellow that looks like brown.
In color theo ...
or
lilac-white petals are at least as long as the sepals. They have six
stamens with very small, egg-shaped or elongated-round anthers. There are
nectar glands.
Racemose
A raceme ( or ) or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the s ...
is branched or paniculated, ebracted, inflorescence, often reaching lax and elongated in the fruit.
The fruit is a generally linear silique, oblong-cuneate to suborbicular, indehiscent, flattened laterally, unilocular, little to conspicuously winged, glabrous or with tiny hairs.
[Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2010. Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae. Fl. N. Amer. 7: i – xxii, 1–797.]
Species
Currently accepted species include:
*''
Isatis afghanica
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''Is ...
''
Hadac & Chrtek
*''
Isatis amani
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''Is ...
''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis apennina
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''Is ...
''
Ten. ex Grande
*''
Isatis apscheronica
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''Is ...
''
N.Busch
*''
Isatis aptera
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''Is ...
''
(Boiss. & Heldr.) Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.
*''
Isatis arenaria
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''Is ...
''
Azn.
*''
Isatis armena
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''Is ...
''
L.
*''
Isatis arnoldiana
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''Is ...
''
N.Busch
*''
Isatis aucheri
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''Is ...
''
Boiss.
*''
Isatis biscutellifolia
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''Is ...
''
Boiss. & Buhse
*''
Isatis bitlisica
''Isatis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (''Is ...
''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis boissieriana''
Rchb.f.
*''
Isatis brachycarpa''
C.A.Mey.
*''
Isatis brevipes''
(Bunge) Jafri
*''
Isatis bullata''
Aitch. & Hemsl.
*''
Isatis bungeana''
Seidlitz
*''
Isatis buschiana''
Schischk.
*''
Isatis callifera''
Boiss. & Balansa
*''
Isatis campylocarpa''
Boiss.
*''
Isatis canaliculata''
(Vassilcz.) V.V.Botschantz.
*''
Isatis candolleana''
Boiss.
*''
Isatis cappadocica''
Desv.
*''
Isatis cardiocarpa''
(Trautv.) Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.
*''
Isatis caucasica''
N.Busch
*''
Isatis cochlearis''
Boiss.
*''
Isatis constricta''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis costata''
C.A.Mey.
*''
Isatis davisiana''
H.Misirdali ex P.H.Davis, R.R.Mill & Kit Tan
*''
Isatis demiriziana''
H.Misirdali ex P.H.Davis, R.R.Mill & Kit Tan
*''
Isatis densiflora''
(Bunge ex Boiss.) D.A.German
*''
Isatis deserti''
(N.Busch) V.V.Botschantz.
*''
Isatis djurjaedae''
Coss. & Durieu
*''
Isatis elegans''
(Boiss.) Hadac & Chrtek
*''
Isatis emarginata''
Kar. & Kir.
*''
Isatis erzurumica''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis floribunda''
Boiss. ex Bornm.
*''
Isatis frigida''
Boiss. & Kotschy
*''
Isatis frutescens''
Kar. & Kir.
*''
Isatis gaubae''
Bornm.
*''
Isatis glastifolia''
(Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.
*''
Isatis glauca''
Aucher ex Boiss.
*''
Isatis grammotis''
Kit Tan
*''
Isatis gymnocarpa''
(Fisch. ex DC.) Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.
*''
Isatis harsukhii''
O.E.Schulz
*''
Isatis hirtocalyx''
Franch.
*''
Isatis huber-morathii''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis iberica''
Steven
*''
Isatis jacutensis''
(N.Busch) N.Busch
*''
Isatis karjaginii''
Schischk.
*''
Isatis kotschyana''
Boiss. & Hohen.
*''
Isatis kozlovskyi''
Grossh.
*''
Isatis laevigata''
Trautv.
*''
Isatis latisiliqua''
Steven
*''
Isatis leuconeura''
Boiss. & Buhse
*''
Isatis littoralis''
Steven
*''
Isatis lockmanniana''
Kotschy ex Boiss.
*''
Isatis lusitanica''
L.
*''
Isatis mardinensis''
P.H.Davis & H.Misirdali
*''
Isatis maxima''
Pavlov
*''
Isatis microcarpa''
J.Gay ex Boiss.
*''
Isatis minima''
Bunge
*''
Isatis multicaulis''
(Kar. & Kir.) Jafri
*''
Isatis oblongata''
DC.
*''
Isatis odontogera''
(Bordz.) D.A.German
*''
Isatis ornithorhynchus''
N.Busch
*''
Isatis pachycarpa''
Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand.
*''
Isatis pinnatiloba''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis platyloba''
Link ex Steud.
*''
Isatis praecox''
Kit. ex Tratt.
*''
Isatis raimondoi''
Di Grist., Scafidi & Domina
*''
Isatis raphanifolia''
Boiss.
*''
Isatis rugulosa''
Bunge ex Boiss.
*''
Isatis sabulosa''
Steven ex Ledeb.
*''
Isatis sevangensis''
N.Busch
*''
Isatis sivasica''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis spatella''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis spectabilis''
P.H.Davis
*''
Isatis steveniana''
Trautv.
*''
Isatis stocksii''
Boiss.
*''
Isatis subdidyma''
(N.Busch) V.E.Avet.
*''
Isatis takhtajanii''
Avet.
*''
Isatis tinctoria
''Isatis tinctoria'', also called woad (), dyer's woad, or glastum, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae (the mustard family) with a documented history of use as a blue dye and medicinal plant. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from ...
''
L.
*''
Isatis tomentella''
Boiss. & Balansa
*''
Isatis trachycarpa''
Trautv.
*''
Isatis turcomanica''
Korsh.
*''
Isatis undulata''
Aucher ex Boiss.
*''
Isatis violascens''
Bunge
*''
Isatis zarrei''
Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.
References
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae genera
{{Brassicales-stub
