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Events
January–March
*January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** Fisk University, a historically black university
Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the intention of primarily serving the African-American community. Mo ...
, is established in Nashville, Tennessee
Nashville is the capital city of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the seat of Davidson County. With a population of 689,447 at the 2020 U.S. census, Nashville is the most populous city in the state, 21st most-populous city in the U.S., and ...
.
** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine '' The Liberator'' is published.
* January 6 – Ottoman troops clash with supporters of Maronite leader Youssef Bey Karam
Youssef Bey Karam (also Joseph Bey Karam) (May 15, 1823 – April 7, 1889) ( ar, يوسف بك كرم), was a Lebanese Maronite notable for fighting in the 1860 civil war and led a rebellion in 1866–1867 against the Ottoman Empire rule in ...
, at St. Doumit in Lebanon
Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to Lebanon–Syria border, the north and east and Israel to Blue ...
; the Ottomans are defeated.
* January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
* 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...
** The ''Royal Aeronautical Society
The Royal Aeronautical Society, also known as the RAeS, is a British multi-disciplinary professional institution dedicated to the global aerospace community. Founded in 1866, it is the oldest aeronautical society in the world. Members, Fellows, ...
'' is formed as ''The Aeronautical Society of Great Britain'' in London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
, the world's oldest such society.
** British auxiliary steamer sinks in a storm in the Bay of Biscay, on passage from the Thames to Australia, with the loss of 244 people, and only 19 survivors.
* January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
– Wesley College, Melbourne
, motto_translation = Dare To Be Wise
, slogan = A ''True'' Education (2010 – Present)
, established = 18 January 1866
, type = Independent, day & boarding
, gender ...
, is established.
* January 26
Events Pre-1600
* 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
*1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
* 1564 – The Council of Tren ...
– Volcanic eruption
Several types of volcanic eruptions—during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and volcanic blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure—have been distinguished by volcanologists. These are oft ...
in the Santorini caldera
Santorini caldera is a large, mostly submerged caldera, located in the southern Aegean Sea, 120 kilometers north of Crete in Greece. Visible above water is the circular Santorini island group, consisting of Santorini (classic Greek Thera), the ma ...
begins.
* February 7
Events Pre-1600
* 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor.
* 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II.
* 1301 &nd ...
– Battle of Abtao
The Battle of Abtao was a naval battle fought on February 7, 1866, during the Chincha Islands War, between a Spanish squadron and a combined Peruvian-Chilean fleet, at the island of Abtao in the Gulf of Ancud near Chiloé Archipelago in south- ...
: A Spanish naval squadron fights a combined Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = National seal
, national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...
vian-Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
an fleet, at the island of Abtao, in the Chiloé Archipelago
The Chiloé Archipelago ( es, Archipiélago de Chiloé, , ) is a group of islands lying off the coast of Chile, in the Los Lagos Region. It is separated from mainland Chile by the Chacao Channel in the north, the Sea of Chiloé in the east and t ...
of southern Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
.
* February 13 – The first daylight bank robbery
Bank robbery is the criminal act of stealing from a bank, specifically while bank employees and customers are subjected to force, violence, or a threat of violence. This refers to robbery of a bank branch or teller, as opposed to other bank- ...
in United States history during peacetime takes place in Liberty, Missouri. This is considered to be the first robbery committed by Jesse James and his gang, although James's role is disputed.
* February 26 – The Calaveras Skull
The Calaveras Skull (also known as The Pliocene Skull) was a human skull found by miners in Calaveras County, California, which was purported to prove that humans were in North America as early as the Pliocene, and used to support the idea the h ...
is discovered in California
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
. Purported to be evidence of humans in North America during the Pliocene
The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58hoax.
* February 28 – The month concludes without having a full moon.
*
* May 10 – London bank Overend, Gurney and Company collapses, precipitating Panic of 1866.
* May 16 – The
* July 27 – The successfully completes laying the transatlantic telegraph cable between Valentia Island, Ireland, and Heart's Content, Newfoundland and Labrador, Heart's Content, Newfoundland, permanently restoring a communications link.
