The (

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

for Effigy of the Republic) is used as a national personification, both in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

and in

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

, symbolizing the Republic.

Brazil

The effigy is a representation of a young woman wearing a crown of

bay leaves The bay leaf is an aromatic leaf commonly used in cooking. It can be used whole, either dried or fresh, in which case it is removed from the dish before consumption, or less commonly used in ground form. It may come from several species of tr ...

in Roman style and a phrygian cap. It is present in allegoric paintings and

sculptures Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...

displayed in government buildings throughout Brazil, and engraved on

Brazilian real The Brazilian real ( pl. '; sign: R$; code: BRL) is the official currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the cruzeiro real in 1994 ...

coins and banknotes. It was first used as a pro-Republican icon in the 19th century, inspired by

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

Marianne Marianne () has been the national personification of the French Republic since the French Revolution, as a personification of liberty, equality, fraternity and reason, as well as a portrayal of the Goddess of Liberty. Marianne is displayed in ...

. After the proclamation of the Republic in 1889, it became an important symbol of the newly formed Republic.

Portugal

The Portuguese is represented as a young woman wearing the phrygian cap, probably modeled after

, the French personification of

Liberty Liberty is the ability to do as one pleases, or a right or immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant (i.e. privilege). It is a synonym for the word freedom. In modern politics, liberty is understood as the state of being free within society fr ...

, familiar from

Eugène Delacroix Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix ( , ; 26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863) was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school.Noon, Patrick, et al., ''Crossing the Channel: Britis ...

' ''

Liberty Leading the People ''Liberty Leading the People'' (french: La Liberté guidant le peuple ) is a painting by Eugène Delacroix commemorating the July Revolution of 1830, which toppled King Charles X. A woman of the people with a Phrygian cap personifying the conc ...

'' (1830). As a national distinction, the Portuguese Republic is represented wearing green and red clothes. The was adopted as a Portuguese State official symbol after the 5 October 1910 revolution, when the Republic substituted the

Monarchy A monarchy is a government#Forms, form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication. The legitimacy (political)#monarchy, political legitimacy and authority of the monarch may vary from restric ...

. Before that, it was used as a political symbol by the Portuguese republicans. Later, the sculpture of Simões de Almeida, representing the ''Busto da República'' (Bust of the Republic), became the standard for official use. A reproduction of the Bust of the Republic had to be present, in prominence, in all public buildings and was also present, as an effigy, in the

escudo The escudo ( Portuguese: 'shield') is a unit of currency historically used in Portugal and its colonies in South America, Asia, and Africa. It was originally worth 16 silver . The Cape Verdean escudo and the former Portuguese escudo (PTE), eac ...

coins. It was considered by the new republican regime as a national symbol of Portugal, like the

national coat of arms A national coat of arms is a symbol which denotes an independent state in the form of a heraldic achievement. While a national flag is usually used by the population at large and is flown outside and on ships, a national coat of arms is normally ...

or the national flag.Portaria n.º 497 de 16 de outubro de 1915 (''Determinando que na sala das audiências e sessões de todos os tribunais se coloque o busto da República'')
/ref> Although the original intention was for the to become considered as the personification of the own Portuguese Nation, it never gained popularity in that role. Usually it remains seen only as the personification of the republican regimen, and not as a national symbol. While frequently used in the first half of the 20th century, its use today is rare.

Gallery

File:Estremoz13.jpg, Effigy of the Portuguese Republic, 1910 File:Décio Villares - A República.jpg, Profile view of the Brazilian republic. Oil on canvas painting by

Décio Villares Décio Rodrigues Villares (1 December 1851, in Rio de Janeiro – 21 June 1931, in Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian painter, sculptor, caricaturist, and graphic designer. He is best known for helping to design the blue disc on the Brazilian Flag an ...

, 1919. File:2 Brazil real Second Obverse.jpg, Effigy of the Federative Republic of Brazil on a 2 Reais banknote. File:PRT008.JPG, Effigy of the Portuguese Republic on a 50 centavos coin (1912-1968). File:Pela República, Roque Gameiro.png, The main figures of the Republican faction of the 5 October 1910 revolution. File:Busto da República (1908) - José Simões de Almeida (sobrinho), Museu da Presidência da República.png, Official Bust of the Portuguese Republic, by José Simões de Almeida, 1908 File:Efígie da República (1916) - Anjos Teixeira.png, Effigy of the Portuguese Republic in the Assembly of the Republic, by Anjos Teixiera, 1916

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Efigie Da Republica National symbols of Brazil National symbols of Portugal Fictional Portuguese people National personifications Liberty symbols

Brazil

Portugal

Gallery

See also

References