Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne is a title in the

Peerage of Scotland The Peerage of Scotland ( gd, Moraireachd na h-Alba, sco, Peerage o Scotland) is one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Unio ...

and the

Peerage of the United Kingdom The Peerage of the United Kingdom is one of the five Peerages in the United Kingdom. It comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Acts of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great ...

. It was first created as Earl of Kinghorne in the Peerage of Scotland in 1606 for Patrick Lyon. In 1677, the designation of the earldom changed to "Strathmore and Kinghorne". A second earldom was bestowed on the 14th Earl in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1937, leading to him being titled as the ''14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne''. Aside from the earldoms, the Earl holds the subsidiary titles: Viscount Lyon (created 1677), Lord Glamis, Tannadyce, Sidlaw and Strathdichtie (1677), Lord Lyon and Glamis (1606), Lord Glamis (1445) and Baron Bowes (1887) of

Streatlam Castle Streatlam Castle was a Baroque stately home located near the town of Barnard Castle in County Durham, England, that was demolished in 1959. Owned by the Bowes-Lyon family, Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne, the house was one of the family's thre ...

, in the

County of Durham The County Palatine of Durham and Sadberge, commonly referred to as County Durham or simply Durham, is a historic county in Northern England. Until 1889, it was controlled by powers granted under the Bishopric of Durham. The county and Northum ...

, and of

Lunedale Lunedale is the dale, or valley, of the River Lune, on the east side of the Pennines in England, west of Middleton-in-Teesdale. Its principal settlements are Grassholme, Thringarth and Bowbank. Lunedale is also the name of a civil parish w ...

, in the

County of York Yorkshire ( ; abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a historic county in northern England and by far the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its large area in comparison with other English counties, functions have ...

. An earlier creation of ''Baron Bowes'' (1815), in favour of the 10th Earl became extinct on his death in 1821. The first three are in the Peerage of Scotland; the last two in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The eldest son of the earl uses ''Lord Glamis'' as a

courtesy title A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but rather is used through custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title). In some con ...

. Normally, the highest subsidiary title (in this case ''Viscount Lyon'') would be used, but Lord Glamis is used instead to prevent confusion with the

officer of arms An officer of arms is a person appointed by a sovereign or state with authority to perform one or more of the following functions: * to control and initiate armorial matters; * to arrange and participate in ceremonies of state; * to conserve a ...

Lord Lyon King of Arms The Right Honourable the Lord Lyon King of Arms, the head of Lyon Court, is the most junior of the Great Officers of State in Scotland and is the Scottish official with responsibility for regulating heraldry in that country, issuing new grants ...

. The earl is also

Chief Chief may refer to: Title or rank Military and law enforcement * Chief master sergeant, the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force * Chief of police, the head of a police department * Chief of the bo ...

of Clan Lyon.

Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon (4 August 1900 – 30 March 2002) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 to 6 February 1952 as the wife of King George VI. She was th ...

(1900–2002) was the daughter of the 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and the sister of the 15th Earl. The family seat is Glamis Castle, in

Angus, Scotland Angus ( sco, Angus; gd, Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, a registration county and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include ...

. Other family seats were

Gibside Gibside is an estate in the Derwent Valley in North East England. It is between Rowlands Gill, in Tyne and Wear, and Burnopfield, in County Durham, and a few miles from Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Gibside was previously owned by the Bowes-Lyon family. ...

, near Burnopfield,

County Durham County Durham ( ), officially simply Durham,UK General Acts 1997 c. 23Lieutenancies Act 1997 Schedule 1(3). From legislation.gov.uk, retrieved 6 April 2022. is a ceremonial county in North East England.North East Assembly �About North East E ...

and

, near

Barnard Castle Barnard Castle (, ) is a market town on the north bank of the River Tees, in County Durham, Northern England. The town is named after and built around a medieval castle ruin. The town's Bowes Museum's has an 18th-century Silver Swan automato ...

. The traditional burial place of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne is in an aisle of

Glamis Glamis is a small village in Angus, Scotland, located south of Kirriemuir and southwest of Forfar. It is the location of Glamis Castle, the childhood home of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. History The vicinity of Glamis has prehistoric ...

parish church A parish church (or parochial church) in Christianity is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish. In many parts of the world, especially in rural areas, the parish church may play a significant role in community activities, ...

History

The established history of Clan Lyon states that the family is of French origin, with the original name ''de Leonne'', but

James Balfour Paul Sir James Balfour Paul (16 November 1846 – 15 September 1931) was the Lord Lyon King of Arms, the officer responsible for heraldry in Scotland, from 1890 until the end of 1926. Life Paul was born in Edinburgh, the second son of the Rev Jo ...