* July 28 – The ''Metric Act of 1866'' becomes law and legalizes the standardization of weights and measures in the United States.
* August 23 – The Peace of Prague (1866), Treaty of Prague ends the Austro-Prussian War. The Limburg (Netherlands), Duchy of Limburg leaves the German Confederation.
* September – The Great Tea Race of 1866 ends in London, narrowly won by the clipper ship ''Taeping''.
* September 22 – Paraguay successfully Battle of Curupayty, defends Curupayty against the Triple Alliance in the Paraguayan War, killing more than 5,000 while sustaining just about 50 casualties.
* October 12 – The Treaty of Vienna (1866), Treaty of Vienna ends the war between Austria and Italy; it formalizes the annexation of Venetia (region), Venetia by Italy.
* October 14 – French troops under the command of Rear Admiral Pierre-Gustave Roze land at Ganghwa Island, Korea, as part of French campaign against Korea (1866), a punitive expedition against that kingdom for the execution of French Jesuit priests. It is the first military contact between Korea and a Western force.
* October 22 – The office of State President of the South African Republic is created by constitutional amendment approved at a session of the ''Volksraad''.Archontology.org: A Guide for Study of Historical Offices, South African Republic (Transvaal): Heads of State: 1857–1877
(Accessed on 14 April 2017) * November 7 – The Ruse–Varna, Bulgaria, Varna railway line (the first railway in Bulgaria) officially opens. * December 12– Oaks explosion: The worst mining disaster in England kills 383 miners and rescuers. * December 18 – The College of Wooster is founded in Ohio.
* January 13
** George Gurdjieff, Russian spiritual teacher (d. 1949)
** Vasily Kalinnikov, Russian composer (d. 1901)
* January 15
** Nathan Söderblom, Swedish archbishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1931)
** Horatio Dresser, American New Thought religious leader and writer (d. 1954)
* January 16 – Percy Pilcher, English inventor and pioneer aviator (d. 1899)
* January 19 – Harry Davenport (actor), Harry Davenport, American actor (d. 1949)
* January 29
** Romain Rolland, French writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1944)
** Frank Tudor, Australian politician (d. 1922)
* February 1 – Agda Meyerson, Swedish nurse and healthcare profession activist (d. 1924)
* February 2 – Enrique Simonet, Spanish painter (d. 1927)
* February 9 – George Ade, American writer, newspaper columnist and playwright (d. 1944)
* February 18 – Janko Vukotić, Montenegrin general (d. 1927)
* February 26 – Herbert Henry Dow, Canadian chemical industrialist (d. 1930)
* March 5 – Arthur Leopold Busch, English-born American submarine pioneer (d. 1956)
* March 7 – Hans Fruhstorfer, German lepidopterist (d. 1922)
* March 15 – Matthew Charlton, Australian politician (d. 1948)
* March 19 – Emilio De Bono, Italian general and fascist activist (d. 1944)
* March 21 – James Harbord, American general (d. 1947)
* April 1 – Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist and composer (d. 1924)
* April 3 – J. B. M. Hertzog, Boer General and 3rd Prime Minister of South Africa (d. 1942)
* April 8 – Alfred Allen (actor), Alfred Allen, American actor (d. 1947)
* April 13 – Butch Cassidy, American outlaw (k. 1908)
* April 14 – Anne Sullivan, American tutor of Helen Keller (d. 1936)
* April 17 – Ernest Starling, English physiologist (d. 1927)
* April 21 – Josefa Toledo de Aguerri, Nicaraguan pioneer educator (d. 1962)
* April 22 – Hans von Seeckt, German general (d. 1936)
* April 24 – Ishii Kikujirō, Japanese diplomat (d. 1945)
* May 10 – Richard H. Jackson, American four-star admiral (d. 1971)
