FIDE World Chess Championships (1998–2004)
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

The FIDE World Chess Championships from 1998 till 2004 followed a similar knockout format, radically different from previous
World Chess Championship The World Chess Championship is played to determine the world champion in chess. The current world champion is Magnus Carlsen of Norway, who has held the title since 2013. The first event recognized as a world championship was the World Chess ...
events. Previous events had had long qualifying cycles, spread over more than a year, culminating in a long match (best of 20 or 24 games) between the incumbent champion and a challenger. From 1998 to 2004, however,
FIDE The International Chess Federation or World Chess Federation, commonly referred to by its French acronym FIDE ( Fédération Internationale des Échecs), is an international organization based in Switzerland that connects the various national c ...
organised its World Championship as a single event over about a month, with many players playing short knockout matches, rather in the style of a
tennis Tennis is a racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball ...
tournament such as
Wimbledon Wimbledon most often refers to: * Wimbledon, London, a district of southwest London * Wimbledon Championships, the oldest tennis tournament in the world and one of the four Grand Slam championships Wimbledon may also refer to: Places London * ...
.


Background

From 1948 to 1993, the world chess championship had been administered by
FIDE The International Chess Federation or World Chess Federation, commonly referred to by its French acronym FIDE ( Fédération Internationale des Échecs), is an international organization based in Switzerland that connects the various national c ...
, the international chess federation. In 1993, the World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov split from
FIDE The International Chess Federation or World Chess Federation, commonly referred to by its French acronym FIDE ( Fédération Internationale des Échecs), is an international organization based in Switzerland that connects the various national c ...
and formed a rival organisation, the Professional Chess Association. FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title, meaning there were now two rival championships: the FIDE title, held by Anatoly Karpov, and the PCA title, held by Kasparov. Karpov and Kasparov had successfully defended their titles at the
FIDE World Chess Championship 1996 The FIDE World Chess Championship 1996 was a chess tournament held by FIDE to determine the World Chess Champion. Background At the time the World Chess Champion title was split. In 1993, Nigel Short had qualified via FIDE's usual format to meet ...
and
PCA World Chess Championship 1995 The Classical World Chess Championship 1995, known at the time as the PCA World Chess Championship 1995, was held from September 10, 1995, to October 16, 1995, on the 107th floor of the South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. Garry ...
respectively. From 1948 until 1996, World Chess Championships had followed a similar pattern: a series of qualifying tournaments and matches were held over more than a year, culminating in the
Candidates Tournament The Candidates Tournament (or in some periods Candidates Matches) is a chess tournament organized by FIDE, chess's international governing body, since 1950, as the final contest to determine the challenger for the World Chess Championship. The wi ...
. The winner of the Candidates tournament was the official challenger for the world title and would play the incumbent champion in a match for the world championship. (The 1996 cycle was an exception. The incumbent world champion participated in the Candidates tournament as a seeded semi-finalist.) In 1997, FIDE president Kirsan Ilyumzhinov proposed a completely new structure: a knockout tournament, consisting of two game matches (slightly longer in the final rounds), with match tie-breakers using rapid chess and blitz chess if necessary. This format had been done before in tournaments, but never at the world championship level.


