Elections in Turkey are held for six functions of

government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is ...

presidential elections A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President. Elections by country Albania The president of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public. Chile The pr ...

(national), parliamentary elections (national), municipality mayors (local), district mayors (local), provincial or municipal council members (local) and muhtars (local). Apart from

election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has opera ...

referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...

s are also held occasionally. The

Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...

(''Meclis'') has 600 members, elected for a five-year term by a system based on closed list

proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...

according to the

D'Hondt method The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is a method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in party-list proportional representation systems. It belongs to the class of highest ...

. Political parties are subject to an

electoral threshold The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of the primary vote that a candidate or political party requires to achieve before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can ...

of 7%. Smaller parties can avoid the electoral threshold by forming an

alliance An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...

with bigger parties, in which it is sufficient that total votes of the alliance passes the 7%.

Independent candidates An independent or non-partisan politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent. Some politicians have political views th ...

are not subject to

. The

are held every five years. The

president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

is elected for a term of office of five years and is eligible for one re-election. There's an exception when a president's second term ends prematurely through a decision of the

. In this case, the president can be re-elected for a third term. To put forward a referendum regarding constitutional amendments, a supermajority (three fifths of the votes) in the parliament is required first. These kinds of referendums are binding. Turkey has a

multi-party system In political science, a multi-party system is a political system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national elections, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in ...

, with two or three strong

parties A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature ...

and often a fourth party that is electorally successful. Since 1950, parliamentary politics has mainly been dominated by

conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...

parties. Even the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) tends to identify itself with the "tradition" of Democrat Party (DP). While on the left side of the spectrum, parties like Republican People's Party (CHP), Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) and Democratic Left Party (DSP) have enjoyed the largest electoral success on the left. The

constitutional referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...

of 2017 enhanced the powers of the president, and since 2018, the focus has shifted from parliamentary to the presidential elections.

Schedule

* Bold: latest elections, ''italic'': upcoming elections

List of elections

Presidential elections

1980 Turkish presidential election The 1980 Turkish presidential election refers to the unsuccessful elections to choose the country's seventh president, to succeed Fahri Korutürk. The first round of the elections held on 12 March 1980. There were 115 unsuccessful rounds until 12 ...

, parties failed to elect a president to succeed

Fahri Korutürk Fahri Sabit Korutürk (3 August 1903 – 12 October 1987) was a Turkish admiral, diplomat and politician who was the 6th president of Turkey from 1973 to 1980. Before his presidency, he served as the 3rd commander of the Turkish Naval Forces fr ...

, 1980 Turkish coup d'état ensued *

1982 Turkish constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 7 November 1982. The new constitution was approved by 91.4% of voters, with a 91.3% turnout. Background In 1980 the Grand National Assembly was scheduled to elect a new President to replace Fah ...

, Kenan Evren named president in new constitution until 1989 * 1989 Turkish presidential election,

Turgut Özal Halil Turgut Özal (; 13 October 192717 April 1993) was a Turkish politician, who served as the 8th President of Turkey from 1989 to 1993. He previously served as the 26th Prime Minister of Turkey from 1983 to 1989 as the leader of the Mothe ...

succeeded Kenan Evren * 1993 Turkish presidential election, Süleyman Demirel succeeded Turgut Özal *

2000 Turkish presidential election The 2000 Turkish presidential election consisted of a first round election on 27 April 2000 followed by a second round vote on 1 May and a third on 5 May. It occurred at the end of 9th president Süleyman Demirel's seven-year term in office. Ther ...

Ahmet Necdet Sezer Ahmet Necdet Sezer (; born 13 September 1941) is a Turkish statesman and judge who served as the tenth president of Turkey from 2000 to 2007. Previously he was president of the Constitutional Court of Turkey from 1998 to 2002. The Grand Nationa ...

succeeded Süleyman Demirel *

2007 Turkish presidential election The 2007 Turkish presidential election refers to two attempts to elect the country's 11th president, to succeed Ahmet Necdet Sezer. The most likely candidate for president was Abdullah Gül. Turkey's presidential office is regarded as the gu ...

