Duan Qi was a kingdom located in
Shandong peninsula
The Shandong (Shantung) Peninsula or Jiaodong (Chiaotung) Peninsula is a peninsula in Shandong Province in eastern China, between the Bohai Sea to the north and the Yellow Sea to the south. The latter name refers to the east and Jiaozhou.
Geo ...
of northern China during the
Sixteen Kingdoms period. It was founded by
Duan Kan Duan may refer to:
* Duan (surname), a Chinese surname
** Duan dynasty, the ruling dynasty of the Dali Kingdom
* Duan tribe, pre-state tribe during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China
* Duan language, spoken on the Laotian–Vietnamese border
* D ...
, a member from the
Duan tribe
The Duan () was a pre-state tribe of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.
History
The reason the tribe adopted the Han Chinese surname Duan is unknown.
Duan Wuwuchen was given in 303 a hereditary title— the "Duke ...
of
Xianbei
The Xianbei (; ) were a Proto-Mongolic ancient nomadic people that once resided in the eastern Eurasian steppes in what is today Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeastern China. They originated from the Donghu people who splintered into th ...
people. In 350,
Ran Min
Ran Min (; died 352), also known as Shi Min (石閔), posthumously honored by the Former Yan as Heavenly King Wudao of (Ran) Wei ((冉)魏武悼天王), courtesy name Yongzeng (永曾), nickname Jinu (棘奴), was a military leader during the er ...
overthrew the
Later Zhao kingdom and caused chaos in the
North China Plain. Duan Kan took this chance to lead his people to the city of
Guanggu in Shandong and established Duan Qi kingdom. Duan Kan did not claim to be an emperor because he regarded the emperor of
Jin dynasty as the son of heaven. In 351, Duan Qi became a vassal state of
Jin dynasty after the emperor of Jin appointed Duan Kan to be the Zhenbei General and Duke of Qi. However, Duan Qi was still considered to be an independent state since Jin had no direct control on it.
In 355,
Murong Jun
Murong Jun (; 319–360), courtesy name Xuanying (宣英), formally Emperor Jingzhao of (Former) Yan ((前)燕景昭帝), was an emperor of the Former Yan. He was the dynasty's second ruler, but after first using the Jin dynasty-created title o ...
, a person from another tribal clan of
Xianbei
The Xianbei (; ) were a Proto-Mongolic ancient nomadic people that once resided in the eastern Eurasian steppes in what is today Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeastern China. They originated from the Donghu people who splintered into th ...
, claimed to be the emperor of
Former Yan. Duan Kan was annoyed because he did not think anyone from a Xianbei tribe should claim to be an emperor. He wrote a letter to denounce Murong Jun, which exasperated
Former Yan. In 356, a war broke out between Former Yan and Duan Qi, and Duan Qi was defeated in the war. Duan Kan asked for help from Jin, but it was too late. He was captured by Murong Jun and was executed in the following year.
[Zizhi Tongjian, Chapter 99：''镇北将军段龛与燕主俊书，抗中表之仪，非其称帝。俊怒，十一月，以太原王恪为大都督、抚军将军，阳鹜副之，以击龛。'']
See also
*
Xianbei
The Xianbei (; ) were a Proto-Mongolic ancient nomadic people that once resided in the eastern Eurasian steppes in what is today Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeastern China. They originated from the Donghu people who splintered into th ...
*
List of past Chinese ethnic groups
Ethnic groups in Chinese history refer to various or presumed ethnicities of significance to the history of China, gathered through the study of Classical Chinese literature, Chinese and non-Chinese literary sources and inscriptions, histor ...
*
Five Barbarians
The Five Barbarians, or Wu Hu (), is a Chinese historical exonym for five ancient non- Han peoples who immigrated to northern China in the Eastern Han dynasty, and then overthrew the Western Jin dynasty and established their own kingdoms in th ...
*
Duan tribe
The Duan () was a pre-state tribe of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.
History
The reason the tribe adopted the Han Chinese surname Duan is unknown.
Duan Wuwuchen was given in 303 a hereditary title— the "Duke ...
References
350 establishments
Former countries in Chinese history
Duan tribe
{{China-hist-stub