Controversies

The advantages of the new format were: * It avoided a long cycle and was all over in a month or so. This is could all be done in the one venue, it would not have the scheduling problems which had beset some previous world championship cycles. Each round could be played in 3 days (one day for each normal time control game, and one for the tie breaks). * More players (up to 128) could be included. * There were no special privileges for the incumbent champion or seeded players (although some were preserved in the earlier championships, these were completely eliminated later on). Opponents pointed out the disadvantages of the format: * Short matches (only two games in the earlier rounds) left too much to chance - the stronger player could blunder a game, and it would be difficult to recover from a bad start. (Many world championship and Candidates matches had been won by the player who recovered from an early loss). * The rapid playoffs were also seen to be left too much to chance: strength in rapid chess is not the same as strength in chess with normal time controls. * These first two considerations, taken together, meant there was a very high chance that the best player would not win, or even that a complete outsider might win, opponents argued. * Some people felt that the tradition of the champion being seeded into the final should be preserved so that a new champion can only be champion by defeating the old champion. In declining to participate, Garry Kasparov wrote, "''In Chess, the tradition of playing for the official WORLD TITLE is 111 years old and recognises the age-old tradition of a match between the HOLDER of the title and the CHALLENGER. Tradition dictates that this challenge is made in a serious manner with a full series of matches. The format being suggested flies directly in the face of tradition and unfortunately trivialises the World Title.''" Despite winning the first event, Anatoly Karpov expressed his unhappiness with the use of rapid tiebreaks, comparing it to using a 100 metre race as a tiebreak for a
marathon The marathon is a long-distance foot race with a distance of , usually run as a road race, but the distance can be covered on trail routes. The marathon can be completed by running or with a run/walk strategy. There are also wheelchair div ...
.


Prominent non-participants

* Kasparov, holder of the rival PCA/Classical World title until 2000, did not recognise the FIDE title and did not play in any of five events. * Likewise
Vladimir Kramnik Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik (russian: Влади́мир Бори́сович Кра́мник; born 25 June 1975) is a Russian chess grandmaster. He was the Classical World Chess Champion from 2000 to 2006, and the undisputed World Chess Cha ...
, after winning Kasparov's title in 2000, did not play in the FIDE events after 2000. * In 1997-98, Kramnik declined for a different reason, in protest against Karpov being seeded into the final. * In 1999 Karpov declined to play because the FIDE champion had always been seeded into the final or semi-final, but he was required to enter at the second round. Karpov didn't play in subsequent events either, but by then he was semi-retired from top-level chess. * In 1999, Anand did not play because he was expecting to play a match against Kasparov for the Classical World Chess Championship 2000 - a match which did not eventuate. * A number of players refused to play in 2004 due to it being in Libya. See
FIDE World Chess Championship 2004 The FIDE World Chess Championship 2004 was held at the Almahary Hotel in Tripoli, Libya, from June 18 to July 13, 2004. It was won by Rustam Kasimdzhanov, who beat Michael Adams in the final by a score of 4½–3½. He won about US$100,000 and ...


History


FIDE World Chess Championship 1998

The first knockout tournament was held at the end of 1997. In addition to the new format, it was proposed by Ilyumzhinov as a way to unify the two rival world titles. To do this, FIDE champion Karpov and PCA champion Kasparov were each to be seeded into the semi-finals. Kasparov did not want to defend his title under these circumstances and declined his invitation. The format was then modified to have FIDE champion Karpov seeded directly into the final. All of the tournament except the final was held in
Groningen Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of the northern part of t ...
in December 1997. There were seven rounds. There were a few less than 128 players, with some players seeded into the second round. The first six rounds consisted of two normal time control games, plus tiebreaks. The seventh-round (the semi-final) consisted of four normal time control games, plus tiebreaks. The semi-final was between
Viswanathan Anand Viswanathan "Vishy" Anand (born 11 December 1969) is an Indian chess grandmaster and a former five-time World Chess Champion. He became the first grandmaster from India in 1988, and is one of the few players to have surpassed an Elo rating of ...
and Michael Adams, and was won by Anand. Anand then played Karpov in the final in January 1998. The final was best of 6 normal time control games, and this was drawn 3-3. Karpov then won the rapid playoff, becoming the 1998 FIDE World Chess Champion. There were criticisms that Anand never really had a chance because Karpov was much fresher than Anand, who had only three days between his match with Adams and the match with Karpov, while Karpov automatically qualified for the final.


