This is an incomplete list of Dutch language, Dutch expressions used in English language, English; some are relatively common (e.g. ''cookie''), some are comparatively rare. In a survey by Joseph M. Williams in ''Origins of the English Language'' it is estimated that about 1% of English words are of Dutch origin. In many cases the loanword has assumed a meaning substantially different from its Dutch forebear. Some English words have been borrowed directly from Dutch. But typically, English spellings of Dutch loanwords suppress combinations of vowels of the original word which do not exist in English and replace them with existing vowel combinations respectively. For example, the oe in ''koekje'' or ''koekie'' becomes oo in ''cookie'', the ij (considered a vowel in Dutch) and the ui in ''vrijbuiter'' becomes ee and oo in ''freebooter'', the aa in ''baas'' becomes o in ''boss'', the oo in ''stoof'' becomes o in ''stove''. As languages, English and Dutch are both West Germanic languages, West Germanic, and descend further back from the common ancestor language Germanic languages, Proto-Germanic. Their relationship however, has been obscured by the Lexicon, lexical influence of Old Norse as a consequence of Viking expansion from the 9th till the 11th century, and Norman French, as a consequence of the Norman conquest of England in 1066. Because of their close common relationship - in addition to the large Latin and French Language, French vocabulary both languages possess - many English words are essentially identical to their Dutch lexical counterparts, either in spelling (''plant'', ''begin'', ''fruit''), pronunciation (''pool'' = ''pole'', ''boek'' = ''book'', ''diep'' = ''deep''), or both (''offer'', ''hard'', ''lip'') or as false friends (''ramp'' = ''disaster'', ''roof'' = ''robbery'', ''mop'' = ''joke''). These cognates or in other ways related words are excluded from this list. Dutch expressions have been incorporated into English usage for many reasons and in different periods in time. These are some of the most common ones: ;From Old Dutch : * Many Latinate words in the English lexicon were borrowed from Latin. Quite a few of these words can further trace their origins back to a Germanic source - usually Old Low Franconian. Old Dutch is the western variant of this language. In cases it is not clear whether the loanword is from Old Dutch (Old West Low Franconian) or another Germanic language, they have been excluded from the list. ''See also: List of English Latinates of Germanic origin'' * Since speakers of West Germanic languages spoken along the North Sea coast from the 5th to the 9th century lived close enough together to form a linguistic sprachbund, crossroads - water was the main way of transportation - Dutch and English share some traits that other West Germanic languages do not possess. Lexical examples are Dutch ''vijf'' / English ''five'' (compare German: ''Fünf'') and Dutch ''leef'' / English ''live'' (compare German ''Leben''). These words have been excluded from the list. ''See also: Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law'' * Since the Norman conquest of 1066 many Latinate words entered the English lexicon via French, which has – via Old French – a substantial base of Old Dutch (or Old Low Franconian) and Middle Dutch. For instance, French ''boulevard'' comes from Dutch ''bolwerk''. In cases it is not clear whether the loanword in French is from Dutch or another Germanic language, they have been excluded from the list. ''See also: Frankish language#Influence on French, Influence of Franconian language on French'' For some loanwords stemming from this period it is not always clear whether they are of Old Dutch, Old Norse, another Germanic language or an unknown Old English origin. These words have been excluded from the list, or indicated as such. ;From Middle Dutch : * About one-third of the invading Norman army of 1066 came from Dutch speaking County of Flanders, Flanders. Many Flemings stayed in England after the Conquest and influenced the English language. * The main part of refugees to England, Wales and Scotland from the 11th till the 17th century were from the Low Countries; particularly Flemish skilled weavers and textile workers immigrated as a result of floods, overpopulation and warfare in County of Flanders, Flanders. In 1527, when England's population numbered 5 million, London alone had tens of thousands of Flemings, while an estimated third of the Scottish population has a Flemish background. The Hanseatic League had in the late Middle Ages a trade network along the coast of Northern Europe and England, using to Dutch related Middle Low German as lingua franca. Some loanwords from this period could come from either language. These words have been excluded from the list, or indicated as such. ;From Modern Dutch : * In the Dutch Golden Age, spanning most of the 17th century, Dutch trade, science, military, and Dutch art, art were among the most acclaimed in the world, and many English words of Dutch origin concerning these areas are stemming from this period. * English and Dutch rivalry at sea resulted in many Dutch naval terms in English. ''See also: Dutch linguistic influence on naval terms'' * Via settlements in North America and elsewhere in the world Dutch language influenced English spoken there, particularly American English. That resulted also in numerous place names based on Dutch words and places. These are excluded from the list unless they are well known, like ''Brooklyn'' (from the Dutch town ''Breukelen'') and ''Wall Street'' (from Dutch ''Walstraat''). ''See also: List of place names of Dutch origin'' * Due to contact between Afrikaans and English speakers in South Africa, many Dutch words entered English via Afrikaans, which has an estimated 90 to 95% vocabulary of Dutch origin. Only the words that entered ''standard'' English are listed here. Afrikaans words that do not stem from Cape Dutch but from an African, Indian or other European language, are not listed here. ''See also: List of English words of Afrikaans origin and List of South African slang words'' __NOTOC__