, in his ''

Scots Peerage ''The Scots Peerage'' is a nine-volume book series of the Scottish nobility compiled and edited by Sir James Balfour Paul, published in Edinburgh from 1904 to 1914. The full title is ''The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Rober ...

'', states that the family is likely of

Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foo ...

origin. The family's earliest recorded possessions, the thanages of Glamis, Glamis, Tannadyce and Belhelvies, were in a Celtic stronghold, while government positions held by family chiefs would have required fluency in

Gaelic Gaelic is an adjective that means "pertaining to the Gaels". As a noun it refers to the group of languages spoken by the Gaels, or to any one of the languages individually. Gaelic languages are spoken in Ireland, Scotland, the Isle of Man, an ...

. The first recorded family member,

John Lyon, Lord of Glamis Sir John Lyon, Thane of Glamis, ''jure uxoris'' Thane of Tannadyce (4 November 1382), was Chamberlain of Scotland between 1377 and 1382. Family origins See main article: Lyons family Sir John Lyon was the son of Sir John Lyon (born ), feudal bar ...

, was a courtier and diplomat, who was appointed Keeper of the Privy Seal in 1371 on the accession of Robert II. He acquired significant lands, and on 18 March 1372, Robert II granted him "the free barony of Glamuyss in the sheriffdom of Forfar." Glamis has remained the seat of the family ever since.

Thanes of Glamis (1372)

* John Lyon, 1st Thane of Glamis (died 1382)

Masters of Glamis

* John Lyon, 1st Master of Glamis (died 1435)

Lord Glamis (1445)

* Patrick Lyon, 1st Lord Glamis (died 1459) * Alexander Lyon, 2nd Lord Glamis (died 1486) * John Lyon, 3rd Lord Glamis (died 1497) * John Lyon, 4th Lord Glamis (died 1500) * George Lyon, 5th Lord Glamis (died 1505) * John Lyon, 6th Lord Glamis (–1528) *

John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis (1558) was a Scottish nobleman. Life He was born about 1521, the son of John Lyon, 6th Lord Glamis, by Janet Douglas, second daughter of George, master of Angus. His father died in 1528. Along with his mother, who ha ...

(–1558) (forfeit in 1537 but restored in 1543) *

John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis (died 1578) was a Scottish nobleman, judge and Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. Life He was the eldest son of John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis, by his wife, Janet Keith, daughter of Robert Keith, Master of Marischal, and si ...

(–1578): see also

Thomas Lyon (of Auldbar) Sir Thomas Lyon, Master of Glamis (died 1608) was a Scottish nobleman and official, Lord High Treasurer of Scotland. Master of Glamis Lyon was the younger son of John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis, by his wife Janet Keith, daughter of Robert, Lord Keith ...

, Master of Glamis. * Patrick Lyon, 9th Lord Glamis (c. 1575–1615) (created Earl of Kinghorne in 1606)

Earls of Kinghorne (1606)

* Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne (c. 1575–1615) *John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne (1596–1646) * Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Kinghorne (1643–1695) (designation of the earldom changed to "Strathmore and Kinghorne")

Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1677)

* Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1643–1695) *

John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (16631712) was a Scottish nobleman and peer. He was the son of Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. He married Elizabeth Stanhope on 21 September 1691 and was succeeded as Earl by hi ...

(1663–1712) **Patrick Lyon, Lord Glamis (1692–1709) **Philip Lyon, Lord Glamis (1693–1712) *

John Lyon, 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second ...

(1696–1715) *

Charles Lyon, 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne Charles Lyon, 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (c. 1699 – 11 May 1728) was a Scottish peer and nobleman. He was the son of John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. His exact date of birth is unknown but he was baptised on 12 July ...

Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...

. (created Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the peerage of the United Kingdom in 1937) * Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 15th and 2nd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1884–1949) **John Patrick Bowes-Lyon, Master of Glamis (1910–1941) * Timothy Bowes-Lyon, 16th and 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1918–1972) * Fergus Michael Claude Bowes-Lyon, 17th and 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1928–1987) – first cousin of the 16th Earl, grandson of the 14th Earl * Michael Fergus Bowes-Lyon, 18th and 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1957–2016) * Simon Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 19th and 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (b. 1986) The

heir presumptive An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir apparent or a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the position in question. ...

is the current holder's younger brother, The Hon. John Fergus Bowes-Lyon (b. 1988).

Arms

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Strathmore And Kinghorne Earldoms in the Peerage of Scotland * Clan Lyon Earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom 1372 establishments in Scotland Noble titles created in 1606 Noble titles created in 1937