Equestrian at the 1928 Summer Olympics
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equestrian The word equestrian is a reference to equestrianism, or horseback riding, derived from Latin ' and ', "horse". Horseback riding (or Riding in British English) Examples of this are: * Equestrian sports *Equestrian order, one of the upper classes i ...
events at the
1928 Summer Olympics The 1928 Summer Olympics ( nl, Olympische Zomerspelen 1928), officially known as the Games of the IX Olympiad ( nl, Spelen van de IXe Olympiade) and commonly known as Amsterdam 1928, was an international multi-sport event that was celebrated from ...
included
dressage Dressage ( or ; a French term, most commonly translated to mean "training") is a form of horse riding performed in exhibition and competition, as well as an art sometimes pursued solely for the sake of mastery. As an equestrian sport defined b ...
,
eventing Eventing (also known as three day eventing or horse trials) is an equestrian event where a single horse and rider combine and compete against other competitors across the three disciplines of dressage, cross-country, and show jumping. Thi ...
, and
show jumping Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrianism, equestrian events that also includes dressage, eventing, Show hunter, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including th ...
. All three disciplines had both individual and team competitions. The competitions were held from 8 to 12 August 1928. Teams were now fielded by three riders, rather than four, the purpose being to reduce pressure on national federations to find that many riders in order to compete for team medals. Riders had to be considered amateurs, which was defined as either an actively serving professional officer, or as a gentleman rider as defined by the rules of that rider's national governing body. A total of 113 entries were present from 20 nations: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the USA. This was the first appearance for
Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
,
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
and
Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
in equestrian events at an Olympics. Additionally, after being shut out from two Olympic competitions,
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
also returned to the Games to win a few medals in the equestrian events. Horses were stabled in
Hilversum Hilversum () is a city and municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. Located in the heart of the Gooi, it is the largest urban centre in that area. It is surrounded by heathland, woods, meadows, lakes, and smaller towns. Hilvers ...
, a town from
Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...
and the location of the majority of the equestrian competition, with two jumping competitions taking place in the
Olympic Stadium ''Olympic Stadium'' is the name usually given to the main stadium of an Olympic Games. An Olympic stadium is the site of the opening and closing ceremonies. Many, though not all, of these venues actually contain the words ''Olympic Stadium'' as ...
in Amsterdam. The equestrian competitions produced an income of over 150,000
guilder Guilder is the English translation of the Dutch and German ''gulden'', originally shortened from Middle High German ''guldin pfenninc'' "gold penny". This was the term that became current in the southern and western parts of the Holy Roman Empir ...
s, out of a total of 1,435,000 guilders income for the entire Games.


Disciplines


Jumping

46 riders competed from 16 different nations, including Olympic medalist (1920 gold and 1924 silver) Tommaso Lequio di Assaba on Trebecco, who finished 24th, and Alphonse Gemuseus, the 1924 Games gold medalists, finishing 8th on Lucette after garnering 2 time penalties. Seven riders went clear over the 720 meter, 16-obstacle course, whose obstacles ranged in height from 1.25–1.40 meters, and was considered too easy for an Olympic Games. Three riders went clear in the jump-off, so a second jump-off was held with the obstacles raised to 1.60 meters in height. Gold was given to the one clear round, Capt. Ventura of Czechoslovakia on Eliot. The other two riders had one rail apiece over the second jump-off course, but Pierre Bertran de Balanda's mount Papillon hit the rail with his hind legs garnering only 2 penalties, while Major Kuhn's mount Pepita hit a fence with her front legs, counting as 4 penalty points and thus finishing in bronze-medal position.


Dressage

29 riders from 12 countries competed in the dressage competition. The test was the same as for the 1924 Olympics, but the 10-minute limit was now raised to 13 minutes, giving the riders much needed time to complete it without losing points for going over the time allowed. Judging created controversy, both due to nationalistic tendencies by judges and the fact that individual judges had differing opinions on what was correct. While there was discussion on how to make it more fair—including dropping the lowest and highest scores, only having one judge from a neutral county, and removing 20 points from each score given to a countryman of each judge—no changes were made until after the judging scandal at the 1956 Games.


Eventing

46 riders from 17 nations competed in the eventing competition. Dressage saw the time allowed for the test raised from 10 to 11 minutes, and was now counting for 300 total points rather than 200 seen in the last Games, making it have a huge impact on final placings, since the time allowed for all phases of the Endurance was generous. There were 8 eliminations on endurance day (resulting in only 3 of the teams finishing the competition) primarily due to missing flags which were difficult to follow over the flat land. The point system for the Endurance day was kept the same (Phases A, C, and E were each worth 200 points, steeplechase was worth 500 points, and cross-country 700 points), while the show jumping phase was reduced in importance from 400 to 300 points total. The speed on steeplechase was raised from 550 up to 600 meters a minute.


Medal summary


Participating nations

A total of 113 horse riders from 20 nations competed at the Amsterdam Games: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


Medal table


References


External links


International Olympic Committee medal database
{{coord, 52.1801, N, 5.2296, E, source:wikidata, display=title 1928 Summer Olympics events
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