Abdullah Gül Abdullah Gül (; ; born 29 October 1950) is a Turkish politician who served as the 11th President of Turkey, in office from 2007 to 2014. He previously served for four months as Prime Minister from 2002 to 2003, and concurrently served as bo ...

succeeded Ahmet Necdet Sezer *

2014 Turkish presidential election Presidential elections were held in Turkey on 10 August 2014 in order to elect the 12th President. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was elected outright with an absolute majority of the vote in the first round, making a scheduled run-off fo ...

, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan succeeded Abdullah Gül *

2018 Turkish presidential election Presidential elections were held in Turkey on 24 June 2018 as part of the 2018 general election, alongside parliamentary elections on the same day. They were the first direct presidential elections, following constitutional amendments approved ...

, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan re-elected

Parliamentary elections

The following sections give list of key results. At first,

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

had a unicameral legislature, with the main chamber being the

Grand National Assembly of Turkey The Grand National Assembly of Turkey ( tr, ), usually referred to simply as the TBMM or Parliament ( tr, or ''Parlamento''), is the unicameral Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by the Turkish Const ...

. This lasted until 1961, when the new Constitution of 1961 replaced the previous unicameral (one house) system with a bicameral (two house) one. The

Grand National Assembly Great National Assembly or Grand National Assembly may refer to: * Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia, an assembly of Romanian delegates that declared the unification of Transylvania and Romania * Great National Assembly (Socialist Republic of R ...

was downgraded to the position of the lower house whilst the newly founded Senate of the Republic became the upper house. However, the constitution of 1982 abolished the Senate and Turkey once again adopted a unicameral system.

Results summary of the past elections

* 1923 Turkish general election – June 28, 1923 * 1927 Turkish general election – ''2nd round:'' July 27, 1927 – ''MP election:'' September 1, 1927 * 1931 Turkish general election – April 25, 1931 – Total: 317 # CHP: 287 seats # Independent: 30 seats * 1935 Turkish general election – February 8, 1935 * 1939 Turkish general election – March 26, 1939 * 1943 Turkish general election – February 28, 1943 *

1946 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 21 July 1946, the first multi-party elections in the country's history. The multiple non-transferable vote electoral system was used. The result was a victory for the Republican People's Party T ...

– July 21, 1946 – Total: 465 # CHP: 396 seats # DP: 62 seats # Independent: 7 seats *

1950 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 14 May 1950, using the multiple non-transferable vote electoral system.Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I'', p238 The result was a landsl ...

– May 14, 1950 – Total: 487 # DP: 408 seats # CHP: 69 seats # CMP: 1 seat # Independent: 9 seats *

1954 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 2 May 1954. The electoral system used was the multiple non-transferable vote. The result was a landslide victory for the Democrat Party, which won 503 of the 541 seats. Voter turnout was 88.6%. Results ...

– May 2, 1954 – Total: 541 # DP: 502 seats # CHP: 31 seats # CMP:Both CMP and CKMP succeeded MP 5 seats # Independent: 3 seats *

1957 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 27 October 1957. The electoral system used was the multiple non-transferable vote, with each electoral district electing an average of nine members. The result was a victory for the Democrat Party, which ...

– October 27, 1957 – Total: 610 # DP: 424 seats # CHP: 178 seats # CMP: 4 seats # HP: 4 seats *

1961 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a ...

– October 15, 1961 – Total: 450 # CHP: 173 seats # AP: 158 seats # YTP: 65 seats # CMKP: 54 seats *

1965 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 10 October 1965. The result was a victory for the Justice Party, which won 240 of the 450 seats. Voter turnout was 71.3%. Electoral system The national remnant electoral system was used. This was a two-t ...

– October 10, 1965 – Total: 450 # AP: 240 seats # CHP: 134 seats # MP: 31 seats # YTP: 19 seats # TİP: 14 seats # CMKP: 11 seats # Independent: 1 seat * 1969 Turkish general election – October 12, 1969 – Total: 450 # AP: 256 seats # CHP: 143 seats # GP: 15 seats # BP: 8 seats # MP: 6 seats # YTP: 6 seats # TİP: 2 seats # MHP: 1 seat # Independent: 13 seats *

1973 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 14 October 1973. The Republican People's Party (CHP) emerged as the largest party, winning 185 of the 450 seats with 33% of the vote. The Justice Party (AP) led by Süleyman Demirel, which had won a major ...

