Arte (; (), sometimes stylized in lowercase or uppercase in its logo) is a European public service channel dedicated to

culture Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups ...

. It is made up of three separate companies: the Strasbourg-based European Economic Interest Grouping ARTE, plus two member companies acting as editorial and programme production centres, ARTE France in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

(formerly known as

La Sept La Sept was a French free-to-air television network and production company created on 23 February 1986 to develop cultural and educational programming for transmission via the TDF 1 satellite. In French, the word "sept" means the number seven; ...

) and ARTE Deutschland in

Baden-Baden Baden-Baden () is a spa town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the Rhine, the border with Fra ...

(a subsidiary of the two main public German TV networks ARD and

ZDF ZDF (, short for Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen; ; "Second German Television") is a German public-service television broadcaster based in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate. It is run as an independent nonprofit institution, which was founded by all fe ...

). As an international joint venture (an EEIG), its programmes focus on audiences in both countries. Because of this, the channel has two audio tracks and two subtitle tracks, one each in French and

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

. 80% of Arte's programming is provided by its French and German subsidiaries, each making half of the programmes. The remainder is provided by the European subsidiary and the channel's European partners. Selected programmes are available with

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...

and

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...

subtitles online. In January 2021, Bruno Patino, President of ARTE France, became President of Arte GEIE whilst Peter Weber, Head of Legal Affairs at

, became Vice President. In the same year, the chairmanship of the General Assembly of ARTE GEIE was taken by

Tom Buhrow Tom Buhrow (born 29 September 1958, in Troisdorf) is a German journalist who has been serving as intendant of the WDR since 2013. Early life and education Buhrow studied history and political science in Bonn. Career Careeer in journalism In 1 ...

, President of

Westdeutscher Rundfunk Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (''West German Broadcasting Cologne''; WDR, ) is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne. WDR is a constituent member of the conso ...

(WDR) and Chairman of the German association of public broadcasters ARD. Nicolas Seydoux, President of Gaumont, became Vice-Chairman.

History

Arte was initiated as a symbol of Franco-German friendship and had been championed since 1988 by French President François Mitterrand and German Chancellor

Helmut Kohl Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (; 3 April 1930 – 16 June 2017) was a German politician who served as Chancellor of Germany from 1982 to 1998 and Leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 1973 to 1998. Kohl's 16-year tenure is the longes ...

. It came to fruition on 2 October 1990, when an Interstate Treaty was signed between France and the German Länder. Arte began transmissions in 1992, filling frequencies left unused by the demise of

La Cinq La Cinq () was France's first privately owned free-to-air television network. Created by politician Jérôme Seydoux and Italian media mogul Silvio Berlusconi, the network broadcast from 1985 to 1992. The contract for France's fifth terrest ...

, the first French commercial television network (created in 1986). The opening night on 30 May 1992 was broadcast live from the Strasbourg Opera House. Arte started as an evening-only service. In the daytime, its frequencies were shared with other channels. A public channel called ''Télé Emploi'' occupied the French frequencies for about a month in 1994, before the start of La Cinquième (''now

France 5 France 5 () is a French free-to-air public television channel, part of the France Télévisions group. Principally featuring educational programming, the channel's motto is ''la chaîne de la connaissance et du savoir'' (the knowledge network). ...

'') in December that year. For viewers in Germany, Arte was assigned a frequency on the Astra 1D satellite in late 1994, and it was eventually shared with Nickelodeon Germany, later replaced by the new public children's channel Kinderkanal. In 1996, it started offering an afternoon schedule with reruns for viewers on digital satellite and digital cable. A "proper" afternoon schedule with programmes between 2 p.m. and 7 p.m. was introduced on 6 January 2001. The channel eventually got its own analogue frequency on the Astra satellites. Arte has been broadcasting 24/7 since 2005. In 2007 the online catch-up service ARTE+7 was launched and offers free access to a broad range of programs within seven days of their original transmission. In October 2020, Arte marked 30 years since the signing of its founding treaty between France and Germany.

Transmission and reception

ARTE programmes are available with multi-channel audio: all programmes are broadcast in French and German. In addition, whenever possible the original version is offered with French and German subtitles and the hearing or visually impaired may get subtitles or

audio description Audio description, also referred to as a video description, described video, or more precisely called a visual description, is a form of narration used to provide information surrounding key visual elements in a media work (such as a film or te ...