A

; Aardvark : from South African Dutch ''aardvark'' (''earth'' + ''pig'')
/sup> ; Afrikaans : from Dutch ''Afrikaans'' (''Africanish'')
/sup> ; wiktionary:aloof, Aloof : from Old French ''lof'', based on Middle Dutch ''lof'' (''windward direction'') + Middle English ''a''
/sup> ; Apartheid : from Afrikaans Apartheid, from Dutch ''apart'' + suffix ''-heid'' (''separate'' + ''-hood'')
/sup> ; wiktionary:avast, Avast : from 17th century Dutch ''hou'vast'' (''hold fast'', ''hold steady'')
/sup>

B

; Bamboo : from 16th century Dutch ''bamboe'', based on Malay mambu
/sup> ; Batik : from Dutch ''batik'', based on Javanese ''amba'' + ''titik'' (''to write'' + ''dot, point'')
/sup> ; Bazooka : from US slang ''wiktionary:bazoo, bazoo'' (''mouth''), based on Dutch ''bazuin'' (''trompet'')
/sup> ; Beaker (drinkware), Beaker : from either Old Norse ''bikarr'' or Middle Dutch ''beker'' (''mug'', ''cup'')
/sup> ; wiktionary:beleaguer, Beleaguer : from 16th century Dutch ''belegeren'' (''besiege'')
/sup> ; Berm : from French ''berme'', based on Old Dutch ''b(a)erm''
/sup> ; wiktionary:bicker, Bicker : from Middle Dutch ''bicken'' (''to slash'', ''attack'') + Middle English frequentative suffix ''-er''
/sup> ; wiktionary:blare, Blare : from an unrecorded Old English ''*blæren'' or from Middle Dutch ''blaren'' and ''blèren'' (''to bleat'', ''to shout'')
/sup> ; wiktionary:blasé, Blasé : via French ''blasé'', past participle of ''blaser'' (="to satiate"), perhaps from Dutch ''blazen'' (="to blow"), with a sense of "puffed up under the effects of drinking"
/sup> ; wiktionary:blaze, Blaze (to make public, often in a bad sense, boastfully) : from Middle Dutch ''blasen'' (="to blow, on a trumpet)
/sup> ; wiktionary:blink, Blink : perhaps from Middle Dutch ''blinken'' (="to glitter")
/sup> ; wiktionary:blister, Blister : via Old French ''blestre'', perhaps from a Scandinavian source or from Middle Dutch ''blyster'' (="swelling")
/sup> ; wiktionary:block, Block (solid piece) : via Old French ''bloc'' (="log, block"), from Middle Dutch ''blok'' (="trunk of a tree")
/sup> ; wiktionary:bluff, Bluff (poker term) : from Dutch ''bluffen'' (="to brag, boast") or ''verbluffen'' (="to baffle, mislead")
/sup> ; wiktionary:bluff, Bluff (landscape feature) : from Dutch ''blaf'' (="flat, broad"), apparently a North Sea nautical term for ships with flat vertical bows, later extended to landscape features
/sup> ; wiktionary:blunderbuss, Blunderbuss : from Dutch ''donderbus'', from ''donder'' (="thunder") + ''bus'' (="gun," originally "box, tube"), altered by resemblance to ''blunder''
/sup> ; Boer (Dutch colonist in South Africa) : from Dutch ''boer'' (="farmer"), from Middle Dutch
/sup> ; Humphrey Bogart, Bogart: after Humphrey Bogart
/sup>. ''Boomgaard'' means "orchard" ("tree-garden")
/sup>. ; Bokkoms : from Dutch ''bokking'' (="buckling"), a type of salter fish ; Boodle : from Dutch ''boedel'' (="property")
/sup> ; Boom (sailing), Boom : from ''boom'' (="tree"); cognate to English ''beam''
/sup> ; Boomslang : from ''boomslang'' (="tree snake"), a type of snake ; wikt:booze, Booze : from Middle Dutch ''busen'' (="to drink in excess");
/sup> according to JW de Vries ''busen'' is equivalent to ''buizen'' Het verhaal van een taal, negen eeuwen nederlands, http://www.pbo.nl ; wikt:boss, Boss : from ''baas''
/sup> ; Boulevard : from "''bolwerk''", which came as ''boulevard'' into French, then into English. "''Bolwerk''" was also directly borrowed as 'bulwark' ; Bow (ship), Bow (front of a ship) : from Old Norse ''bogr'', Low German ''boog'' or Dutch ''boeg''
/sup> ; wiktionary:brackish, Brackish : from Middle Dutch or Low German ''brac'' (="salty", also "worthless")
/sup> ; Brandy (wine): from ''brandewijn'' (literally "burnt wine")
/sup> ; Brooklyn: after the town of Breukelen near Utrecht ; wikt:bruin, Bruin/Bruins: archaic English word for brown bear, derived from the Dutch word for brown ''bruin'' ; Buckwheat:from Middle Dutch ''boecweite'' (="beech wheat") because of its resemblance to grains and seed of beech wheat
/sup> ; wikt:bully, Bully : from ''boel'' (="lover", "brother")
/sup>. ; Bulwark (disambiguation), Bulwark : from ''bolwerk''
/sup> ; wiktionary:bumpkin, Bumpkin: from ''bommekijn'' ('little barrel')
/sup> ; wiktionary:bundle, Bundle : from Middle Dutch ''bondel'' or perhaps a merger of this word and Old English ''byndele'' ('binding')
/sup> ; wiktionary:bung, Bung : from Middle Dutch ''bonge'' (="stopper")
/sup> ; Buoy: from ''boei'' (="shackle" or "buoy")
/sup> ; wiktionary:bush, Bush (uncleared district of a British colony) : probably from Dutch ''bosch'', in the same sense, since it seems to appear first in former Dutch colonies
/sup>

