Felix Römer
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Felix Römer (born 1978) is a German historian who specialises in the history of World War II. He has conducted pioneering research into the implementation of the
Commissar Order The Commissar Order (german: Kommissarbefehl) was an order issued by the German High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, OKW) on 6 June 1941 before Operation Barbarossa. Its official name was Guidelines for the Treatment of Political Commissars ...
by combat formations of the Wehrmacht and the attitudes of German soldiers based on the surreptitiously recorded conversations of prisoners of war held in Fort Hunt, Virginia, United States.


Education and career

Römer was born in 1978 in Hamburg, West Germany.Profile
the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz web site He studied history and literature at the University of Kiel and the University of Lyon. From 2004 to 2007, he worked on his doctoral thesis with funding from the . His research project focused on the
Commissar Order The Commissar Order (german: Kommissarbefehl) was an order issued by the German High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, OKW) on 6 June 1941 before Operation Barbarossa. Its official name was Guidelines for the Treatment of Political Commissars ...
and its implementation by formations of the Wehrmacht down to the divisional level during Operation Barbarossa, the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union. He earned his PhD from the University of Kiel in 2007. From 2007 to 2012, Römer worked as a research associate in the project headed by Sönke Neitzel of the History Department at the University of Mainz focused on war perception and collective biography. This project led to the publication of ''Soldaten: On Fighting, Killing and Dying: The Secret WWII Transcripts of German POWs'' by Neitzel and
Harald Welzer Harald Welzer (born 27 July 1958, Wedemark) is a German social psychologist. He studied sociology, psychology and literature at the University of Hannover. He has been a professor of transformation design at the University of Flensburg since 201 ...
in 2011. For this project Römer compiled 100,000 pages of comprehensive documentary material from the interrogation camp at Fort Hunt, Virginia, where about 3,000 German
POW A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610. Belligerents hold prisoners of war ...
s were both interviewed formally and surreptitiously recorded while held there from 1942 to 1945. Based on this research, Römer published ''Kameraden – Die Wehrmacht von innen.'' (''Comrades: The Wehrmacht from Within'') in 2012. From 2012 to 2019 Römer was a researcher at the
German Historical Institute London The German Historical Institute London (GHIL) is one of the nine independent academic research institutes of the German Historical Institute (german: Deutsche Historische Institute) that are part of the Max Weber Foundation. Foundation The cre ...
. Since 2019 he is working at the Humboldt University in Berlin.


Research on the Commissar Order

Römer's book on the Commissar Order, published in 2008 in German as ''Der Kommissarbefehl. Wehrmacht und NS-Verbrechen an der Ostfront 1941/42'' (''The Commissar Order: The Wehrmacht and the Nazi Crimes on the Eastern Front, 1941–1942''), was the first complete account of the implementation of the order by the combat formations of the Wehrmacht. Römer's research shows that 116 out of 137 German divisions on the Eastern Front filed reports detailing the killing of the Red Army's political commissars. As a result of the order, by May 1942, a total of at least 3,430 and possibly as many as 4,000 Commissars were murdered by regular Wehrmacht soldiers after surrendering. Römer finds that the records "prove that Hitler's generals had executed his murderous orders without scruples or hesitations", contrary to the myth of a "clean" Wehrmacht. Historian Wolfram Wette, reviewing the book, notes that the sporadic objections to the order were merely pragmatic and that its cancellation in 1942 was "not a return to morality, but an opportunistic course correction". Wette concludes:
The Commissar Order, which has always had a particularly strong influence on the image of the Wehrmacht because of its obviously criminal character, has finally been clarified. Once again the observation has confirmed itself: the deeper the research penetrates into the military history, the gloomier the picture becomes.


''Kameraden''

Römer's 2012 book ''Kameraden'' was based on the surreptitiously recorded conversations of German prisoners of war held in Fort Hunt, United States. Like ''Soldaten'' by Neitzel and Welzer, Römer's book finds that soldiers were not simply "ideological warriors" in the National Socialist mold. "But this does not mean that the soldiers had no opinions", Römer states. The majority continued to support Hitler and the German war effort until the last year of the war. The book also finds that racism and
anti-Semitism Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism. Antis ...
were widespread. The younger soldiers, those of the Hitler Youth generation who grew up during the Nazi regime, believed in a victory for longer than older soldiers who had grown up in the German Empire or the Weimar Republic. National Socialist socialization thus becomes apparent, according to Römer's research. A small group of POWs, who Römer identified as having a "fanatical worldview", even boasted of war crimes. The murder of the Jews was an "open secret" among the soldiers. While there were some supporters of the killing of Jews, the majority rejected this approach. For most of the soldiers there were apparently limits. The book finds these included violence against women and children or against defenseless Soviet POWs. But in the reality of the war, Römer concludes, the group dynamics were often stronger than moral scruples.


Selected works


In English

* * Römer, Felix (2019). ''Comrades. The Wehrmacht from within.'' Oxford University Press, .


In German

*''Der Kommissarbefehl. Wehrmacht und NS-Verbrechen an der Ostfront 1941/42''. Schöningh, Paderborn 2008, *''Kameraden. Die Wehrmacht von innen''. Munich: Piper Verlag. 2012. . * ''Alfred Andersch desertiert. Fahnenflucht und Literatur (1944–1952)''. Verbrecher Verlag, Berlin 2015. With and Rolf Seubert


Notes


References

* * * *


Further reading

* *


External links

* (In German) {{DEFAULTSORT:Römer, Felix Living people 1978 births German military historians Historians of World War II German male non-fiction writers 20th-century German historians Writers from Hamburg