– October 14, 1973 – Total: 450 # CHP: 185 seats # AP: 149 seats # MSP: 48 seats # DP: 45 seats # CGP: 13 seats # MHP: 3 seats # TBP: 1 seats # Independent: 6 *

1977 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 5 June 1977. Elections took place in the middle of a political race between the right-wing AP and the left-wing CHP. With the charismatic leadership of Bülent Ecevit, the CHP managed to beat one of the ...

– June 5, 1977 – Total: 450 # CHP: 213 seats # AP: 189 seats # MSP: 24 seats # MHP: 16 seats # CGP: 3 seats # DP: 1 seat # Independent: 4 seats *

1983 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 6 November 1983, the first since 1977 after democratic rights were abandoned after the military coup of 1980. The National Security Council banned the previous political parties from participating, lead ...

– November 6, 1983 – Total: 399 # ANAP: 211 seats # HP: 117 seats # MDP: 71 seats *

1987 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 29 November 1987. Prior to the elections, the military junta's restrictions on former politicians were lifted, allowing them to re-enter politics. Despite a reduction in its share of the vote, the Motherl ...

– November 29, 1987 – Total: 450 # ANAP: 292 seats # SHP: 99 seats # DYP: 59 seats *

1991 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 20 October 1991, to elect members to the 19th Grand National Assembly. It was the first by the ruling Motherland Party to be contested without its founding leader, Turgut Özal, who had become Turkish ...

– October 20, 1991 – Total: 450 # DYP: 178 seats # ANAP: 115 seats # SHP: 88 seats # RP: 62 seats #

DSP DSP may refer to: Computing * Digital signal processing, the mathematical manipulation of an information signal * Digital signal processor, a microprocessor designed for digital signal processing * Yamaha DSP-1, a proprietary digital signal ...

: 7 seats *

1995 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on Sunday 24 December 1995, triggered by the newly re-established Republican People's Party's (CHP) withdrawal from a coalition government with the True Path Party (DYP). The coalition had been in government ...

– December 24, 1995 – Total: 550 # RP: 158 seats # DYP: 135 seats # ANAP: 132 seats #

: 76 seats # SHP: 49 seats * 1999 Turkish general election – April 18, 1999 – Total: 550 #

: 136 seats # MHP: 129 seats # FP: 111 seats # ANAP: 86 seats # DYP: 85 seats # Independent: 3 seats *

2002 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 3 November 2002 following the collapse of the Democratic Left Party–Nationalist Movement Party– Motherland Party coalition led by Bülent Ecevit. All 550 members of the Grand National Assembly wer ...

– November 3, 2002 – Total: 555 #

AK Party The Justice and Development Party ( tr, Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, ; AKP), abbreviated officially AK Party in English, is a political party in Turkey self-describing as conservative-democrat. It is one of the two major parties of contempora ...

: 363 seats # CHP: 178 seats # Independent: 9 seats *

2007 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 22 July 2007 to elect 550 members to the Grand National Assembly. Originally scheduled for November, the elections were brought forward after parliament failed to elect a new president to replace Ahme ...

– July 22, 2007 – Total: 550 #

: 341 seats # CHP: 112 seats # MHP: 71 seats # Independent: 26 seats (included 20 members of the

Democratic Society Party The Democratic Society Party ( tr, Demokratik Toplum Partisi, DTP, Kurdish: ''Partiya Civaka Demokratîk'', PCD) was a Kurdish nationalist political party in Turkey. The party considered itself social-democratic and had observer status in the So ...

) *

2011 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 12 June 2011 to elect the 550 members of Grand National Assembly. In accordance to the result of the constitutional referendum held in 2007, the elections were held four years after the previous election ...

– June 12, 2011 – Total: 550 #

: 327 seats # CHP: 135 seats # MHP: 53 seats # Independent: 35 seats (included 29 members of the

Peace and Democracy Party The Peace and Democracy Party ( tr, Barış ve Demokrasi Partisi, ku, Partiya Aştî û Demokrasiyê, BDP) was a Kurdish political party in Turkey existing from 2008 to 2014. Development BDP succeeded the Democratic Society Party (DTP) in 20 ...

