Emmanuel Efimovich Steinschneider (russian: Эммануил Ефимович Штайншнайдер; 21 December 1886 – 2 December 1970), was a

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

and

USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

and medical

researcher Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness t ...

, best known for his studies on influenza,

malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. S ...

, typhoid,

typhus Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure. ...

dysentery Dysentery (UK pronunciation: , US: ), historically known as the bloody flux, is a type of gastroenteritis that results in bloody diarrhea. Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and a feeling of incomplete defecation. Complications ...

and other infections that were rampant during the first half of the 20th century.

Biography

Emmanuel Steinschneider was born to a

Jew Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...

ish family in Narva,

, his father was deeply respected in Jewish community for adopting and bringing up orphaned Jewish children. In 1905, he graduated with excellence from the high school. He then went to Germany, where he went up to the

Halle University Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (german: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public, research-oriented university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg and the largest and oldest university i ...

Faculty of Medicine. In 1912 after graduation he returned to Russia where he worked as a zemskiy doctor in the Dnipro District (Tauride) until the outbreak of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

in 1914, when he was enlisted for active military service. During the war he served as a junior doctor of 142nd (1914), then the 129th Infantry Regiment (1915), and then as a junior ordinator of the 324th contagious

field hospital A field hospital is a temporary hospital or mobile medical unit that takes care of casualties on-site before they can be safely transported to more permanent facilities. This term was initially used in military medicine (such as the Mobile A ...

(1916-1918). After the Russian Revolution and during the

Russian Civil War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Russian Civil War , partof = the Russian Revolution and the aftermath of World War I , image = , caption = Clockwise from top left: {{flatlist, *Soldiers ...

, in 1918-1921 served as the chief assistant of the epidotdel Military Medical Administration of the Moscow District, worked as a chief on the formation of the

Red Guard Red Guards () were a mass student-led paramilitary social movement mobilized and guided by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 through 1967, during the first phase of the Cultural Revolution, which he had instituted.Teiwes According to a Red Guard le ...

sanitary units (1918). During these years, he was an assistant for infectious diseases clinic of the second

Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...

. *1921-1923 - head of the Department of the

Ural Ural may refer to: *Ural (region), in Russia and Kazakhstan *Ural Mountains, in Russia and Kazakhstan *Ural (river), in Russia and Kazakhstan * Ual (tool), a mortar tool used by the Bodo people of India *Ural Federal District, in Russia *Ural econ ...

Medical Institute (

Yekaterinburg Yekaterinburg ( ; rus, Екатеринбург, p=jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk), alternatively romanized as Ekaterinburg and formerly known as Sverdlovsk ( rus, Свердло́вск, , svʲɪrˈdlofsk, 1924–1991), is a city and the administra ...

). *1924-1940 - head of the Department for Infectious Diseases of the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute (1924-1930 associate professor, 1930-1940 professor). *August 1940 – 1953 - head of the Department of Infectious Diseases 1st MOLMI. *1953–1973 - consultant for a number of medical institutions in Moscow. Emmanuel E. Steinschneider was a member of the Board of I.I.Metchnikov clinical section of the Moscow branch of the Russian Society of microbiologists, epidemiologists and infectionists.

Death

Steinschneider died 2 December 1970 in

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...

. He was buried at Vostryakovskoe Cemetery.

Publications in German

*Beitrag zur Frage der Kaseebildung der Milzbrandbacillus und künstlichen Nähböden // Hygien. Runds. — 1913. — No. 7. *Colitis pseudomembranacea Infantrum // Archiv Kinderheilk. — Bd. 62, H. 1, 2. *Die Rezeptoren und ihre Zusammenhang mit der Anaphylaxie. — Leipzig: B. Konegen, 1913. *Die Sessilen Rezeptoren bei Anaphylaxie // Reich. med. Angeiger. — 1913. — No. 5, 6, 7. *Masern bei den Sengling // Archiv Kinderheilk. — Bd. 62. *Schüttllversüche mit verschiedenen Bakterienarten // Bakteriol. Versehrif. Methad. — 1913. — No. 9. *Ueber den Streptococcus Haemolyticus und seine ethiologische Bedeutung // Deutsch. med. Nachricht. — 1914. — No. 6. *Ueber die Procasene Färbung // Hygien. Runds. — 1913. — No. 4. *Ueber lipolitische Fermente bei den Infektionskrankheiten // Biochem. Beitrage. — 1926. — No. 16. *Verschiedene Nähböden // Hygien. Runds. — 1913. — No. 1. *Zur Kenntniss der anaphylaktischen Giftwirkung // Zentr.-Bl. allgem. Pathol. pathol. Anatomie. — 1912. — Bd. 23, No. 12.