. Since 2015 a selection of programmes have been available online which include English and Spanish subtitles. Polish was to follow in late 2016. The channel is widely available in Europe. Both the German and the French versions can be received in nearly all of Europe via satellite Astra1 (19, 2° East) and the French version is also available via Hot Bird (13° East). ARTE is also relayed by all cable networks in Germany and France. It is also available on numerous cable networks in Austria, Belgium, Finland, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. Arte has been broadcast since 2008 in HD in Germany and France. Like the national channels of their own respective countries, the German

HDTV High-definition television (HD or HDTV) describes a television system which provides a substantially higher image resolution than the previous generation of technologies. The term has been used since 1936; in more recent times, it refers to the g ...

version of ARTE broadcasts in

720p50 720p (1280×720 px; also called HD ready, standard HD or just HD) is a progressive HDTV signal format with 720 horizontal lines/1280 columns and an aspect ratio (AR) of 16:9, normally known as widescreen HDTV (1.78:1). All major HDTV broadcast ...

, while the French one broadcasts in

1080i25 1080i (also known as Full HD or BT.709) is a combination of frame resolution and scan type. 1080i is used in high-definition television (HDTV) and high-definition video. The number "1080" refers to the number of horizontal lines on the screen. ...

. Broadcasting Center Europe (BCE), a subsidiary of

RTL Group RTL Group (for "Radio Television Luxembourg") is a Luxembourg-based international media conglomerate, with another corporate centre in Cologne, Germany. The company operates 68 television channels and 31 radio stations in Germany, France an ...

and located in Luxembourg (formerly known as CLT-UFA and before its merger with UFA, the Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion), provides most of the technical services for Arte. In April 2016 Arte co-produced, (with Astra satellite owner,

SES SES, S.E.S., Ses and similar variants can refere to: Business and economics * Socioeconomic status * Scottish Economic Society, a learned society in Scotland * SES, callsign of the TV station SES/RTS (Mount Gambier, South Australia) * SES S.A., ...

) a live

Ultra-high-definition television Ultra-high-definition television (also known as Ultra HD television, Ultra HD, UHDTV, UHD and Super Hi-Vision) today includes 4K UHD and 8K UHD, which are two digital video formats with an aspect ratio of 16:9. These were first proposed b ...

broadcast of the Le Corsaire ballet from the Vienna State Opera. The programme was transmitted free-to-air on the UHD1 demonstration channel from the

Astra 19.2°E Astra 19.2°E is the name for the group of Astra communications satellites co-located at the 19.2°East orbital position in the Clarke Belt that are owned and operated by SES based in Betzdorf, Luxembourg. Astra 19.2°E used to be commonly k ...

satellites. In July 2016, the Italian public broadcaster RAI Com signed a partnership agreement with Arte to collaborate on coproductions and programme acquisitions. In November 2016, the Irish public television RTÉ signed a partnership agreement with Arte to produce programmes related to arts, culture and history as well as web content for ARTE Concert and ARTE in English. Arte also has agreements with

Yle Yleisradio Oy ( Finnish, literally "General Radio Ltd." or "General Broadcast Ltd."; abbr. Yle ; sv, Rundradion Ab, italics=no), translated to English as the Finnish Broadcasting Company, is Finland's national public broadcasting company, found ...

(Finnish public broadcasting) and Film Fund Luxembourg (a national fund that supports Luxembourgish audiovisual productions). Arte programmes can be streamed live or watched on catch-up TV for at least 7 and up to 700 days on the arte.tv platform and on ARTE Concert.

International

In Africa, Arte is broadcast via

satellite A satellite or artificial satellite is an object intentionally placed into orbit in outer space. Except for passive satellites, most satellites have an electricity generation system for equipment on board, such as solar panels or radioi ...

cable Cable may refer to: Mechanical * Nautical cable, an assembly of three or more ropes woven against the weave of the ropes, rendering it virtually waterproof * Wire rope, a type of rope that consists of several strands of metal wire laid into a hel ...

, MMDS and

ADSL Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. ...

in many other countries, via the digital service

CanalSat Canal+ is a French subscription provider associated to the channel of the same name. It is owned by Vivendi (owner of Canal+) with a hundred percent share. History In 1992, Canalsatellite was launched, the shareholders were Canal+ Group (66 p ...

Horizons. Many French-language Arte programmes are also broadcast in Canada on the

Ici ARTV Ici ARTV (stylized as ICI artv) is a Canadian French language specialty channel owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (known in French as Société Radio-Canada). The channel broadcasts the arts and culture including music, dance, thea ...

cable channel, the majority-owned by the

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (french: Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian public broadcaster for both radio and television. It is a federal Crown corporation that receives funding from the government. ...