* May 17 – Erik Satie, French composer (d. 1925)
* May 22 – Charles F. Haanel, American New Thought author and businessman (d. 1949)
* June 4 – Miina Sillanpää, Finnish politician (d. 1952)
* June 26
** George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (d. 1923)
** Josef Swickard, German actor (d. 1940)
* July 6 – Charles Mangin, French general (d. 1925)
* July 9 – Macklyn Arbuckle, American actor (d. 1931)
* July 13 – La Goulue, French dancer (d. 1929)
* July 25 – Frederick Blackman, English plant physiologist (d. 1947)
* July 27 – António José de Almeida, 6th President of Portugal and 64th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1929)
* July 28 – Beatrix Potter, English children's author (''Peter Rabbit'' and ''The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck, Jemima Puddle-Duck'') (d. 1943)
* August 2 – Adrien de Gerlache, Belgian naval officer and explorer (d. 1934)
* August 4 – Gheorghe Mărdărescu, Romanian general and politician (d. 1938)
* August 6 – Chief Thunderbird, Native American actor (d. 1946)
* August 8 – Matthew Henson, African-American explorer (d. 1955)
* August 12 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1954)
* August 14 – Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Russian novelist, poet and religious thinker (d. 1941)
* September 1
:* James J. Corbett, American boxer (d. 1933)
:* Thomas F. Woodlock, editor of ''The Wall Street Journal'' and Interstate Commerce Commission commissioner (d. 1945)
* September 7 – Tristan Bernard, French writer (d. 1947)
* September 10 – Jeppe Aakjær, Danish poet and novelist (d. 1930)
* September 16 – Joe Vila, American sportswriter (d. 1934)
* September 21
** Charles Nicolle, French bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1936)
** H. G. Wells, English writer (d. 1946)
* September 22 – Witmer Stone, American ornithologist and botanist (d. 1939)
* September 27 – Eurosia Fabris, Italian Catholic ''Blessed'' (d. 1932)
* September 25 – Thomas Hunt Morgan, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1945)
* October 6
** Reginald Fessenden, Canadian inventor (d. 1932)
** Nina Bang, Danish politician (d. 1928)
* October 12 – Ramsay MacDonald, Scottish Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1937)
* October 29 – Antonio Luna, Filipino general (d. 1899)
* November 3 – Paul Lincke, German composer (d. 1946)
* November 11 – Martha Annie Whiteley, English chemist and mathematician (d. 1956)
* November 12 – Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary (d. 1925)
* November 16 – Cornelia Sorabji, Indian-born lawyer (d. 1954)
* November 28
** Sy Sanborn, American sportswriter (d. 1934)
** David Warfield, American stage actor (d. 1951)
* November 30
** Robert Broom, Scottish paleontologist (d. 1951)
** Andrey Lyapchev, 22nd Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1933)
* December 2 – Constantin Cristescu, Romanian general (d. 1923)
* December 11 - Ada Baker, Australian soprano, singing teacher and vaudeville star (d. 1949)
* December 12 – Alfred Werner, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919)
* December 16 (December 4 O.S.) – Wassily Kandinsky, Russian-born painter (d. 1944)
* December 17 – Kazys Grinius, 5th Prime Minister of Lithuania (d. 1950)
* December 29 – Marie Cahill, American singer and actress (d. 1933)
* July 20 – Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician (b. 1826)
* July 25 – Floride Calhoun, Second Lady of the United States (b. 1792)
* July 29 – Madame Clicquot Ponsardin, French champagne producer (b. 1777)
* August 1 – John Ross, long-serving principal chief of the Cherokee Nation, of natural causes, in Washington D. C. (born 1790 in Cherokee Nation East).
