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The EOC 12 inch 45 calibre gun were various similar 12-inch wire-wound naval guns designed and manufactured by
Elswick supplied its 12-inch 45-
Brazil 12"/45 (30.5 cm) Elswick Pattern L
* Tony DiGiulian
Elswick Ordnance Company
The Elswick Ordnance Company (sometimes referred to as Elswick Ordnance Works, but usually as "EOC") was a British armaments manufacturing company of the late 19th and early 20th century
History
Originally created in 1859 to separate William A ...
to equip ships that the parent company Armstrong Whitworth
Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Co Ltd was a major British manufacturing company of the early years of the 20th century. With headquarters in Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne, Armstrong Whitworth built armaments, ships, locomotives, automobiles and ...
built and/or armed for several countries before World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
.
History
Brazil service
Elswick supplied its 12-inch 45-calibre
In guns, particularly firearms, caliber (or calibre; sometimes abbreviated as "cal") is the specified nominal internal diameter of the gun barrel bore – regardless of how or where the bore is measured and whether the finished bore match ...
guns for the s completed by itself and Vickers in 1910 for Brazil.
UK service
WhenWorld War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
began, Elswick were completing the battleship for the Ottoman Empire, originally begun as for Brazil. It was armed with 14 of a slightly later version of Elswick's 12-inch 45-calibre guns. The battleship was completed as and served in the Royal Navy in World War I, with its guns designated BL 12 inch Mk XIII.Britain used Roman numerals to denote Marks (models) of ordnance until after World War II. This was the thirteenth model of BL 12-inch gun in British service. The gun's performance was similar to the standard Royal Navy equivalent gun, the BL 12 inch Mk X designed by Vickers.
Japan service
Elswick supplied its 12-inch 45-calibre guns to theImperial Japanese Navy
The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: Shinjitai: ' 'Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire', or ''Nippon Kaigun'', 'Japanese Navy') was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's surrend ...
, and they were also manufactured under licence in Japan. In Japanese service from 1908 they became 12"/45 41st Year Type and later after the navy metricised in 1917, 30 cm/45 41st Year Type. They equipped the following ship classes:
* s commissioned 1906
* commissioned in 1907 & 1911
* battlecruisers commissioned 1908
* Battleship as re-gunned in 1908
* s commissioned 1910 & 1912
* s commissioned 1912
Surviving examples
* On the , Yokosuka, JapanSee also
*List of naval guns
List of Naval Guns by country of origin in decreasing caliber size
List of naval guns by caliber size, all countries
Naval anti-aircraft guns
See also
* List of artillery
* List of the largest cannon by caliber
*Glossary of British ordnanc ...
Weapons of comparable role, performance and era
* 305mm/45 Modèle 1906 gun French equivalent *BL 12 inch Mk X naval gun
The BL 12 inch Gun Mark XMark X = Mark 10. Succeeding versions were Mark XI (11) and XII (12). Britain used Roman numerals to denote Marks (models) of ordnance until after World War II was a British 45-calibre naval gun which was mounted a ...
Vickers
Vickers was a British engineering company that existed from 1828 until 1999. It was formed in Sheffield as a steel foundry by Edward Vickers and his father-in-law, and soon became famous for casting church bells. The company went public i ...
equivalent
* 12"/45 caliber Mark 5 gun
The 12″/45 caliber Mark 5 gun was an American naval gun that first entered service in 1906. Initially designed for use with the of pre-dreadnought battleships, the Mark 5 continued in service aboard the first generation of American dreadnought ...
US equivalent
Notes
References
* Tony DiGiulianBrazil 12"/45 (30.5 cm) Elswick Pattern L
* Tony DiGiulian
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:EOC 12 inch 45 naval gun Naval guns of the United Kingdom Naval weapons of Brazil 305 mm artillery Elswick Ordnance Company Naval guns of Japan