In
baseball
Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding t ...
, a fair ball is a
batted ball that entitles the
batter to attempt to reach
first base. By contrast, a
foul ball is a batted ball that does not entitle the batter to attempt to reach first base. Whether a batted ball is fair or foul is determined by the location of the ball at the appropriate reference point, as follows:
* if the ball leaves the playing field without touching anything, the point where the ball leaves the field;
* otherwise, if the ball first lands past first or
third base
A third baseman, abbreviated 3B, is the player in baseball or softball whose responsibility is to defend the area nearest to third base — the third of four bases a baserunner must touch in succession to score a run. In the scoring system us ...
without touching anything, the point where the ball lands;
* otherwise, if the ball rolls or bounces past first or third base without touching anything other than the ground, the point where the ball passes the base;
* otherwise, if the ball touches anything other than the ground (such as an umpire, a player, or any equipment left on the field) before any of the above happens, the point of such touching;
* otherwise, (the ball comes to a rest before reaching first or third base), the point where the ball comes to a rest.
If any part of the ball is on or above fair territory at the appropriate reference point, it is fair; otherwise, it is foul. Fair territory or fair ground is defined as the area of the
playing field
Play is a range of intrinsically motivated activities done for recreational pleasure and enjoyment. Play is commonly associated with children and juvenile-level activities, but may be engaged in at any life stage, and among other higher-functio ...
between the two foul lines, and includes the
foul lines themselves and the
foul poles.
However, certain exceptions exist:
* A ball that touches first, second, or third base is always fair.
* Under Rule 5.09(a)(7)-(8), if a batted ball touches the batter or his bat while the batter is in the batter's box and not intentionally interfering with the course of the ball, the ball is foul.
* A ball that hits the foul pole without first having touched anything else off the bat is fair.
*
Ground rules may provide whether a ball hitting specific objects (e.g. roof, overhead speaker) is fair or foul.
On a fair ball, the batter attempts to reach first base or any subsequent base,
runners attempt to advance and
fielders try to record
outs
In baseball, an out occurs when the umpire rules a batter or baserunner out. When a batter or runner is out, they lose their ability to score a run and must return to the dugout until their next turn at bat. When three outs are recorded in a ha ...
. A fair ball is considered a
live ball until the ball becomes
dead
Death is the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain an organism. For organisms with a brain, death can also be defined as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the whole brain, including brainstem, and brain ...
by leaving the field or any other method.
References
Baseball rules
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