) *

June 2015 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 7 June 2015 to elect Member of Parliament#Turkey, 550 members to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Grand National Assembly. This was the 24th general election in the History of the Republic of Turke ...

– June 7, 2015 – Total: 550 #

: 258 seats # CHP: 132 seats # MHP: 80 seats # HDP: 80 seats *

November 2015 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 1 November 2015 to elect 550 members to the Grand National Assembly. They were the 25th general elections in the History of the Republic of Turkey and elected the country's 26th Parliament. The elect ...

– November 1, 2015 – Total: 550 #

: 317 seats # CHP: 134 seats # HDP: 59 seats # MHP: 40 seats * 2018 Turkish parliamentary election, as part of the

2018 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 24 June 2018. Presidential elections were held to elect the President of Turkey using a two-round system. Parliamentary elections took place to elect 600 Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assem ...

– June 24, 2018 – Total: 600 #

: 295 seats # CHP: 146 seats # HDP: 67 seats # MHP: 49 seats # İYİ: 43 seats

Senate elections 1961–80

Local elections

The Turkish administrative system defines three different district types for local elections:

villages A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town (although the word is often used to describe both hamlets and smaller towns), with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to ...

cities A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

and metropolitan cities. The difference between cities and metropolitan cities derives from the size of the

population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...

. Cities with more than 750,000 residents are labeled as metropolitan cities while the rest are simply called cities. There are 31 metropolitan cities and 50 cities across Turkey, and voters in both will have a total of four votes. Depending on the type of area the citizen lives, he or she has the opportunity to cast vote for the following offices: People living in metropolitan cities: * Metropolitan municipality mayor * District mayor * Municipal council members * Muhtar People living in

: * Mayor * Municipal council members * Provincial assembly members * Muhtar People living in

: * Provincial assembly members * Muhtar The following is a summary of the past local elections. * 1930 Turkish local elections ** CHP: 502 municipalities ** SCF: 40 municipalities * 1934 Turkish local elections * 1938 Turkish local elections * 1942 Turkish local elections * 1946 Turkish local elections ** CHP: 54.65% ** DP: 43.35% * 1950 Turkish local elections – September 3, 1950 ** DP: 560 municipalities ** CHP: 40 municipalities * 1955 Turkish local elections *

1963 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 17 November 1963. In the elections, both the mayors and the local parliaments ( tr, İl Genel Meclisi) were elected. The figures presented below are the results of the local parliament elections. Results Provi ...

– November 17, 1963 ** AP: 45.48% ** CHP: 36.22% ** YTP: 6.51% ** MP: 3.09% ** CKMP: 3.06% ** TİP: 0.4% ** ...others *

1968 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 2 June 1968. In the elections, both the mayors and the local parliaments ( tr, İl Genel Meclisi) were elected. The figures presented below are the results of the local parliament elections. Results Provinci ...

– June 2, 1968 ** AP: 49.06% ** CHP: 27.9% ** GP: 6.62% ** MP: 3.5% ** TİP: 2.72% ** BP: 1.64% ** ...others *

1973 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 9 December 1973. In the elections, both the mayors and the local parliaments ( tr, İl Genel Meclisi) were elected. The figures presented below are the results of the local parliament elections. Results Prov ...

– December 9, 1973 ** CHP: 37.09% ** AP: 32.32% ** DP: 10.75% ** MSP: 6.2% ** CGP: 2.9% ** MHP: 1.33% ** ...others *

1977 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 11 December 1977. In the elections, both the mayors and the local parliaments ( tr, İl Genel Meclisi) were elected. The figures presented below are the results of the local parliament elections. Results Provin ...

– December 11, 1977 ** CHP: 41.73% ** AP: 37.1% ** MSP: 6.91% ** MHP: 6.62% ** DP: 1.0% ** ...others *

1984 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a sma ...

– March 25, 1984 ** ANAP: 41.52% **

SODEP The Social Democracy Party ( tr, Sosyal Demokrasi Partisi, SODEP) of Turkey was one of the two main parties of Turkey in early 1980s but later on merged with the People's Party to form the Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) in 1985. Ideolo ...

