Erythroxylum

''Erythroxylum'' (''Erythroxylon'') is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the substance cocaine,Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. ''Journal of ethnopharmacology''. 2006; 103: 439-447. and two of the species within this genus, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense'', both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'' (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine.

''Erythroxylum'' species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several '' Morpho'' species and ''Dalcera abrasa'', which has been recorded on ''E. deciduum'', and the species of '' Agrias''.

Species

, Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species:

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*''Erythroxylum acrobeles'' {{small, W.A.Gentner
*''Erythroxylum acuminatum'' {{small, Ruiz & Pav.
*''Erythroxylum acutum'' {{small, W.A.Gentner
*''Erythroxylum affine'' {{small, A.St.-Hil.
*''Erythroxylum alaternifolium'' {{small, A.Rich.
*''Erythroxylum amazonicum'' {{small, Peyr.
*''Erythroxylum amplifolium'' {{small, Baill.
*'' Erythroxylum amplum'' {{small, Benth.
*''Erythroxylum ampullaceum'' {{small, Baker
*'' Erythroxylum anceps'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum andrei'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum angelicae'' {{small, Loiola
*''Erythroxylum anguifugum'' {{small, Mart.
*''Erythroxylum annamense'' {{small, Tardieu
*''Erythroxylum apiculatum'' {{small, Diogo
*''Erythroxylum areolatum'' {{small, L.
*'' Erythroxylum argentinum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum armatum'' {{small, Oviedo & Borhidi
*''Erythroxylum arrojadoi'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum australe'' {{small, F.Muell.
*'' Erythroxylum ayrtonianum'' {{small, Loiola & M.F.Sales
*'' Erythroxylum badium'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum banaoense'' {{small, Oviedo
*'' Erythroxylum bangii'' {{small, Rusby
*''Erythroxylum baracoense'' {{small, Borhidi
*'' Erythroxylum barbatum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum bequaertii'' {{small, Standl.
*'' Erythroxylum betulaceum'' {{small, Mart.
*'' Erythroxylum bezerrae'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum bicolor'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum boinense'' {{small, H.Perrier
*'' Erythroxylum boivinianum'' {{small, Baill.
*''Erythroxylum bradeanum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum brennae'' {{small, D'Arcy & Schanen
*''Erythroxylum brevipes'' {{small, DC.
*'' Erythroxylum buxifolium'' {{small, Lam.
*'' Erythroxylum buxus'' {{small, Peyr.
*''Erythroxylum caatingae'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum calyptratum'' {{small, Komada & Tagane
*'' Erythroxylum cambodianum'' {{small, Pierre
*'' Erythroxylum campestre'' {{small, A.St.-Hil.
*''Erythroxylum campinense'' {{small, Amaral
*''Erythroxylum carajasense'' {{small, (Plowman) Costa-Lima
*''Erythroxylum carthagenense'' {{small, Jacq.
*'' Erythroxylum cassinoides'' {{small, Planch. & Linden
*'' Erythroxylum cataractarum'' {{small, Spruce ex Peyr.
*''Erythroxylum catharinense'' {{small, Amaral
*'' Erythroxylum cincinnatum'' {{small, Mart.
*'' Erythroxylum citrifolium'' {{small, A.St.-Hil.
*'' Erythroxylum clarense'' {{small, Borhidi
*''Erythroxylum coca'' {{small, Lam.
*''Erythroxylum coelophlebium'' {{small, Mart.
*'' Erythroxylum cogolloi'' {{small, Jara
*''Erythroxylum columbinum'' {{small, Mart.
*'' Erythroxylum compressum'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum confusum'' {{small, Britton
*''Erythroxylum cordato-ovatum'' {{small, Huber
*'' Erythroxylum coriaceum'' {{small, Britton & P.Wilson
*'' Erythroxylum corymbosum'' {{small, Boivin ex Baill.
*'' Erythroxylum couveleense'' {{small, Guillaumin
*'' Erythroxylum cuneatum'' {{small, (Miq.) Kurz
*'' Erythroxylum cuneifolium'' {{small, (Mart.) O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum cuspidifolium'' {{small, Mart.
*''Erythroxylum daphnites'' {{small, Mart.
*'' Erythroxylum davidii'' {{small, D'Arcy & Schanen
*''Erythroxylum deciduum'' {{small, A.St.-Hil.
*'' Erythroxylum dekindtii'' {{small, (Engl.) O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum delagoense'' {{small, Schinz
*''Erythroxylum densum'' {{small, Rusby
*'' Erythroxylum dillonii'' {{small, Plowman ex Jara
*''Erythroxylum discolor'' {{small, Bojer
*''Erythroxylum distortum'' {{small, Mart.
*'' Erythroxylum divaricatum'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum domingense'' {{small, Oviedo
*'' Erythroxylum dumosum'' {{small, Alain
*'' Erythroxylum ecarinatum'' {{small, Hochr.
*''Erythroxylum elegans'' {{small, Baill.
*''Erythroxylum ellipticum'' {{small, R.Br. ex Benth.
*'' Erythroxylum emarginatum'' {{small, Thonn.
*''Erythroxylum engleri'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum ferrugineum'' {{small, Cav.
*''Erythroxylum fimbriatum'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum firmum'' {{small, Baker
*'' Erythroxylum fischeri'' {{small, Engl.
*''Erythroxylum flavicans'' {{small, Borhidi