* August 6 – Christian Eric Fahlcrantz, Swedish writer (b. 1790)
* August 20 – Maria De Mattias, Italian Catholic saint (b. 1805)
* August 29 – Tokugawa Iemochi, 14th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan (b. 1846)
* September 4 – Theresa Pulszky, European author (b. 1819)
* September 30 – Per Gustaf Svinhufvud af Qvalstad, Swedo-Finnish treasurer of Tavastia (historical province), Tavastia province, manor host, and paternal grandfather of President P. E. Svinhufvud (b. 1804)
* October 13 – Celadon Leeds Daboll, American merchant and inventor (b. 1818)
* October 18 – Manuel Bulnes, Chilean general and politician, President of Chile (b. 1799)
* November 11 – Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte, Prince Imperial of Mexico (b. 1807)
* November 14 – King Miguel I of Portugal (b. 1802)
* November 26 – Jean-Jacques Willmar, Luxembourg politician (b. 1792)
* December 1 – George Everest, Welsh geodesist (b. 1790)
* December 21 – William J. Fetterman, United States Army officer (b. 1835?)
* December 21 – Mercedes Marín del Solar, Chilean poet, reform educator (b. 1804)
March 13
Events Pre-1600
*624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh.
*1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War.
*1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
– The United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
overwhelmingly passes the Civil Rights Act of 1866, the first federal legislation to protect the rights of African-Americans; U.S. President Andrew Johnson vetoes the bill on March 27, and Congress overrides the veto on April 9.
* March 31 – A total lunar eclipse occurs.
April–June
* April 4 – Alexander II of Russia narrowly escapes an assassination attempt in the city of St Petersburg. * April 8 – The kingdoms of Kingdom of Italy, Italy and Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia form an alliance against the Austrian Empire. * April 10 – The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is founded in New York City by Henry Bergh. * May 2 – Battle of Callao:Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = National seal
, national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...
vian defenders fight the Spanish fleet.
* May 7 – Student Ferdinand Cohen-Blind makes a failed attempt to assassinate Otto von Bismarck in Unter den Linden in Berlin.
* May 10 – London bank Overend, Gurney and Company collapses, precipitating Panic of 1866.
* May 16 – The United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
approves the minting of a nickel 5-cent coin (Nickel (United States coin), nickel), eliminating its predecessor, the half dime.
* May 24 – Battle of Tuyutí: 32,000 soldiers of the Triple Alliance defeat 24,000 Paraguayan soldiers few miles north of the Paraná, Argentina, in the Paraguayan War, with 16,000 casualties.
* May 26 – First production of the comic opera ''Cox and Box'' by F. C. Burnand and Arthur Sullivan at Moray Lodge, Kensington
* May 30 – Bedrich Smetana's comic opera ''The Bartered Bride'' premiered in Prague.
* June 2 – Fenian forces skirmish with Canadian militia at the battles of Battle of Ridgeway, Ridgeway and Battle of Fort Erie (1866), Fort Erie.
* June 5 – Calculations indicate Pluto (not known at this time) reaches its only apsis, aphelion (furthest point from the Sun) between 1618 and August 2113.
* June 8 – The Parliament of Canada meets for the first time in Ottawa.
* June 11 – The Agra High Court is established (later shifted to the Allahabad High Court).
* June 14 – The Austro-Prussian War begins when the Austrians and most of the medium German states declare war on Prussia.
* June 20 – The Kingdom of Italy declares war on Austria.
* June 22 – In Sweden, the Riksdag of the Estates votes to replace itself by an elected two-chamber Riksdag.
* June 27–June 29, 29 – Battle of Langensalza (1866), Battle of Langensalza: The Prussians defeat the Kingdom of Hanover, Hanoverian army.
July–September
* July 3 – Battle of Königgrätz: the Prussian army under Wilhelm I of Germany, King Wilhelm and Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Helmuth von Moltke defeats the Austrian army of Ludwig von Benedek, leading to a decisive Prussian victory in the Austro-Prussian War. * July 5 – Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, Princess Helena, third daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. * July 10 – Reconstruction Treaties, Reconstruction Treaty with Choctaw & Chickasaw, Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom, completing the abolition of slavery in the United States; see also Choctaw freedmen. * July 13 (July 1 Old Style) – The first Constitution of Romania is issued. * July 20 – Naval Battle of Lissa (1866), Battle of Lissa: The Austrian fleet under Wilhelm von Tegetthoff defeats the Italian fleet of Carlo di Persano. * July 24 – Reconstruction Era, Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the United States, Union following the American Civil War. * July 25 – TheUnited States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
passes legislation authorizing the four-star rank of General of the Army (United States)#Post–American Civil War era, General of the Army (later reestablished as a five-star rank); Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to have this rank.
