Fangcheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County
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Fangchenggang ( ''The port of Fangcheng'') is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. The city was formerly called "Fangcheng Pan-Ethnicities Autonomous County" (25 December 1978 – 23 May 1993). Fangcheng is the southernmost port in China and is located in Fangchenggang. It primarily services bulk carriers, of up to 180,000 deadweight tonnes in size. The closest airport is located in
Nanning Nanning (; ; za, Namzningz) is the capital and largest city by population of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southern China. It is known as the "Green City" because of its abundance of lush subtropical foliage. Located in the South of ...
, about 170 km away (4 hours drive). As of December 2018, the region had large amounts of land reclamation in progress to build new and additional ports.


History


Geography and Climate

Fangchenggang is a coastal city in southern Guangxi, bordering Vietnam. Its area is , of that urban.


Administration

Fangchenggang has 2 urban districts, 1 county, 1 county-level city, 19 townships, 13 towns, 283 villages, and 19 sub-districts. Districts: *
Gangkou District Gangkou (; Zhuang language: ) is a district of the city of Fangchenggang, Guangxi Guangxi (; ; Chinese postal romanization, alternately romanized as Kwanghsi; ; za, Gvangjsih, italics=yes), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (G ...
() *
Fangcheng District Fangcheng (; Zhuang language: ) is a district of the city of Fangchenggang, Guangxi Guangxi (; ; Chinese postal romanization, alternately romanized as Kwanghsi; ; za, Gvangjsih, italics=yes), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region ...
() County-level city: * Dongxing () County: *
Shangsi County Shangsi County (; za, Sangswh Yen) is a county in the southwest of Guangxi, China. It is the northernmost county-level division The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since ancient times, due to China's lar ...
()


Demographics

Fangchenggang has a total population of 717,966. Ethnic groups and their corresponding numbers are
Han Han may refer to: Ethnic groups * Han Chinese, or Han People (): the name for the largest ethnic group in China, which also constitutes the world's largest ethnic group. ** Han Taiwanese (): the name for the ethnic group of the Taiwanese p ...
390,286 or 54.36%, Zhuang 287,207 or 40% Yao 26,749 or 3.73%, Jing 12,288 or 1.71% and all other minorities combined 1,436 or 0.02%. Population density is 116 people per km2 and population growth is 7.75% annually. Fangchenggang is a linguistically diverse city. The local languages include Qin-Lian Yue(a branch of Yue or Cantonese), Hakka, Zhuang, Yao, Vietnamese, of which the most dominant language is Yue.


Economy

Fanchenggang, the last part of which "gang" means port is as its name implies an important port for Guangxi, and other than
Beihai Beihai (; Postal romanization: Pakhoi) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi, People's Republic of China. Its status as a seaport on the north shore of the Gulf of Tonkin has granted it historical importance as a port of internation ...
the only major Chinese port on the
Tonkin Gulf The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of . It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern c ...
. Besides port related industries there is substantial tourism, commercial fishing, hydropower, food and beverage production, and agriculture. Agricultural products include rice, corn, peanuts, oranges, and sugarcane. Other natural resources are coal, limestone, and spring water. The first phase of
Fangchenggang Nuclear Power Plant Fangchenggang Nuclear Power Plant (), also known as Fangchenggang Hongsha Nuclear Power Plant ( 防城港红沙核电站 ), is a nuclear power plant in Fangchenggang, near Hongshacun Village ( 红沙村 ), autonomous region of Guangxi (Guangxi Z ...
, a
nuclear power plant A nuclear power plant (NPP) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical of thermal power stations, heat is used to generate steam that drives a steam turbine connected to a electric generator, generato ...
project is under construction here. Fangchenggang is served by a railway branch from Qinzhou East through a half an hour train journey and to Nanning, a one and a half hour train ride. Since the end of 2013, the city's Fangchenggang North Railway Station has high-speed (D-series) train service from
Nanning Nanning (; ; za, Namzningz) is the capital and largest city by population of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southern China. It is known as the "Green City" because of its abundance of lush subtropical foliage. Located in the South of ...
. As of March 2019, there were two trains daily (T type) to Qinzhou and 9 trains (D type) daily to Nanning railway station.Fangchenggang North train schedule
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Flora and fauna

Like much of Guangxi, there are many forested mountains and stream filled valleys. The area along the border with Vietnam is relatively undeveloped and draws considerable tourism. Fangchenggang's forests contain more than 500 types of plants, more than 4000 medicinal plants and herbs, 25 species of mammals, and many species of insects, reptiles, amphibians, and birds. Many nationally protected animals can still be found in Fangchenggang such as
gibbons Gibbons may refer to: * The plural of gibbon, an ape in the family Hylobatidae * Gibbons (surname) * Gibbons, Alberta * Gibbons (automobile), a British light car of the 1920s * Gibbons P.C., a leading American law firm headquartered in New Jersey ...
, frogs,
butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...
, and tortoises. In the ocean waters, whales, dolphins, and dugongs can be seen. The city flower of Fangchenggang '' Camellia nitidissima'' (金花茶, lit. 'gloden flower tea', Mandarin: ''Jīnhuāchá'', Fangcheng Yue: ɐm˦˥ fa˦˥ tɕʰa˧˩ Fangcheng Hakka: im˦˥ fa˦˥ tɕʰa˩˧), which is and a kind of quite rare Camellia plant only attribute in the area near the border between Vietnam and Guangxi. The flowers of ''Camellia nitidissima'' are made as bagged dryed flowers for making tea and sell as a local specialty.


Culture


Tea-picking opera

Mandarin Chinese: 採茶戲; pinyin: Cǎichá Xì; Fangcheng Yue dialect: 採茶 ɕʰɔj˩˧.tɕʰa˨˩
Fangcheng Hakka dialect Fangcheng may refer to: Places in China * Fangcheng County (方城县), of Nanyang, Henan *Fangcheng District Fangcheng (; Zhuang language: ) is a district of the city of Fangchenggang, Guangxi Guangxi (; ; Chinese postal romanization, al ...
:  採茶 ɕʰɔj˨˩.tɕʰa˩˧/small>
Tea-picking opera A Tea-picking opera () is a form of musical entertainment. It originally derived from the tea-growing region around Mount Jiulong in the South of Jiangxi Province in China, where the tea pickers would sing lengthy songs to each other whilst undert ...
is the most popular traditional Chinese opera in Fangchenggang, in some grant occasions, celebrations and events such as fuels, traditionally the organizers of those will hire a Tea-picking opera theatre company to perform. Opera theatre also perform on a provisional and simple stage held by themselves on the side of streets, those locations are often fixedly chosen. Nowadays, tea-picking opera actors generally speak Fangcheng Yue dialect in performances, but not entirely, they always consciously or unconsciously make their pronunciation approach to
Guangzhou Cantonese Cantonese ( zh, t=廣東話, s=广东话, first=t, cy=Gwóngdūng wá) is a language within the Varieties of Chinese, Chinese (Sinitic) branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages originating from the city of Guangzhou (historically known as Canton) an ...
, the standard and authoritative dialect to Cantonese.


Cuisine


Notable people

Chén Jìtáng (陳濟棠)


References


External links


Official Website (Chinese)
{{authority control Cities in Guangxi Prefecture-level divisions of Guangxi Gulf of Tonkin