C

; Caboose : from ''kambuis'' or ''kombuis'' (="ship's kitchen", "galley")
/sup> ; wiktionary:cam, Cam : from 18th century Dutch ''cam'' (''cog of a wheel", originally ''comb'', cognate of English ''comb'') or from English ''camber'' (''having a slight arch'')
/sup> ; Cockatoo : from ''kaketoe''
/sup> ; Cashier : from Middle Dutch ''cassier''
/sup> ; Coleslaw : from 18th century Dutch ''koolsla'' (''cabbage salad'')
/sup> ; Commodore (rank), Commodore : probably from Dutch ''kommandeur'', from French ''commandeur'', from Old French ''comandeor''
/sup> ; Cookie : from ''koekje'', or in informal Dutch ''koekie''
/sup> (="biscuit", "cookie") ; Coney Island : (English dialect word for ''Rabbit'') from ''Conyne Eylandt'' (literally "Rabbit Island"), in modern Dutch ''konijn'' and ''eiland''. ; wikt:cramp, Cramp : (metal bar bent at both ends) from Middle Dutch ''crampe'' or Middle Low German ''krampe''.
/sup> ; Cricket : from Old French ''criquet'' 'goal post', 'stick', perhaps from Middle Dutch ''cricke'' 'stick, staff'
/sup> ; wikt:crimp, Crimp : from Old English ''gecrympan'', perhaps reintroduced from Low German or Dutch ''krimpen'' (''to shrink'') ; wikt:croon, Croon : via Scottish, from Middle Dutch ''kronen'' (= to lament, mourn)
/sup> ; wikt:cruise, Cruise : from Dutch ''kruisen'' (="to cross, sail to and fro"), from ''kruis'' (="cross")
/sup> ; Cruller : from 19th century Dutch ''krullen'' (''to curl'')
/sup>

