Famatina is a town in the

province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman '' provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...

La Rioja La Rioja () is an autonomous community and province in Spain, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Its capital is Logroño. Other cities and towns in the province include Calahorra, Arnedo, Alfaro, Haro, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, an ...

, Argentina. It has 6,371 inhabitants as per the , and is the only municipality in the Famatina Department. Located in fertile valley between Sierra de Famatina and Sierra de Velasco Famatina's economy revolve around

jojoba Jojoba (; botanical name: ''Simmondsia chinensis'')also commonly called goat nut, deer nut, pignut, wild hazel, quinine nut, coffeeberry, and gray box bushis native to the Southwestern United States. ''Simmondsia chinensis'' is the sole specie ...

and olive agriculture and tourism. The town developed from a

pre-Hispanic In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era spans from the original settlement of North and South America in the Upper Paleolithic period through European colonization, which began with Christopher Columbus's voyage of 1492. Usually, th ...

settlement in the

Inca Empire The Inca Empire (also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire), called ''Tawantinsuyu'' by its subjects, ( Quechua for the "Realm of the Four Parts", "four parts together" ) was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The adm ...

, and whose indigenous inhabitants have been recognised as

Diaguita The Diaguita people are a group of South American indigenous people native to the Chilean Norte Chico and the Argentine Northwest. Western or Chilean Diaguitas lived mainly in the Transverse Valleys which incised in a semi-arid environment. Ea ...

s. The site of Famatina was first explored by Spaniards in 1592 when Juan Ramírez de Velazco arrived during his search for gold.

Osisko Mining Corporation in Famatina

Osisko Mining Corporation, based in Montreal, Canada, signed an agreement in August 2011 with La Rioja’s state mining corporation “Energia y Minerales Sociedad del Estado”(ESME) to develop the Famatina gold project. This project would cover an area of 40 km² in the Famatina Mountain Range. Osisko agreed to pay US$500 000 to ESME within 15 days of the signing and invest $US 10 million within the first year of exploration. The terms also stated the division of profits from the project; 70% for Osisko, 30% for ESME.

Politics

Provincial Governor Luis Beder Herrera was elected in March 2007 on an anti-mining platform. In 2008 however, Provincial Governor Luis Beder Herrera supported the repealing of the Provincial Laws Nº 8137 & 8138, passed in 2007, which banned open-pit mineral mining and the use of cyanide, mercury and any other contaminant in mining activities in La Rioja. He is a supporter of Osisko’s project. The Mayor of Famatina, Ismael Bardogaray, strongly opposes Osisko’s presence in Famatina and the development of any mining activity for the region. In January 2012, he contacted the President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner for support to no avail.

Protests

Residents of Famatina began to protest in August 2011, when the agreement for development was signed. On January 2, 2012, residents initiated a roadblock to prevent the Osisko Mining Corporation from accessing the mountain range, anticipating the exploration activities which were scheduled to begin on January 16, 2012. Despite intimidation tactics used by Provincial Governor Luis Beder Herrera, the demonstrators stood their ground until Osisko suspended the project on January 30, 2012. Protesters, including the Mayor of Famatina, Ismael Bardogaray, the local Priest, and an estimated 50% of Famatina’s population of roughly 7000, expressed their concern regarding the depletion and pollution of their scarce water resources and massive environmental destruction, common outcomes of open-pit gold mines which use the gold cyanidation process. Protesters were not interested in negotiating royalties. “The people of Famatina do not see mining as a development option for our region”, stated Bardogaray. Demonstrations in support of the people of Famatina erupted across the country. In Buenos Aires, hundreds protested around the Obelisk (the national monument), and in front of the Canadian Embassy. In the capital of La Rioja, 10 000 people gathered before the Provincial Government House, demanding the cancellation of the Famatina Project, or the resignation of Beder Herrera otherwise.

Repression and Black List

On December 16, 2011, representatives of the Osisko Mining Corporation accidentally left behind files following a meeting with members of the municipal government. These files were identified to be a “black list”, or list of names of people actively involved in the opposition to the mining project. The list included information such as their age and profession, and whether they were ‘leaders’ or ‘protagonists’ of the opposition. Following the discovery of the list, Osisko representatives maintained that they had the “right to adequate information for decision-making” and that the information on the list was required for “transparency”. In response to the roadblock in January, Governor Beder Herrera sent in a local police squad, which did not engage in repressive action on the protesters. Beder Herrera then sent a specialized anti-riot squad. This prompted Nobel Laureate Adolfo Perez Esquivel to write the governor a letter reminding him of the population’s right to protest and warning him against the use of repression.

Suspension

On January 30, 2012, the Osisko Mining Corporation announced that they would suspend exploration activities due to “community protests and media reports and requests.” In a press release, Osisko denied claims of a “ mega-mining” project, and explained that the project is not a mining project, but an exploration project at this point. The press release stated: “If there is no social license for exploration and development around the Famatina project area, no work will be conducted.” Osisko also stressed their commitment to socially and environmentally sound exploration methods. They are planning a community consultation program and hope to reassure residents of Famatina about the potential environmental and economic impacts a mining project in their area could have.

References