(85%) and Arte itself (15%). The Australian

Special Broadcasting Service The Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) is an Australian hybrid-funded public service broadcaster. About 80 percent of funding for the company is derived from the Australian Government. SBS operates six TV channels ( SBS, SBS Viceland, SBS World ...

translates many Arte programmes into English for broadcast on its own

television network A television network or television broadcaster is a telecommunications network for distribution of television program content, where a central operation provides programming to many television stations or pay television providers. Until the mid- ...

and overseas.

Market share

Arte usually has more viewers in France than in Germany. In 2015, its share of overall viewing was about 2.2% in France and about 1% in Germany. Before cable and satellite became widely used in France, Arte was available to almost everyone as one of six analogue terrestrial channels. The other five channels were not direct competitors to Arte. In Germany, widespread cable and satellite penetration meant the vast majority of German households had access to about three dozen channels, including several from public broadcasters with content similar to that seen on Arte. Arte's market share in France diminished since the introduction of digital terrestrial services. In Germany, it has been more or less flat.

Programming

* '' The Human Adventure'' – documentary series (1997–present) * ''Arte Journal'' – news program (1992–present) * ''Arte Reportage'' – current affairs program (2004–present) * ''Arte Themenabend'' – themed evenings * '' A Very Secret Service'' – spy comedy (2015–2018) * '' The Boys from Baghdad High'' – documentary film * ''Die Nacht/La Nuit'' – late-night news * ''Do Not Track'', a 2015 Arte co-produced web documentary * '' Durch die Nacht mit …'' (2002–present) * ''Geo 360°'' (1999–present) * ''

Karambolage Karambolage is a television series broadcast Sunday evenings at 6:55 p.m. in Germany and at 8:35 p.m. in France on the Franco-German television channel arte. Each episode is roughly 12 minutes long, and is usually broken up into three o ...

'' – a show about French/German customs (2004–present) * ''Kurzschluss'' (2001–present) * ''Metropolis'' (2001–present) * ''

Mapping the World ''Mapping the World'' () is a French programme that explains geopolitical contexts using maps as visual support. It was created in 1990 by political scientist Jean-Christophe Victor, who hosted it up until his death in 2016. The programme ret ...

'' – geopolitical documentary (1992–present) * ''Tracks'' – music program (1997–present) * ''WunderWelten'' (2005–2009) * '' Venice New Year's Concert'' (2016–present)

Series

* '' 1864'' (2015) * ''

Ad Vitam ''Ad Vitam'' is a 2018 French-language TV series starring Yvan Attal, Garance Marillier and Niels Schneider. The plot is set in a world where a highly effective medical treatment for aging called "Regeneration" has been discovered. A cop, Darius A ...

'' (2018) * ''

Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon ( grc, Ἀλέξανδρος, Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip II to ...

'' (2014) * ''

Apple Tree Yard ''Apple Tree Yard'' is a British television psychological thriller, adapted from the 2013 novel of the same name by Louise Doughty. The four-part series was commissioned in 2016 and the first episode had its premiere on BBC One on 22 January 2017 ...

'' (2018) * ''

Borgen Borgen may refer to: Places * Borgen, Akershus, Norway * Borgen, Oslo, a neighborhood of Oslo, Norway **Borgen (station) * Borgen, Østfold, a suburb of Sarpsborg, Norway * Borgen, Ullensaker, Norway * ''Borgen'' ('the castle'), colloquial name ...

'' (2012–2015) * '' Breaking Bad'' – Award-winning American drama series (2010–2015) * '' Capital'' (2017) * ''

Captain Alatriste ''Captain Alatriste'' ( es, El capitán Alatriste, fully titled Las aventuras del capitán Alatriste) is a series of novels by Spanish author Arturo Pérez-Reverte. It deals with the adventures of the title character, a Spanish soldier and man ...

'' (2015, 2017) * ''

DCI Banks ''DCI Banks'' is a British television crime drama series produced by Left Bank Pictures for the ITV network. Originally broadcast over five series in 2010–2016, the series was based on Peter Robinson's Inspector Alan Banks novels and ...

'' (2012–2016) * '' Den fjärde mannen '' (2017) * '' Eyewitness (Øyevitne)'' (2015, 2017) * '' Fatale-Station '' (2017) * '' Fortitude'' (2017) * '' Gomorrha'' (2015, 2017) * '' Hatufim'' (2013–2016) * ''

Hierro El Hierro, nicknamed ''Isla del Meridiano'' (the "Meridian Island"), is the second-smallest and farthest-south and -west of the Canary Islands (an autonomous community of Spain), in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa, with a populat ...