: 23.35% ** DYP: 13.25% ** HP: 8.76% ** MDP: 7.09% ** RP: 4.4% ** Independent: 1.63% *

1989 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 26 March 1989. In the elections, both the mayors and the local parliaments ( tr, İl Genel Meclisi) were elected. The figures presented below are the results of the local parliament elections. Results Provin ...

– March 26, 1989 ** SHP: 28.69% ** DYP: 25.13% ** ANAP: 21.8% ** RP: 9.8% **

: 9.03% ** MHP: 4.14% ** ...others *

1994 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a s ...

– March 27, 1994 ** DYP: 21.41% ** ANAP: 21.09% ** RP: 19.14% ** SHP: 13.53% **

: 8.75% ** MHP: 7.95% ** CHP: 4.61% ** ...others *

1999 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on April 18, 1999. Results Metropolitan municipality mayors Mayor of other municipalities References External linksResults of the local elections (in Turkish)
{{Turkish elections Local elections in ...

– April 18, 1999 **

: 18.7% ** MHP: 17.17% ** FP: 16.48% ** ANAP: 15.03% ** DYP: 13.21% ** CHP: 11.08% ** ...others *

2004 Turkish local elections The Turkish local elections of 2004 were held throughout the eighty-one Provinces of Turkey on 28 March 2004 in order to elect both mayors and councillors to local government positions. All 16 metropolitan and 3,193 district municipalities were u ...

– March 28, 2004 ** AKP: 41.6% ** CHP: 18.2% ** MHP: 10.4% ** DYP: 9.9% *

2009 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 29 March 2009. The overall winner was the ruling party Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party, although the party saw a decline in its vote relative to the 2007 Turkish general ...

– March 22, 2009 ** AKP: 38.99% ** CHP: 23.23% ** MHP: 16.13% ** ...others *

2014 Turkish local elections Local elections (formal: local authority general elections, Turkish: ''Mahalli İdareler Genel Seçimi'' or simply ''Yerel Seçimleri'') were held in Turkey on 30 March 2014, with some repeated on 1 June 2014. Metropolitan and district mayors as ...

– March 30, 2014 ** AKP: 43.31% ** CHP: 25.59% ** MHP: 17.63% ** ...others *

2019 Turkish local elections The Turkish local elections of 2019 were held on Sunday 31 March 2019 throughout the 81 provinces of Turkey. A total of 30 metropolitan and 1,351 district municipal mayors, alongside 1,251 provincial and 20,500 municipal councillors were elected, ...

– March 31, 2019 ** AKP: 44.32% ** CHP: 30.10% ** İYİ: 7.45% ** ...others

By-elections

If too many seats become vacant in the parliament or if elections in a district is not properly conducted, then a by-election is required to take place. * 1936 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1945 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1947 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1948 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1949 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1951 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1966 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1968 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1975 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1979 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1986 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 2003 Turkish parliamentary by-elections

Referendums

1961 Turkish constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 9 July 1961. Following the coup d'état the previous year, a new constitution was drawn up to replace the one from 1924. It was approved by 61.7% of voters, with an 81.0% turnout.Dieter Nohlen, F ...

1987 Turkish constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 6 September 1987 to amend the "temporary article" 4 of the constitution, which had forbidden the leaders of banned parties (a total of 242 people) from taking part in politics for 10 years. The go ...

* 1988 Turkish constitutional referendum * 2007 Turkish constitutional referendum * 2010 Turkish constitutional referendum * 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum

Voter turnout

The

voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...

for the average of 18 parliamentary election is 81.4%; of the local elections is 78.7% and of the referendums is 83.1%. Turkey relatively has a high voter turnout rate comparing to modern democracies. The participation rate in Turkey is also higher than the participation rates in countries where

compulsory voting Compulsory voting, also called mandatory voting, is the requirement in some countries that eligible citizens register and vote in elections. Penalties might be imposed on those who fail to do so without a valid reason. According to the CIA World ...

is loosely applied. With the exception of 1960–1970, voter turnout rate in Turkey is above the world average from 1950 to the present in Turkey.

References

External links

Elections in Turkey - Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

Supreme Election Council
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elections In Turkey