* July 27 – The successfully completes laying the transatlantic telegraph cable between Valentia Island, Ireland, and Heart's Content, Newfoundland and Labrador, Heart's Content, Newfoundland, permanently restoring a communications link.
* July 28 – The ''Metric Act of 1866'' becomes law and legalizes the standardization of weights and measures in the United States.
* August 23 – The Peace of Prague (1866), Treaty of Prague ends the Austro-Prussian War. The Limburg (Netherlands), Duchy of Limburg leaves the German Confederation.
* September – The Great Tea Race of 1866 ends in London, narrowly won by the clipper ship ''Taeping''.
* September 22 – Paraguay successfully Battle of Curupayty, defends Curupayty against the Triple Alliance in the Paraguayan War, killing more than 5,000 while sustaining just about 50 casualties.
October–December
* October 12 – The Treaty of Vienna (1866), Treaty of Vienna ends the war between Austria and Italy; it formalizes the annexation of Venetia (region), Venetia by Italy.
* October 14 – French troops under the command of Rear Admiral Pierre-Gustave Roze land at Ganghwa Island, Korea, as part of French campaign against Korea (1866), a punitive expedition against that kingdom for the execution of French Jesuit priests. It is the first military contact between Korea and a Western force.
* October 22 – The office of State President of the South African Republic is created by constitutional amendment approved at a session of the ''Volksraad''.Archontology.org: A Guide for Study of Historical Offices, South African Republic (Transvaal): Heads of State: 1857–1877(Accessed on 14 April 2017) * November 7 – The Ruse–Varna, Bulgaria, Varna railway line (the first railway in Bulgaria) officially opens. * December 12– Oaks explosion: The worst mining disaster in England kills 383 miners and rescuers. * December 18 – The College of Wooster is founded in Ohio.
Date unknown
* Federalist revolts occur in Argentina. * Alfred Nobel invents dynamite in Germany. * Foundation of the predecessors of Nestlé S.A., the Anglo-Swiss Milk Company and Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé. * The Minneapolis Milling Company, predecessor of General Mills, builds its own mills. * Marcus Jastrow arrives in the United States to become rabbi of Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia. * The recommendations of the state Girls' School Committee of 1866 result in a series of progressive reforms in women's rights in Sweden. * The Famine of 1866–68 begins in Finland. * Erasmus Jacobs discovers the Eureka Diamond near Hopetown on the banks of the Orange River in the Cape of Good Hope. * Magirus, Magirus Kommamditist, as predecessor of a major worldwide Vehicle, commercial vehicles manufacturing brand, Iveco, is founded in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.Births
January–March
* January 13
** George Gurdjieff, Russian spiritual teacher (d. 1949)
** Vasily Kalinnikov, Russian composer (d. 1901)
* January 15
** Nathan Söderblom, Swedish archbishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1931)
** Horatio Dresser, American New Thought religious leader and writer (d. 1954)
* January 16 – Percy Pilcher, English inventor and pioneer aviator (d. 1899)
* January 19 – Harry Davenport (actor), Harry Davenport, American actor (d. 1949)
* January 29
** Romain Rolland, French writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1944)
** Frank Tudor, Australian politician (d. 1922)
* February 1 – Agda Meyerson, Swedish nurse and healthcare profession activist (d. 1924)
* February 2 – Enrique Simonet, Spanish painter (d. 1927)
* February 9 – George Ade, American writer, newspaper columnist and playwright (d. 1944)
* February 18 – Janko Vukotić, Montenegrin general (d. 1927)
* February 26 – Herbert Henry Dow, Canadian chemical industrialist (d. 1930)
* March 5 – Arthur Leopold Busch, English-born American submarine pioneer (d. 1956)
