Eruvin (, lit. "Mixtures") is the second tractate in the Order of Moed, dealing with the various types of . In this sense this tractate is a natural extension of

Shabbat Shabbat (, , or ; he, שַׁבָּת, Šabbāṯ, , ) or the Sabbath (), also called Shabbos (, ) by Ashkenazim, is Judaism's day of rest on the seventh day of the week—i.e., Saturday. On this day, religious Jews remember the biblical stori ...

; at one point these tractates were likely joined but then split due to length. Eruvin, along with Niddah and Yevamot, is considered one of the three most difficult tractates in the

Babylonian Talmud The Talmud (; he, , Talmūḏ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (''halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the cent ...

. A Hebrew mnemonic for the three is עני (''ani'', meaning "poverty"). Yaakov Emden, ''Mitpachat Sefarim'' 4:174

Structure

The tractate consists of ten chapters with a total of 96 mishnayot. Its Babylonian

Talmud The Talmud (; he, , Talmūḏ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law ('' halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the ce ...

version is of 105 pages and its

Jerusalem Talmud The Jerusalem Talmud ( he, תַּלְמוּד יְרוּשַׁלְמִי, translit=Talmud Yerushalmi, often for short), also known as the Palestinian Talmud or Talmud of the Land of Israel, is a collection of rabbinic notes on the second-century ...

version is of 65 pages. An overview of the content of chapters is as follows: * Chapter 1 () has ten mishnayot. * Chapter 2 () has six mishnayot. * Chapter 3 () has nine mishnayot. * Chapter 4 () has eleven mishnayot. * Chapter 5 () has nine mishnayot. * Chapter 6 () has ten mishnayot. * Chapter 7 () has eleven mishnayot. * Chapter 8 () has eleven mishnayot. * Chapter 9 () has four mishnayot. * Chapter 10 () has fifteen mishnayot.

Main subjects

Eruv Chatzeirot

An eruv (; Hebrew: עירוב, "mixture"), also transliterated as eiruv or erub, plural: eruvin �eʁuˈvin is a ritual enclosure that permits Jewish residents or visitors to carry certain objects outside their own homes on Sabbath and Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement). An eruv accomplishes this by integrating a number of private and public properties into one larger private domain, thereby countermanding restrictions on carrying objects from the private to the public domain on Sabbath and holidays. The eruv allows these religious Jews to, among other things, carry house keys, tissues, medicines, or babies with them, and use strollers and canes. Orthodox Judaism prohibits motorized transportation on Shabbat and holidays, although the presence of an ''eruv'' for carrying permits certain types of non-motorized transport such as strollers and wheelchairs. The presence or absence of an eruv thus especially affects the lives of people with limited mobility and those responsible for taking care of babies and young children.

''Eruv techumin''

An ''eruv techumin'' (

Hebrew Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...

: עירוב תחומין "mixed borders") for traveling enables a traditionally observant Jew to travel on

or a

Jewish holiday Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or ''Yamim Tovim'' ( he, ימים טובים, , Good Days, or singular , in transliterated Hebrew []), are holidays observed in Judaism and by JewsThis article focuses on practices of mainst ...

. The Jew prepares food prior to Shabbat or a holiday at a location to which they plan to travel that is farther than is normally allowed on such days.

''Eruv tavshilin''

An ''eruv tavshilin'' (

: עירוב תבשילין "mixed cooked food items") is made in the home on the eve of a holiday with a work proscription that directly precedes the Sabbath. It is made by taking a cooked item and a baked item, and placing them together. It is common to use a piece of cooked egg, fish, or meat as the cooked item and a piece of bread or matzah as the baked item. It is needed because while it is allowed to cook and transfer fire on holidays (unlike the Sabbath and Yom Kippur, when these activities are forbidden), these activities are allowed to be done for use on only the holiday, and not for the next day. The ''eruv tavshilin'' makes it possible to begin preparing for the Sabbath before the holiday, and continue doing so. The foods of the ''eruv tavshilin'' are traditionally eaten on the Sabbath day following the holiday.

External links

Tractate Eiruvin

References

{{Mishnah Oral Torah Talmud Eruvin