Elektronika, also spelt Electronika and Electronica (russian: Электроника, "Electronics"), is the

brand name A brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that distinguishes one seller's good or service from those of other sellers. Brands are used in business, marketing, and advertising for recognition and, importantly, to create an ...

used for many different electronic products built by factories belonging to the Soviet Ministry of Electronic Industry, including calculators, electronic watches, portable games, and radios. Many Elektronika designs were the result of efforts by Soviet engineers, who were working for the Soviet

military–industrial complex The expression military–industrial complex (MIC) describes the relationship between a country's military and the defense industry that supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy. A driving factor behind the ...

but were challenged with producing consumer goods which were in great shortage in the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

. The brand is still in use in

Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...

Calculators

Most notable is a line of

calculator An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics. The first solid-state electronic calculator was created in the early 1960s. Pocket-sized ...

s, which started production in 1968. The Elektronika calculators were produced in a variety of sizes and function sets, ranging from large, bulky four-function calculators to smaller models designed for use in schools operating on a special, safer 42V standard (like the MK-SCH-2). As time progressed, Elektronika calculators were produced that supported more advanced calculations, with some of the most recent models even offering full programmability and functionality similar to today's American-designed graphing calculators. The Elektronika brand is now used by

Novosibirsk Novosibirsk (, also ; rus, Новосиби́рск, p=nəvəsʲɪˈbʲirsk, a=ru-Новосибирск.ogg) is the largest city and administrative centre of Novosibirsk Oblast and Siberian Federal District in Russia. As of the 2021 Censu ...

RPN

programmable calculator Programmable calculators are calculators that can automatically carry out a sequence of operations under control of a stored program. Most are Turing complete, and, as such, are theoretically general-purpose computers. However, their user inter ...

s Elektronika MK-152 ( :ru:Электроника МК-152) and Elektronika MK-161 ( :ru:Электроника МК-161).

Computers

The following Elektronika computers used a Soviet

Intel Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California. It is the world's largest semiconductor chip manufacturer by revenue, and is one of the developers of the x86 ser ...

-compatible

CPU A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor, main processor or just processor, is the electronic circuitry that executes instructions comprising a computer program. The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, a ...

: * MS 1502, MS 1504 – XT clone * KR-series (01/02/03/04) – mass production of popular Russian 8-bit homebrew RK-86 ( :ru:Радио 86РК) The following Elektronika computers used a Soviet

, compatible with

PDP-11 The PDP-11 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1970 into the 1990s, one of a set of products in the Programmed Data Processor (PDP) series. In total, around 600,000 PDP-11s of all models were sol ...

: *

Elektronika 60 The Electronika 60 (russian: Электроника 60) is a computer made in the Soviet Union by Elektronika in Voronezh. Overview Alone the ''Electronika 60'' is a rack-mounted computer with no built-in display or storage devices. It was ...

* UKNC *

DVK DVK (russian: ДВК, Диалоговый вычислительный комплекс, ''Interactive Computing Complex'') is a Soviet PDP-11-compatible personal computer. Overview The design is also known as Elektronika MS-0501 and Elektronika ...

– clone of SM EVM, stripped for mass production to satisfy general scientific and R&D needs * BK-0010 and BK-0011M – stripped and low-cost version of

, targeted at teenagers and home users

Electronic toys

Model names for Elektronika-branded

Nintendo is a Japanese multinational video game company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. It develops video games and video game consoles. Nintendo was founded in 1889 as by craftsman Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade playing cards ...

Game & Watch The Game & Watch brand ( ''Gēmu & Uotchi''; called ''Tricotronic'' in West Germany and Austria, abbreviated as ''G&W'') is a series of handheld electronic games developed, manufactured, released, and marketed by Nintendo from 1980 to 1991. C ...

clones start with IM (ИМ ''Игра Микропроцессорная'', Russian acronym for "''

microprocessor A microprocessor is a computer processor where the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit, or a small number of integrated circuits. The microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circ ...

based game''"). The known models include: * IM-02 Nu, Pogodi! (1984) – Nintendo EG-26 ''Egg'' * IM-03 Mysteries of the Ocean (1989) – Nintendo OC-22 ''Octopus'' * IM-04 Merry Cook (1989) – Nintendo FP-24 ''Chef'' * MG-09 Space Bridge (1989) – Nintendo FR-27 ''Fire'' * MG-13 Explorers of Space (1989) * IM-18 Fowling (1989) * IM-22 Merry Footballer (1989) * MG-50 Amusing Arithmetics (1989) * IM-23 Car Slalom (1991) * IM-50 Space Flight (1992) Post-1992 versions: * I-01 Car Slalom * I-02 Merry Cook * I-03 Space Bridge * I-04 Fisher Tom-Cat * I-05 Naval Combat * I-06 Just you wait! * I-07 Frog boaster * I-08 Fowling * I-09 Explorers of Space * I-10 Biathlon * I-11 Circus * I-12 Hockey * I-13 Merry Footballer * I-14 Night Thiefes * I-15 Mysteries of the Ocean Original series: * IM-29 Chess Partner IM-11 Lunokhod was a clone of Bigtrak toy tank, a programmable battery-powered toy vehicle made by

Milton Bradley Company Milton Bradley Company or simply Milton Bradley (MB) was an American board game manufacturer established by Milton Bradley in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1860. In 1920, it absorbed the game production of McLoughlin Brothers, formerly the ...

Tape recorders (audio)

Reel-to-reel

* 100S (1970, portable stereo) * ТА1-003 Stereo (1980) * 004 Stereo * MPK 007 S (1987)

Cassette

* 203-S (1980, portable stereo) * 204-S (1984, stereo deck) * MH-205 stereo (1985, car stereo player) * 206-stereo * 211-S (1983, portable stereo) * 301 (1972, portable) * 302, 302-1, 302-2 (1974 till 1990s, portable) * 305 (1984, portable) * 306 (1986, portable stereo) * 311-S (1977, portable stereo) * 321/322 (1978, portable) * 323/324 (1981, portable) * M-327 (1987, portable) * M-334S (1990, portable stereo component system with detachable recorder M-332S) * М-402S (1990, pocket stereo) * Elektronika-mini (199?, pocket stereo)

External links

Museum of Soviet Calculators On the Web (MOSCOW)

Soviet Digital Electronics Museum
{{Handheld game consoles Science and technology in the Soviet Union Computing in the Soviet Union Soviet brands Electronics companies of the Soviet Union Ministry of the Electronics Industry (Soviet Union)