* March 7 – Hans Fruhstorfer, German lepidopterist (d. 1922)
* March 15 – Matthew Charlton, Australian politician (d. 1948)
* March 19 – Emilio De Bono, Italian general and fascist activist (d. 1944)
* March 21 – James Harbord, American general (d. 1947)
April–June
* April 1 – Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist and composer (d. 1924)
* April 3 – J. B. M. Hertzog, Boer General and 3rd Prime Minister of South Africa (d. 1942)
* April 8 – Alfred Allen (actor), Alfred Allen, American actor (d. 1947)
* April 13 – Butch Cassidy, American outlaw (k. 1908)
* April 14 – Anne Sullivan, American tutor of Helen Keller (d. 1936)
* April 17 – Ernest Starling, English physiologist (d. 1927)
* April 21 – Josefa Toledo de Aguerri, Nicaraguan pioneer educator (d. 1962)
* April 22 – Hans von Seeckt, German general (d. 1936)
* April 24 – Ishii Kikujirō, Japanese diplomat (d. 1945)
* May 10 – Richard H. Jackson, American four-star admiral (d. 1971)
* May 17 – Erik Satie, French composer (d. 1925)
* May 22 – Charles F. Haanel, American New Thought author and businessman (d. 1949)
* June 4 – Miina Sillanpää, Finnish politician (d. 1952)
* June 26
** George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (d. 1923)
** Josef Swickard, German actor (d. 1940)
July–September
* July 6 – Charles Mangin, French general (d. 1925)
* July 9 – Macklyn Arbuckle, American actor (d. 1931)
* July 13 – La Goulue, French dancer (d. 1929)
* July 25 – Frederick Blackman, English plant physiologist (d. 1947)
* July 27 – António José de Almeida, 6th President of Portugal and 64th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1929)
* July 28 – Beatrix Potter, English children's author (''Peter Rabbit'' and ''The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck, Jemima Puddle-Duck'') (d. 1943)
* August 2 – Adrien de Gerlache, Belgian naval officer and explorer (d. 1934)
* August 4 – Gheorghe Mărdărescu, Romanian general and politician (d. 1938)
* August 6 – Chief Thunderbird, Native American actor (d. 1946)
* August 8 – Matthew Henson, African-American explorer (d. 1955)
* August 12 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1954)
* August 14 – Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Russian novelist, poet and religious thinker (d. 1941)
* September 1
:* James J. Corbett, American boxer (d. 1933)
:* Thomas F. Woodlock, editor of ''The Wall Street Journal'' and Interstate Commerce Commission commissioner (d. 1945)
* September 7 – Tristan Bernard, French writer (d. 1947)
* September 10 – Jeppe Aakjær, Danish poet and novelist (d. 1930)
* September 16 – Joe Vila, American sportswriter (d. 1934)
* September 21
** Charles Nicolle, French bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1936)
** H. G. Wells, English writer (d. 1946)
* September 22 – Witmer Stone, American ornithologist and botanist (d. 1939)
* September 27 – Eurosia Fabris, Italian Catholic ''Blessed'' (d. 1932)
* September 25 – Thomas Hunt Morgan, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1945)
October–December
* October 6
** Reginald Fessenden, Canadian inventor (d. 1932)
** Nina Bang, Danish politician (d. 1928)
* October 12 – Ramsay MacDonald, Scottish Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1937)
* October 29 – Antonio Luna, Filipino general (d. 1899)
* November 3 – Paul Lincke, German composer (d. 1946)
* November 11 – Martha Annie Whiteley, English chemist and mathematician (d. 1956)
* November 12 – Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary (d. 1925)
* November 16 – Cornelia Sorabji, Indian-born lawyer (d. 1954)
* November 28
** Sy Sanborn, American sportswriter (d. 1934)
** David Warfield, American stage actor (d. 1951)
* November 30
** Robert Broom, Scottish paleontologist (d. 1951)
** Andrey Lyapchev, 22nd Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1933)
* December 2 – Constantin Cristescu, Romanian general (d. 1923)