D

; Dam : from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German ''dam'', or from Old Norse ''dammr''
/sup> ; wiktionary:dapper, Dapper : from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German ''dapper'' (''bold'', ''sturdy'')
/sup> ; Deck (disambiguation), Deck : from 16th century Middle Dutch ''dec'' or ''dekken'' (''to cover'')
/sup> ; Decoy : possibly from 16th century Dutch ''de'' (''the'') + ''kooi'' (''cage'', used of a pond surrounded by nets, into which wildfowl were lured for capture)
/sup>. Or from 16th century Dutch "eendekooi" (duck cage; a cage with an artificial duck to lure wild ducks); mistranslated as "een" dekooi; should have been read as "eend (duck)" -e- "kooi (cage)"-> a (article) dekooi -> (a) decoy ; Dock (maritime), Dock : from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German ''docke''
/sup> ; Dollar: from Dutch ''(Rijks)daalder'' ; wiktionary:domineer, Domineer : from late 16th century Dutch ''dominieren'' (''to rule''), based on Middle French ''dominer''
/sup> ; Illegal drugs, Dope : from American English ''dope'', based on Dutch ''doop'' (''sauce'') or ''dopen'' (''to dip'' or ''to baptise'')
/sup> ; Dredge : from Scottish ''dreg-boat'' (''boat for dredging''), perhaps based on Middle Dutch ''dregghe'' (''drag-net'')
/sup> ; Drill (verb) : from 17th century Dutch ''drillen''
/sup> ; wiktionary:drug, Drug : from Old French ''drogue'', based on Middle Dutch ''droge-vate'' (''dry barrels'', with first element mistaken as word for the contents)
/sup> ; Dune : from French ''dune'', based on Middle Dutch ''dune''
/sup>

E

; Easel : from ''ezel'' (=originally (and still) "donkey"; "(schilders)ezel"=easel, lit. "painter's donkey")
/sup> ; Elope : from ''ontlopen'' (run away)
/sup> ; wikt:etch, Etch : from Dutch ''ets'' or ''etsen''
/sup> ; Excise (noun) : (="tax on goods") from Middle Dutch ''excijs'', apparently altered from ''accijns'' (="tax"); English got the word, and the idea for the tax, from the Netherlands.
/sup>

F

; Filibuster : from Spanish ''filibustero'' from French ''flibustier'' ultimately from Dutch ''vrijbuiter'' (="pirate" or "freebooter")
/sup> ; Flushing, Queens : from Vlissingen, a city in the Netherlands ; wiktionary:foist, Foist : from Dutch ''vuisten'' (="take in hand"), from Middle Dutch ''vuist'' (="fist")
/sup> ; Forlorn hope : from ''verloren hoop'' (literally "lost heap or group", figuratively "suicide mission," "cannon fodder")
/sup> Forlorn also has identical cognates in German and the Scandinavian languages. ; wiktionary:freebooter, Freebooter : from ''vrijbuiter''
/sup> ; Freight : from ''vracht''
/sup> ; wiktionary:frolic, Frolic : from ''vrolijk'' (="cheerful")
/sup> ; wiktionary:furlough, Furlough : from ''verlof'' (="permission (to leave)")
/sup>

G

; wiktionary:galoot, Galoot : (="awkward or boorish man"), originally a sailor's contemptuous word (="raw recruit, green hand") for soldiers or marines, of uncertain origin; "Dictionary of American Slang" proposes ''galut'', Sierra Leone creole form of Spanish ''galeoto'' (="galley slave"); perhaps rather Dutch slang ''kloot'' (="testicle"), ''klootzak'' (="scrotum"), used figuratively as an insult
/sup> ; Gas : from ''gas'', a neologism from Jan Baptista van Helmont, derived from the Greek language, Greek Chaos (cosmogony), chaos
/sup> ; Geek : from ''geck'' (gek) (="fool")
/sup>
/sup> ; Gherkin : from Dutch plural of ''gurk'' "cucumber", shortened form of East Frisian ''augurk''
/sup> ; wiktionary:gimp, Gimp (cord or thread) : from Dutch ''gimp''
/sup> ; Gin : from ''jenever''
/sup> ; Gnu : from ''gnoe'', earlier ''t’gnu'', from a Khoikhoi language, Khoikhoi word ; Golf : from ''kolf'' (="bat, club," but also a game played with these) ; wiktionary:grab, Grab : from ''grijpen'' (="to seize, to grasp, to snatch")
/sup> ; wiktionary:gruff, Gruff : from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German ''grof'' (="coarse (in quality), thick, large")
/sup> ; Guilder : from ''wikt:gulden, gulden''
/sup>