Publications in Russian

*Штайншнайдер Э. Е. Схема исследования больного. — М.: Полиграфкнига, 1947. — 7 с. — 2000 экз. *Штайншнайдер Э. Е. Схема истории болезни Клиники инфекционных болезней 2 М.Г.У. — М.: Мосполиграф, 1928. — 10 с. — 2000 экз. *Атипичные, лёгкие и стёртые формы брюшного тифа и их эпидемиологическое значение // Терап. Арх. — 1941. — Т. 19, в. 3. *Аутоликвортерапия эпидемического церебро-спинального менингита // Тер. Арх.. — 1933. — Т. 11, в. 5. *Брюшной тиф у вакцинированных // Сов. медицина. — 1941. — No. 7. *Брюшной тиф у привитых : Дис. ... д-ра мед. наук. — 1939. *Дезинфекция формалином холодным способом с учётом эффективности // Воен. журн. — 1914. *Диэтотерапия при брюшном тифе // Сдана в «Клинич. медиц.» 1939 г. *Изучение реконвалесцентного периода острых инфекционных заболеваний (брюшной тиф, паратиф и сыпной тиф) : Материалы клиники 2 МГУ, обнимающ. 1050 случаев. Коллективная работа // Сборник Цустрока НМТ. — 1929. *К вопросу о гриппе на производстве и борьбе с ним // Сов. врачеб. газета. — 1934. — No. 6. *Классификация гриппа // Сб. по гриппу. — 1936. *Клинико-эпидемиологический анализ течения тифо-паратифозных заболеваний за 1943 г. (Коллективная работа по материалам Красно-Советской больницы и клиники инфекционных болезней 1-го МОЛМИ). — 1944. *Клинико-эпидемиологический анализ тифозных заболеваний за 1928 г. (коллективная работа). — 1938. *Лечение брюшного тифа // Сов. медицина. — 1942. — No. 7. *Лечение гриппа хлором // Врачебная газета. — 1931. — No. 22. *Наблюдения над туляремией (экспедиционный материал под руководством проф. Е. Н. Марциновского). Не подлежала оглашению. *Новая элективная среда // Сов. врачеб. газета. — 1934. — No. 10. *О висцеральных формах сибирской язвы (санитарно-эпидемиологическое исследование эпидемической вспышки сибирской язвы в .......м). — 1931. Секретная. *О действующих началах рыбьего жира и его биологических свойствах // Тр. / Науч. ин-т В. С. К. — 1924. *О деструктивном изменении сосудистой системы при сыпном тифе, как методе клинической диагностике // Тр. / Уральский гос. ун-т. — 1921. *О клеточной природе анафилактического шока (экспериментальная работа). — 1936. *О липолитических ферментах при инфекционных заболеваниях. *О невыясненных формах тифа // Сов. клиника. — 1933. — Т. 19, No. 107—108. *О санаториях нового типа для инвалидов войны // Моск. воен. журн. — 1923. *Об агранулоцитарных ангинах (экспедиционный материал по изучению заболеваний «септической ангины» в С. и Н. областях). Материал 1932 и 1933 гг. Не подлежал оглашению. *Об атипичных и стертых формах тифозных заболеваний : Рукопись. — 1935. *Особенности течения сыпного тифа в военное время // Эвако-госпиталь17-42 / Сб. Баш. НКЗ. — 1943. *Пищевые интоксикации кабачковой икрой в Дн......ке (ботулизм). — 1932. Секретная. *Предохранительные прививки при тифо-паратифозной группе инфекций // Врачебное дело. — 1915. *Профилактика гриппа антивирусом // Сов. врачеб. газета. — 1935. — No. 8. *Процессы брожения и микробиологические свойства тузлуков (бактериологические и биологические свойства астраханских тузлуков) // Тр. / Науч. ин-т В. С. К. — 1924. *Рецидивы и реинфекции // БМЭ. — 1934. — Т. 29. *Рожа (монография). — 1938. *Сибирская язва (монография). — 1939. *Учебник по острым инфекционным заболеваниям. — 1939. *Характерные особенности сыпного тифа, методов его лечения и профилактики // Сов. медицина. — 1943. — No. 6.

References

External links

ШТАЙНШНАЙДЕР Эммануил Ефимович

{{DEFAULTSORT:Steinschneider, Emmanuel Soviet infectious disease physicians Estonian physicians Soviet military doctors Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni Soviet Jews People from Narva 1886 births 1970 deaths Jewish scientists 20th-century Estonian Jews 20th-century Estonian physicians