*''Erythroxylum foetidum'' {{small, Plowman
*''Erythroxylum frangulifolium'' {{small, A.St.-Hil.
*''Erythroxylum gaudichaudii'' {{small, Peyr.
*''Erythroxylum gentryi'' {{small, Jara
*''Erythroxylum gerrardii'' {{small, Baker
*'' Erythroxylum glaucum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum glaziovii'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum gonoclados'' {{small, (Mart.) O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum gracile'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum gracilipes'' {{small, Peyr.
*''Erythroxylum grandifolium'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum grisebachii'' {{small, Peyr.
*''Erythroxylum guanchezii'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum guatemalense'' {{small, Lundell
*'' Erythroxylum hamigerum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum haughtii'' {{small, W.A.Gentner
*'' Erythroxylum havanense'' {{small, Jacq.
*''Erythroxylum hildebrandtii'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum hondense'' {{small, Kunth
*'' Erythroxylum horridum'' {{small, Borhidi & Oviedo
*''Erythroxylum hypericifolium'' {{small, Lam.
*''Erythroxylum hypoleucum'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum impressum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum incrassatum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum jaimei'' {{small, Jara
*'' Erythroxylum jamaicense'' {{small, Fawc. & Rendle
*'' Erythroxylum kapplerianum'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum kochummenii'' {{small, Ng
*'' Erythroxylum laetevirens'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum lanceolatum'' {{small, (Wight) Walp.
*'' Erythroxylum lanceum'' {{small, Bojer
*'' Erythroxylum lancifolium'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum laurel'' {{small, Baill.
*'' Erythroxylum laurifolium'' {{small, Lam.
*''Erythroxylum leal-costae'' {{small, Plowman
*''Erythroxylum leandrianum'' {{small, Payens
*'' Erythroxylum lenticellosum'' {{small, Huber
*'' Erythroxylum leptoneurum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum ligustrinum'' {{small, DC.
*'' Erythroxylum lindemanii'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum lineolatum'' {{small, DC.
*''Erythroxylum loefgrenii'' {{small, Diogo
*''Erythroxylum longipes'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum longisetulosum'' {{small, Loiola & M.F.Sales
*'' Erythroxylum loretense'' {{small, Plowman
*''Erythroxylum lygoides'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum macrocalyx'' {{small, Mart.
*'' Erythroxylum macrocarpum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum macrochaetum'' {{small, Miq.
*''Erythroxylum macrophyllum'' {{small, Cav.
*'' Erythroxylum magnoliifolium'' {{small, A.St.-Hil.
*'' Erythroxylum mamacoca'' {{small, Mart.
*'' Erythroxylum mangorense'' {{small, H.Perrier
*'' Erythroxylum mannii'' {{small, Oliv.
*'' Erythroxylum maracasense'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum martii'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum mattos-silvae'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum membranaceum'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum mexicanum'' {{small, Kunth
*'' Erythroxylum microphyllum'' {{small, A.St.-Hil.
*'' Erythroxylum mikanii'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum minutifolium'' {{small, Griseb.
*'' Erythroxylum mocquerysii'' {{small, DC.
*'' Erythroxylum mogotense'' {{small, Oviedo
*''Erythroxylum monogynum'' {{small, Roxb.
*''Erythroxylum moonii'' {{small, Hochr.
*'' Erythroxylum mucronatum'' {{small, Benth.
*''Erythroxylum myrsinites'' {{small, Mart.
*'' Erythroxylum myrtoides'' {{small, Bojer
*'' Erythroxylum nelson-rosae'' {{small, Plowman
*''Erythroxylum nitidulum'' {{small, Baker
*'' Erythroxylum nobile'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum nordestinum'' {{small, Costa-Lima, Loiola & M.Alves
*'' Erythroxylum nossibeense'' {{small, Baill.
*'' Erythroxylum novocaledonicum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum novogranatense'' {{small, (D.Morris) Hieron.
*'' Erythroxylum nummularia'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum obtusifolium'' {{small, (Wight) Hook.f.
*'' Erythroxylum occultum'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum ochranthum'' {{small, Mart.
*''Erythroxylum opacum'' {{small, Rusby
*''Erythroxylum oreophilum'' {{small, (O.E.Schulz ex Pilg.) Steyerm. & Maguire
*''Erythroxylum orinocense'' {{small, Kunth
*'' Erythroxylum ovalifolium'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum oxycarpum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum oxypetalum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum pachyneurum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum pacificum'' {{small, D.R.Simpson
*'' Erythroxylum panamense'' {{small, Turcz.
*''Erythroxylum paraguariense'' {{small, (Chodat & Hassl.) O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum parvistipulatum'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum passerinum'' {{small, Mart.