H

; wiktionary:hale, Hale (verb) : (="drag, summon"), from Old Frankonian ''haler'' (="to pull, haul"), from Frankonian ''*halon'' or Old Dutch ''halen'', both from Proto Germanic
/sup> ; wiktionary:hankering, Hankering : from Middle Dutch ''hankeren'' or Dutch ''hunkeren''
/sup> ; Harlem : called after the city of Haarlem near Amsterdam ; Hartebeest : from both Afrikaans (Hartebees) and Dutch (Hartenbeest) ; Hoboken, New Jersey, Hoboken : possibly named after the Flemish town Hoboken, Antwerp, Hoboken, from Middle Dutch ''Hooghe Buechen'' or ''Hoge Beuken'' (="High Beeches" or "Tall Beeches") ; wiktionary:howitzer, Howitzer : from Dutch ''houwitzer'', which in turn comes from German ''Haussnitz'' and later ''Haubitze''. ; wiktionary:hoist, Hoist : possibly from Middle Dutch ''hijsen''
/sup> ; wiktionary:holster, Holster : from ''holster''
/sup> ; wiktionary:hooky, Hooky : from ''hoekje'' (=corner) in the sense of "to go around the corner"
/sup> ; wiktionary:hoyden, Hoyden : maybe from ''heiden'' (=backwoodsman), from Middle Dutch (=heathen)
/sup>

I

; Iceberg: probably from Dutch ''ijsberg'' (literally 'ice mountain')
/sup> ; Ietsism: from Dutch ''ietsisme'' (literally: somethingism) an unspecified faith in an undetermined higher or supernatural power or force ; Isinglass: from Dutch ''huizenblas'' (No longer used) from Middle Dutch ''huusblase'', from ''huus'' sturgeon + ''blase'' bladder
/sup>

J

; wikt:jeer, Jeer (to deride, to mock) : Perhaps from Dutch gieren "to cry or roar," or German scheren "to plague, vex," literally "to shear"
/sup> ; wikt:jib, Jib (foresail of a ship) : from Dutch ''gijben'' (boom or spar of a sailing ship)
/sup>

K

; Keelhauling : from ''kielhalen'' (literally "to haul keel")
/sup> ; Keeshond : prob. from special use of ''Kees'' (nickname corresponding to proper name ''Cornelis'') + ''hond'' "dog"
/sup> ; Kill (body of water) : from ''kil'' from Middle Dutch ''kille'' (literally "riverbed")
/sup> ; wikt:kink, Kink : from ''kink'' referring to a twist in a rope
/sup> ; Knapsack : from Middle Dutch ''knapzak'' (''snack'' + ''bag'')
/sup> ^{http://www.etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/knapzak} ; Knickerbocker (disambiguation), Knickerbocker : The pen-name was borrowed from Washington Irving's friend Herman Knickerbocker, and literally means "toy marble-baker." Also, descendants of Dutch settlers to New York are referred to as Knickerbockers and later became used in reference to a style of pants
/sup>

L

; Landscape : from 16th century Dutch ''landschap'' (''land'' + ''-ship'')
/sup> ; wiktionary:leak, Leak : possibly from Middle Dutch ''lekken'' (''to leak, to drip'')
/sup> ; wiktionary:loiter, Loiter : from Middle Dutch ''loteren''
/sup> ; Luck : from Middle Dutch ''luc'', shortening of ''gheluc'' (''happiness, good fortune'')
/sup>

M

; Whirlpool, Maelstrom : from 17th century Dutch ''mael'' + ''stroom'' (''turning'' + ''current''), possibly based on Old Norse ''mal(u)streymur''
/sup> ; wiktionary:manikin, Manikin : from Middle Dutch ''manneken'' (''little man'')
/sup> ; Mannequin : from French ''Mannequin'', based on Middle Dutch ''manneken'' (''little man'')
/sup> ; Marshal : from Old French, based on Frankish (Old Dutch) ''marhskalk''
/sup> ; wikt:mart, Mart : from Middle Dutch ''markt'' (''market'')
/sup> ; Measles : possibly from Middle Dutch ''mazelen'' (''blemish'')
/sup> ; Meerkat : from South African Dutch ''meer'' + ''kat'' (''lake'' + ''cat''), perhaps an alteration of Hindi ''markat'' (''ape'')
/sup> ; wiktionary:morass, Morass: from Middle Dutch ''marasch'' (''swamp''), partly based on Old French ''marais'' (''marsh''), in modern Dutch: moeras
/sup>

