__NOTOC__ The Institute for Nuclear Studies was founded September 1945 as part of the

University of Chicago The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its main campus is located in Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood. The University of Chicago is consistently ranked among the b ...

with Samuel King Allison as director. On November 20, 1955, it was renamed The Enrico Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies. The name was shortened to The Enrico Fermi Institute (EFI) in January 1968. Physicist

Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi (; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1. He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age" an ...

was heavily involved in the founding years of the institute, and it was at his request that Allison took the position as the first director. In addition to Fermi and Allison, the initial faculty included

Harold C. Urey Harold Clayton Urey ( ; April 29, 1893 – January 5, 1981) was an American physical chemist whose pioneering work on isotopes earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 for the discovery of deuterium. He played a significant role in the ...

Edward Teller Edward Teller ( hu, Teller Ede; January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who is known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb" (see the Teller–Ulam design), although he did not care for ...

, Joseph E. Mayer, and Maria Goeppert Mayer.

Research activities

*Theoretical and experimental

particle physics Particle physics or high energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The fundamental particles in the universe are classified in the Standard Model as fermions (matter particles) an ...

; *Theoretical and experimental

astrophysics Astrophysics is a science that employs the methods and principles of physics and chemistry in the study of astronomical objects and phenomena. As one of the founders of the discipline said, Astrophysics "seeks to ascertain the nature of the h ...

and

cosmology Cosmology () is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe. The term ''cosmology'' was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's ''Glossographia'', and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher ...

; *

General relativity General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics ...

; *

Electron microscopy An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. As the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light photons, electron microscopes have a hi ...

; *Ion microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry; * Nonimaging optics and solar energy concentration; *

Geochemistry Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans. The realm of geochemistry extends beyond the Earth, encompassing th ...

, cosmochemistry and nuclear chemistry.

Notable staff

Herbert L. Anderson Herbert Lawrence Anderson (May 24, 1914 – July 16, 1988) was an American nuclear physicist who was Professor of Physics at the University of Chicago. He contributed to the Manhattan Project. He was also a member of the team which made the first ...

, nuclear physicist *

James Cronin James Watson Cronin (September 29, 1931 – August 25, 2016) was an American particle physicist. Cronin was born in Chicago, Illinois, and attended Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. He and co-researcher Val Logsdon Fitch were aw ...

, Nobel laureate in physics *

, Nobel laureate in physics * Riazuddin, nuclear physicist *

Robert Geroch Robert Geroch (born 1 June 1942 in Akron, Ohio) is an American theoretical physicist and professor at the University of Chicago. He has worked prominently on general relativity and mathematical physics and has promoted the use of category theor ...

, general relativist * James Hartle, general relativist *

Craig Hogan Craig Hogan is a Professor of Astronomy and Physics at the University of Chicago and he is the director of the Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics. He is known for his theory of " holographic noise", which holds that holographic principle m ...

, astronomer *

Faheem Hussain Faheem Hussain (31 July 1942 – 29 September 2009), was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and a professor of physics at the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS). A research scientist in the field of superstring theory at the Nationa ...

, string theorist * Leo Kadanoff, condensed matter physicist * Edward Kolb, cosmologist * Emil Martinec, string theorist * Joseph E. Mayer, chemist * Maria Goeppert Mayer, Nobel laureate in physics * Yoichiro Nambu, Nobel laureate in physics *

Marcel Schein Marcel Schein (June 9, 1902 – February 20, 1960) was a Slovak-born American physicist, best known for his work on cosmic rays. He is the father of former MIT professor Edgar Schein. Biography Marcel Schein was born in Trstená, Kingdom of ...

, cosmic ray physicist * John Alexander Simpson, nuclear and cosmic ray physicist *

, nuclear physicist, father of the hydrogen bomb * Michael Turner, cosmologist *

, Nobel laureate in chemistry * Carlos E.M. Wagner, particle phenomenologist * Robert M. Wald, general relativist * Gregor Wentzel, quantum physicist

References

External links

*
Guide to the University of Chicago Institute for Nuclear Studies Cyclotron. Records 1946-1952
at th
University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
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Institute An institute is an organisational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations ( research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body. In some countries, institutes ca ...

University of Chicago Nuclear research institutes Organizations established in 1945 Research institutes in Illinois Theoretical physics institutes Physics institutes

Research activities

Notable staff

See also

References

External links