FIDE World Chess Championship 1999

The 1999 tournament was held in
Las Vegas Las Vegas (; Spanish for "The Meadows"), often known simply as Vegas, is the 25th-most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County. The city anchors the Las Vegas ...
, in July and August 1999. Karpov was not seeded into the final and refused to participate. Kasparov again refused to take part, and famously said that most of the participants were "tourists". The event was won by
Alexander Khalifman Alexander Valeryevich Khalifman (russian: Алекса́ндр Вале́рьевич Халифма́н; born 18 January 1966) is a Russian chess player and writer. Awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1990, he was FIDE World Chess Ch ...
. Khalifman was rated 44th in the world at the time, which some compared unfavourably to PCA champion Kasparov being rated #1. Khalifman said after the tournament, ''"Rating system works perfectly for players who play only in round-robin closed events. I think most of them are overrated. Organizers invite same people over and over because they have the same rating and their rating stays high."'' Perhaps in response, Khalifman was invited to the next Linares chess tournament, and performed creditably (though placing below joint winner Kasparov).


FIDE World Chess Championship 2000

This event was played in November–December 2000.
Vladimir Kramnik Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik (russian: Влади́мир Бори́сович Кра́мник; born 25 June 1975) is a Russian chess grandmaster. He was the Classical World Chess Champion from 2000 to 2006, and the undisputed World Chess Cha ...
had recently defeated Kasparov for Kasparov's world title (see Classical World Chess Championship 2000), and neither of these players took part. The event was won in convincing fashion by Anand, who only had to rely on a rapid playoff once. This was the first time the top-rated player had won the event (in 1997-98 Anand was top-rated, followed by Karpov).


FIDE World Chess Championship 2002

This event was won by Ruslan Ponomariov.World Chess Championship 2001-02 FIDE Knockout Matches
Mark Weeks' Chess Pages


FIDE World Chess Championship 2004

The event was won by
Rustam Kasimdzhanov Rustam Kasimdzhanov; russian: Рустам Касымджанов (born 5 December 1979) is an Uzbek chess grandmaster and former FIDE World Champion (2004-05). He was Asian champion in 1998. In addition to his tournament play, Kasimdzhan ...
.


Change of the format

FIDE abandoned the knockout format in 2005, instead running the
FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 The FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 took place in Potrero de los Funes, San Luis Province in Argentina from September 27 to October 16, 2005. It was won by Veselin Topalov. Background In the face of criticism of the knockout FIDE World Chess ...
as an 8 player, double round-robin tournament. However, FIDE still held a 2005 knockout tournament called the "
FIDE World Cup The FIDE World Cup refers to three different events over the years. Since 2000, it has been a major chess event organized by FIDE, the International Chess Federation. Since 2005, it has been a 128-player single-elimination chess tournament, formi ...
", as the first stage of qualification for the
FIDE World Chess Championship 2007 The World Chess Championship 2007 was held in Mexico City, from 12 September 2007 to 30 September 2007 to decide the world champion of the game of chess. It was an eight-player, double round robin tournament. Viswanathan Anand of India won the t ...
. It roughly fills the place of the old Interzonal tournaments, with the top 10 placegetters qualifying for the 2007
Candidates Tournament The Candidates Tournament (or in some periods Candidates Matches) is a chess tournament organized by FIDE, chess's international governing body, since 1950, as the final contest to determine the challenger for the World Chess Championship. The wi ...
.


Aftermath

The world championship was eventually reunified in 2006, when classical champion
Vladimir Kramnik Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik (russian: Влади́мир Бори́сович Кра́мник; born 25 June 1975) is a Russian chess grandmaster. He was the Classical World Chess Champion from 2000 to 2006, and the undisputed World Chess Cha ...
(who had defeated Garry Kasparov in 2000) defeated the winner of the
FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 The FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 took place in Potrero de los Funes, San Luis Province in Argentina from September 27 to October 16, 2005. It was won by Veselin Topalov. Background In the face of criticism of the knockout FIDE World Chess ...
, Veselin Topalov. Since then the championship has been decided, as before, in a final match between the defending champion and a challenger decided by the
Candidates Tournament The Candidates Tournament (or in some periods Candidates Matches) is a chess tournament organized by FIDE, chess's international governing body, since 1950, as the final contest to determine the challenger for the World Chess Championship. The wi ...
.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fide World Chess Championships 1998-2004 *FIDE World Chess Championship 1998-2004