N

; wikt:nasty, Nasty : perhaps from Old French nastre "miserly, envious, malicious, spiteful," or from Dutch nestig "dirty," literally "like a bird's nest."
/sup>

O

; Offal : possibly from Middle Dutch ''afval'' (''leftovers'', ''rubbish'')
/sup> ; Onslaught (disambiguation), Onslaught : From Middle Dutch ''aanslag'' (''attack)
/sup>

P

; Patroon: from ''patroon'' (="patron")
/sup> ; wikt:Pickle, Pickle : c.1440, probably from Middle Dutch ''pekel''
/sup> ; Little finger, Pinkie : Pinkje/Pinkie
/sup> ; wiktionary:pit, Pit : the stone of a drupaceous fruit : from ''pit''
/sup> ; Plug (disambiguation), Plug : from ''plugge'', originally a maritime term.
/sup> ; Polder : from ''polder'' ; Poppycock : from ''pappekak'' (=dialect for "soft dung")
/sup> ; Potassium : from ''potaschen'' c. 1477 see Potash ; Pump : from ''pomp''
/sup> ; wikt:puss, Puss : perhaps from early 16th century Dutch ''poes'' or Low German ''puus'' (pet name for cat), but probably much older than the record, because present in many Indo-European languages.
/sup>

Q

; Quackery, Quack : shortened from ''quacksalver'', from ''kwakzalver'' (literally "someone who daubs ointments")
/sup>

R

; wiktionary:roster, Roster : from ''rooster'' (="schedule, or grating/grill")
/sup> ; wiktionary:rover#Etymology 2, Rover: from ''rover'' (="robber")
/sup> ; Rucksack : from ''rugzak''

S

; Santa Claus : from Middle Dutch ''Sinterklaas'' (="Saint Nicholas"), bishop of Minor Asia who became a patron saint for children. (Dutch and Belgian feast celebrated on the 5th and 6 December respectively) (Santa Claus#Origins, Origins of Santa Claus in US culture)
/sup> ;School (fish), School (group of fish) : from Dutch ''school '' (group of fish)
/sup> ; Scone (bread), Scone : via Scottish, shortened from Middle Dutch ''schoonbrood'' "fine bread", from ''schoon'' (bright) + ''brood'' (bread)
/sup> ; Scow : from ''schouw'' (a type of boat)
/sup> ; wiktionary:scum, Scum (as in lowest class of humanity): from ''schuim'' (froth, foam)
/sup> ; Shoal : from Middle Dutch ''schole'' (="large number (of fish)") (modern Dutch: school) (etymology not sure) ; Ice skate, Skate : from ''schaats''. The noun was originally adopted as in Dutch, with 'skates' being the singular form of the noun; due to the similarity to regular English plurals this form was ultimately used as the plural while 'skate' was derived for use as singular."
/sup> ; Sketch (disambiguation), Sketch : from ''schets''
/sup> ; wiktionary:scour, Scour : from Middle Dutch ''scuren'' (now "schuren")
cognate of the English word "shower". ; Skipper (boating), Skipper : from Middle Dutch ''scipper'' (now ''schipper'', literally "shipper")
/sup> ; Sled, sleigh : from Middle Dutch ''slede'', slee
/sup> ; wikt:slim, Slim : "thin, slight, slender," from Dutch ''slim'' "bad, sly, clever," from Middle Dutch ''slim'' "bad, crooked,"
/sup> ; Sloop : from ''sloep''
/sup> ; wiktionary:slurp, Slurp : from ''slurpen''
/sup> ; Fishing smack, Smack (boat) : possibly from ''smak'' "sailboat," perhaps so-called from the sound made by its sails
/sup> ; Smearcase : from ''smeerkaas'' (="cheese that can be spread over bread, cottage-cheese") ; Smelting, Smelt : from ''smelten'' (="to melt")
/sup> ; wiktionary:smuggle, Smuggler : from Low German ''smukkelen'' and Dutch ''smokkelen'' (="to transport (goods) illegally"), apparently a frequentative formation of a word meaning "to sneak"
/sup> ; Snack : perhaps from Middle Dutch ''snakken'' (="to long" (''snakken naar lucht''="to gasp for air") originally "to eat"/"chatter")
/sup> ; wikt:snap, Snap : from Middle Dutch or Low German ''snappen'' (to bite, seize)http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/snap ; Snicker: from Dutch ''snikken'' (="to gasp, sob")
/sup> ; wikt:snoop, Snoop : from 19 century Dutch ''snoepen'' (to eat (possibly in secret) something sweet)
/sup> ; Snuff (tobacco), Snuff : from ''snuiftabak'' (literally "sniff tobacco")
/sup> ; wikt:splinter, Splinter : from ''splinter''
/sup> ; wikt:split, Split : from Middle Dutch ''splitten''
/sup> ; wiktionary:spook, Spook : from ''spook'' (="ghost(ly image)")
/sup> ; Spoor (animal), Spoor : from both Afrikaans and Dutch ''spoor'' (="track"/"trail") ; wikt:stoker, Stoker : from ''stoken'' (="stoke a fire")
/sup> ; Still life : from Dutch ''stilleven''
/sup> ; wiktionary:stoop, Stoop (steps) : from ''stoep'' (=road up a dike, usually right-angled)
/sup> ; Stockfish : from Dutch ''stokvis'' (= "stick fish") ; Stock : from Dutch ''stok'' (= "stick"). The Dutch word ''stok'', pronounced similarly, was a wooden stick with carvings taken out of it and then split in half, one half was kept at the stock exchange and the other half was proof that the owner owned a certain amount of stock in something. ; Stove : from Middle Dutch ''stove'' (="heated room"). The Dutch word ''stoof'', pronounced similarly, is a small (often wooden) box with holes in it. One would place glowing coals inside so it would emanate heat, and then put one's feet on top of it while sitting (in a chair) to keep one's feet warm.
/sup> ; Sutler: from ''zoetelaar'' (="one who sweetens", sweetener, old-fashioned for "camp cook")
/sup> *Schooner