*''Erythroxylum patentissimum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum pauciflorum'' {{small, Rusby
*'' Erythroxylum pauferrense'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum pedicellare'' {{small, (Griseb.) O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum pelleterianum'' {{small, A.St.-Hil.
*'' Erythroxylum pervillei'' {{small, Baill.
*'' Erythroxylum petrae-caballi'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum pictum'' {{small, E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.
*''Erythroxylum platyclados'' {{small, Bojer
*'' Erythroxylum plowmanianum'' {{small, Cogollo & Pipoly
*'' Erythroxylum polygonoides'' {{small, Mart.
*''Erythroxylum popayanense'' {{small, Kunth
*'' Erythroxylum pruinosum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum pulchrum'' {{small, A.St.-Hil.
*''Erythroxylum pungens'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum pyan'' {{small, Costa-Lima
*'' Erythroxylum pyrifolium'' {{small, Baker
*'' Erythroxylum raimondii'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum reticulatum'' {{small, Northr.
*''Erythroxylum revolutum'' {{small, Mart.
*''Erythroxylum rhodappendiculatum'' {{small, Costa-Lima
*''Erythroxylum rignyanum'' {{small, Baill.
*'' Erythroxylum rimosum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum riparium'' {{small, T.Araújo & Amorim
*''Erythroxylum riverae'' {{small, Jara & J.D.García-Gonz.
*''Erythroxylum roigii'' {{small, Britton & P.Wilson
*''Erythroxylum roraimae'' {{small, Klotzsch ex O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum rosuliferum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum rotundifolium'' {{small, Lunan
*''Erythroxylum rufum'' {{small, Cav.
*'' Erythroxylum ruizii'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum ruryi'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum santosii'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum sarawakanum'' {{small, R.C.K.Chung
*''Erythroxylum schomburgkii'' {{small, Peyr.
*''Erythroxylum schunkei'' {{small, Plowman
*''Erythroxylum sechellarum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum seyrigi'' {{small, H.Perrier
*''Erythroxylum shatona'' {{small, J.F.Macbr.
*'' Erythroxylum sideroxyloides'' {{small, Lam.
*''Erythroxylum simonis'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum sinense'' {{small, Y.C.Wu
*'' Erythroxylum sobraleanum'' {{small, Loiola & L.S.Cordeiro
*''Erythroxylum socotranum'' {{small, Thulin
*'' Erythroxylum sparsiflorum'' {{small, Baker
*'' Erythroxylum sphaeranthum'' {{small, H.Perrier
*'' Erythroxylum splendidum'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum spruceanum'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum squamatum'' {{small, Sw.
*''Erythroxylum stenopetalum'' {{small, Costa-Lima
*''Erythroxylum steyermarkii'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum stipulosum'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum striiflorum'' {{small, H.Perrier
*''Erythroxylum striolatum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum strobilaceum'' {{small, Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum suberosum'' {{small, A.St.-Hil., A.Juss. & Cambess.
*'' Erythroxylum subglaucescens'' {{small, Mart. ex Peyr.
*'' Erythroxylum subracemosum'' {{small, Turcz.
*'' Erythroxylum subrotundum'' {{small, A.St.-Hil.
*''Erythroxylum subsessile'' {{small, (Mart.) O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum substriatum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum subumbellatum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum tapacuranum'' {{small, Costa-Lima
*''Erythroxylum tenue'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum tianguanum'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum timothei'' {{small, Loiola & M.F.Sales
*''Erythroxylum tortuosum'' {{small, Mart.
*'' Erythroxylum tucuruiense'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum ulei'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum umbrosum'' {{small, Costa-Lima & M.Alves
*'' Erythroxylum umbu'' {{small, Costa-Lima
*'' Erythroxylum undulatum'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum urbanii'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*'' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'' {{small, Mart.
*'' Erythroxylum vaginatum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum vasquezii'' {{small, Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum vernicosum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz
*''Erythroxylum virgultosum'' {{small, Mart.
*'' Erythroxylum williamsii'' {{small, Standl. ex Plowman
*'' Erythroxylum xerophilum'' {{small, H.Perrier
*''Erythroxylum zambesiacum'' {{small, N.Robson
*''Erythroxylum zeylanicum'' {{small, O.E.Schulz

References

{{Reflist, refs=
{{cite web , title=''Erythroxylum'' P.Browne , url=http://plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:24933-1 , website=Plants of the World Online , publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , access-date=8 January 2021

{{Taxonbar, from=Q158138

Malpighiales genera

{{Malpighiales-stub