'' (2019, 2021) * '' Hotel Beau Séjour'' (2017) * '' Im Angesicht des Verbrechens'' (2010–2011, 2013) * '' Jekyll'' (2009–2010) * ''

Kidnap and Ransom ''Kidnap and Ransom'' is a British television three-part miniseries, originally shown on ITV in January 2011 with a second series following in February 2012. The series follows the work of a British hostage negotiator Dominic King, played by ...

'' ''(Der Jäger – Geld oder Leben)'' (2015) * '' Kommissarin Lund'' ''(Forbrydelsen)'' (2010–2012, 2014–2015, 2017) * ''Les quatre soeurs'' (2018) * ''

Lilyhammer ''Lilyhammer'' is a crime comedy-drama television series starring Steven Van Zandt about a former New York-based gangster named Frank "The Fixer" Tagliano trying to start a new life in isolated Lillehammer, Norway. The first season premiered on ...

'' (2014, 2016) * ''Maroni'' (2018) * '' Monroe'' (2013–2014) * ''

National Treasure The idea of national treasure, like national epics and national anthems, is part of the language of romantic nationalism, which arose in the late 18th century and 19th centuries. Nationalism is an ideology that supports the nation as the funda ...

'' (2018) * '' Occupied (Okkupert)'' (2015, 2018) * ''Paris'' (2015) * ''

Peaky Blinders The Peaky Blinders were a street gang based in Birmingham, England, which operated from the 1880s until the 1910s. The group consisted largely of young criminals from lower- to middle-class backgrounds. They engaged in robbery, violence, rack ...

'' (2015–present) * '' Points de Repères '' (2016–2017) * ''

Rectify ''Rectify'' is an American television drama series exploring the life of a man after he is released from prison after nearly 20 years on death row following a wrongful conviction. It was created by Ray McKinnon and is the first original series f ...

'' (2014–2015) * ''

River A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of w ...

'' (2018) * ' (''Silex and the City'') (2012–2017) * '' Suburban Shootout'' (2010) * '' The Code'' ' (2015, 2017) * '' The Hour'' (2013) * '' The Slap (2011)'' (2013, 2015) * '' The Spiral'' (2012, 2017) * '' Transferts '' (2017) * ''Virage Nord'' ''(Nordkurve)'' (2014–2015) * ''

Wolf Hall ''Wolf Hall'' is a 2009 historical novel by English author Hilary Mantel, published by Fourth Estate, named after the Seymour family's seat of Wolfhall, or Wulfhall, in Wiltshire. Set in the period from 1500 to 1535, ''Wolf Hall'' is a symp ...

'' (2016–2017)

Online

arte.tv

arte.tv is the channel's streaming service. It is accessible from browsers and Arte apps for smartphones and smart TVs. Arte. tv programmes are organised by theme or genre. They include feature films, documentaries and documentary cinema covering topics such as social affairs, the arts, history, nature and science, series, short and TV films, music and theatre performances, magazine shows, reportage and news, and web-based formats. Arte's first digital effort was called ARTE+7, launched in September 2007. Initial it was a catch-up service, allowing viewers to watch ARTE programmes up to seven days after they were broadcast on television. arte.tv has also been available for streaming in Germany and France since 2012. Most programmes can be streamed from 5 am on the morning of broadcast and remain available on replay for up to 90 days, sometimes longer. Some programmes are made available online ahead of transmission. Most of arte.tv now consists of web-only content. Arte also has a podcast site, called ''Arte Radio''. Most of its programmes are in French. ARTE Extra is a new feature, launched in

HbbTV Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) is both an industry standard ( European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) TS 102 796) and promotional initiative for hybrid digital TV to harmonise the broadcast, Internet Protocol Television ( ...

in 2020. Arte Extra provides four “smart playlists” related to different topics such as society, discovery and music which are put together from programmes available on arte.tv. The playlists can be accessed by pushing the red button on the remote control. An annual Arte film festival takes place online in December. It promotes the European film d’auteur scene and presents films of young directors accessible in 45 European countries in ten different languages. Each month, the "ArteKino Selection" offers one film available in six languages on arte.tv.

ARTE in six languages

Since November 2015 Arte has been making selected programme content – above all documentaries, magazines and live arts – available online with

and

subtitles. Since November 2016 a selection of programmes have featured

subtitles.

subtitles have been provided since June 2018. This online service is co-funded by the

European Commission The European Commission (EC) is the executive of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with 27 members of the Commission (informally known as "Commissioners") headed by a President. It includes an administrative body ...

, enabling 70% of Europeans to watch ARTE in their native language.