T

; Military tattoo, Tattoo (military term) : from ''taptoe'' (literally "close the tap"). So called because police used to visit taverns in the evening to shut off the taps of casks.
/sup> ; Tickle : from ''kietelen''
/sup> ; Trigger (firearms), Trigger : from ''trekker'' (Trekken ="to pull")
/sup>

U

; wikt:upsy-daisy, Upsy-daisy (baby talk extension of up) : from late 17th century Dutch ''op zijn'', and also occasionally as an adverb, "extremely"
/sup>

V

; wiktionary:vang, Vang : from Dutch ''vangen'' (=to catch) ; wiktionary:veld, Veld : from Cape Dutch ''veldt'', used in South African English to describe a field

W

; Waffle (noun) : from Dutch ''wafel'', from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German ''wafel''
/sup> ; Walrus : from ''walrus''
/sup> ; Wagon : from Dutch ''wagen'', Middle Dutch ''waghen'' (= "cart, carriage, wagon")
/sup> ; Wentletrap : from Dutch ''wenteltrap'': ''wentelen'' (= "winding, spiraling") and ''trap'' (= "stairway") ; wikt:Special:Search/wiggle, Wiggle : from ''wiggelen'' (= "to wobble, to wiggle") or ''wiegen'' (= "to rock")
/sup> ; Wildebeest : from Dutch "wilde" (= "wild") and "beest" (= "beast") ^Wildebeest ; Witloof : from Belgian Dutch ''witloof'' (literally ''wit'' "white" + ''loof'' "foliage"), Dutch ''witlof''
/sup>

X

Y

; Yacht : from Dutch ''jacht'', short for ''jachtschip'' (literally "hunting ship")
/sup> ; Yankee : from ''Jan Kees'', a personal name, originally used mockingly to describe pro-French revolutionary citizens, with allusion to the small keeshond dog, then for "colonials" in New Amsterdam. This is not the only possible etymology for the word yankee, however; the Oxford English Dictionary has quotes with the term from as early as 1765, quite some time before the French Revolution. Nowadays it commonly refers to Americans from the United States.
/sup>

Z

References

External links

Online Etymology DictionaryAlan Hope, "Talk the talk"
- article in Flanders Today on the influence of Dutch on other languages

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of English Words Of Dutch Origin Dutch language lists, English Lists of English words of foreign origin, Dutch