* December 11 - Ada Baker, Australian soprano, singing teacher and vaudeville star (d. 1949)
* December 12 – Alfred Werner, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919)
* December 16 (December 4 O.S.) – Wassily Kandinsky, Russian-born painter (d. 1944)
* December 17 – Kazys Grinius, 5th Prime Minister of Lithuania (d. 1950)
* December 29 – Marie Cahill, American singer and actress (d. 1933)
Date unknown
* William M. Dalton, American Old West outlaw (d. 1894)Deaths
January–June
* January (date unknown) – Thomas Baldwin Marsh, American religious leader (b. 1799) * January 16 – Phineas Quimby, American physician (b. 1802) * January 19 – Harriet Ludlow Clarke, British artist * January 23 – Thomas Love Peacock, English satirist (b. 1785) * January 31 – Friedrich Rückert, German poet, translator and professor of Oriental languages (b. 1788) * February 25 – Sarah Ann Gill, Barbadian national heroine (b. 1795) * March 4 – Alexander Campbell (clergyman), Alexander Campbell, Irish/U.S. founder of the Disciples of Christ (b. 1788) * March 6 – William Whewell, English scientist, philosopher and historian of science (b. 1794) * March 20 – Rikard Nordraak, Norwegian composer (b. 1842) * March 21 – Nadezhda Durova, first female Russian military officer (b. 1783) * March 24 – Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily, Queen of France (b. 1782) * March 28 – Solomon Foot, American politician (b. 1802) * March 29 – John Keble, British churchman (b. 1792) * April 1 – Elizabeth Jesser Reid, English social reformer, founder of Bedford College (London), Bedford College (b. 1789) * April 4 – William Dick (veterinarian), William Dick, founder of Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh Veterinary College (b. 1793) * April 5 – Thomas Hodgkin, British physician (b. 1798) * April 7 – Johann Sedlatzek, German flautist (b. 1789) * April 12 – Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, English Member of Parliament and developer (b. 1801) * May 13 – Nikolai Brashman, Russian mathematician of Czech origin (b. 1796) * May 29 – Winfield Scott, American general and presidential candidate (b. 1786) * June 7 – Chief Sealth, Native American for whom Seattle is named (b. c. 1786) * June 17 – Lewis Cass, American military officer, politician, and statesman (b. 1782)July–December
* July 20 – Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician (b. 1826)
* July 25 – Floride Calhoun, Second Lady of the United States (b. 1792)
* July 29 – Madame Clicquot Ponsardin, French champagne producer (b. 1777)
* August 1 – John Ross, long-serving principal chief of the Cherokee Nation, of natural causes, in Washington D. C. (born 1790 in Cherokee Nation East).
* August 6 – Christian Eric Fahlcrantz, Swedish writer (b. 1790)
* August 20 – Maria De Mattias, Italian Catholic saint (b. 1805)
* August 29 – Tokugawa Iemochi, 14th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan (b. 1846)
* September 4 – Theresa Pulszky, European author (b. 1819)
* September 30 – Per Gustaf Svinhufvud af Qvalstad, Swedo-Finnish treasurer of Tavastia (historical province), Tavastia province, manor host, and paternal grandfather of President P. E. Svinhufvud (b. 1804)
* October 13 – Celadon Leeds Daboll, American merchant and inventor (b. 1818)
* October 18 – Manuel Bulnes, Chilean general and politician, President of Chile (b. 1799)
* November 11 – Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte, Prince Imperial of Mexico (b. 1807)
* November 14 – King Miguel I of Portugal (b. 1802)
* November 26 – Jean-Jacques Willmar, Luxembourg politician (b. 1792)
* December 1 – George Everest, Welsh geodesist (b. 1790)
* December 21 – William J. Fetterman, United States Army officer (b. 1835?)
* December 21 – Mercedes Marín del Solar, Chilean poet, reform educator (b. 1804)
Date unknown
*Du Bois Agett, early settler of Western Australia (b. 1796)References
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