ARTE Concert

ARTE Concert (known until 2014 as Arte Live Web) streams a selection of new and recent stage performances. These might be Arte co-productions or recordings by partners, including major venues and independent companies, festivals, and autonomous artists, producers and websites. Genres covered include opera, rock music, theatre, chamber music, jazz and electronic music. Apart from plays and concerts, it also offers backstage reports, exclusive interviews with performers and key figures at various festivals, and extracts from dress rehearsals. The livestreaming platform United We Stream was launched in 2020 in response to the closure of venues due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Every day DJs and concerts are streamed live from empty clubs to audiences around the world in partnership with a wide range of performers. ARTE Concert streams more than 900 live shows and replays a year. In 2018, Arte launched its online opera season. As part of ARTE Concert, it provides access to new opera productions from various European opera houses by live stream or video on demand in six different languages via subtitles. The 2020/2021 opera season featured 21 opera houses from 12 European countries with both classic and contemporary productions.

Former themed platforms

In 2009, ''ARTE Concert'' (formerly Arte Live Web) was launched, an online platform providing live broadcasts of festivals and concerts. In 2017, the arte.tv platform absorbed the themed platforms ''ARTE Creative'', ''ARTE Future'', ''ARTE Info'' and ''ARTE Cinema'', which previously were separate units. ''ARTE Concert'' is still organised as a separate brand integrated into Arte's online architecture. ARTE-LIVE-ORANGE-RVB.svg, ''Arte Live'' logo ARTE-+7-ORANGE-RVB.svg, ''Arte+7'' logo ARTE-INFO-BLEU-PANTONE.jpg, ''Arte Info'' logo ARTE-FUTURE-BLEU-RVB.svg, ''Arte Future'' logo ARTE-CREATIVE-VERT-RVB.svg, ''Arte CREATIVE'' logo ARTE-CONCERT-ROSE-RVB.jpg, ''Arte Concert'' logo ARTE-CINEMA.jpg, ''Arte Cinema'' logo

Logos

File:ARTE logo 1989.png, Arte's first logo, used from May 30, 1992 until January 2, 1995. File:Arte-Logo.svg, Arte's second and current logo since January 2, 1995. File:Logo-arte-schief.svg, Alternate version of the 1995 logo, used from January 3, 2004, until February 27, 2011. File:Arte Logo 2011.svg, Orange version of the 1995 logo, used from February 28, 2011, until March 24, 2017. File:Arte Logo HD 2011.png, HD logo, used since June 10, 2010. File:Arte Logo 2017.svg, 90° rotated version of the 1995 logo, used since March 25, 2017.

Awards

In the course of the channel's history, Arte productions and coproductions have received a number of important film awards, including several

Oscars The Academy Awards, better known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the American and international film industry. The awards are regarded by many as the most prestigious, significant awards in the entertainment ind ...

, Palmes d’Or (Cannes Film Festival),

Golden Bear The Golden Bear (german: Goldener Bär) is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival. The bear is the heraldic animal of Berlin, featured on both the coat of arms and flag of Berlin. History The win ...

s, Golden Lions,

Golden Leopard The Golden Leopard () is the top prize at the Locarno International Film Festival, an international film festival held annually in Locarno, Switzerland since 1946. Directors in the process of getting an international reputation are allowed to be ...

s, César Awards for Best Film and Best Documentary Film as well as Lolas in gold for the best film and the best documentary. In 2016, PRIX EUROPA awarded Arte the "Lifetime Achievement Award" "in honour of extraordinary achievements in the European media world".

References

External links

ARTE WebsiteARTE Corporate Website

ARTE RadioARTE's non free VoD serviceARTE's non free VoD service

Thematic focuses

Visual arts The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts and architecture. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual art, and textile art ...

* Classical music *

Art Film An art film (or arthouse film) is typically an independent film, aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience. It is "intended to be a serious, artistic work, often experimental and not designed for mass appeal", "made primarily f ...

Literature Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include ...

Light art Light art or The Art of Light is generally referring to a visual art form in which (physical) light is the main, if not sole medium of creation. Uses of the term differ drastically in incongruence; definitions, if existing, vary in several asp ...

Poetry Poetry (derived from the Greek ''poiesis'', "making"), also called verse, is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language − such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre − to evoke meanings i ...

Design A design is a plan or specification for the construction of an object or system or for the implementation of an activity or process or the result of that plan or specification in the form of a prototype, product, or process. The verb ''to design' ...

Fine-art photography Fine-art photography is photography created in line with the vision of the photographer as artist, using photography as a medium for creative expression. The goal of fine-art photography is to express an idea, a message, or an emotion. This stand ...

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