Eyālet-i Diyār-i Bekr , common_name = Eyalet of Diyarbekir , subdivision =

Eyalet Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government ...

, nation = the Ottoman Empire , year_start = 1515 , year_end = 1846 , date_start = November 4, 1515II. Uluslar Arası Osmanlı'dan Cumhuriyet'e Diyarbakır Sempozyumu
(Türkçe). Diyarbakır Valiliği ve TOBB ETÜ Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi. II. International Symposium on the Ottoman Empire Republic of Diyarbakir TOBB ETU Diyarbakir Governor's Office and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. , date_end = , event_start = , event_end = , p1 = Safavid Diyarbakr , flag_p1 = Flag of Shah Tahmasp I.svg , p2 = , flag_p2 = , s1 = Kurdistan Eyalet , flag_s1 = Ottoman Flag.svg , s2 = Diyâr-ı Bekr Vilayet , flag_s2 = Ottoman Flag.svg , image_flag = , flag_type = , image_coat = , image_map = Diyarbarik Eyalet, Ottoman Empire (1609).png , image_map_caption = The Diyâr-ı Bekr Eyalet in 1609 , capital = Amid (modern

Diyarbakır Diyarbakır (; ; ; ) is the largest Kurdish-majority city in Turkey. It is the administrative center of Diyarbakır Province. Situated around a high plateau by the banks of the Tigris river on which stands the historic Diyarbakır Fortres ...

) , today = , stat_year1 = , stat_area1 = , stat_pop1 = , stat_year2 = , stat_area2 = , stat_pop2 = , footnotes = , demonym = The Eyalet of Diyarbekir ( ar, إيالة ديار بكر; ota, ایالت دیاربكر, Eyālet-i Diyār-i Bekr) was an

eyalet Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government ...

of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...

. Its reported area in the 19th century was , slightly larger than the original

Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Mutta ...

province in

Upper Mesopotamia Upper Mesopotamia is the name used for the uplands and great outwash plain of northwestern Iraq, northeastern Syria and southeastern Turkey, in the northern Middle East. Since the early Muslim conquests of the mid-7th century, the region has been ...

. In 1846 it was succeeded by the Kurdistan Eyalet.

Government

The 17th-century traveller

Evliya Çelebi Derviş Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi ( ota, اوليا چلبى), was an Ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the Ottoman Empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years, recording ...

reported on the organization of the eyalet: "In this province there are nineteen

sanjak Sanjaks (liwāʾ) (plural form: alwiyāʾ) * Armenian: նահանգ (''nahang''; meaning "province") * Bulgarian: окръг (''okrǔg''; meaning "county", "province", or "region") * el, Διοίκησις (''dioikēsis'', meaning "province" ...

s and five hakumets (or hereditary governments) ..eight anjakswere at the time of the conquest conferred on Kurdish begs with the patent of family inheritance for ever. Like other sanjaks they are divided into

ziamet Ziamet was a form of land tenure in the Ottoman Empire, consisting in grant of lands or revenues by the Ottoman Sultan to an individual in compensation for their services, especially military services. The ziamet system was introduced by Osman I, wh ...

s and

timar A timar was a land grant by the sultans of the Ottoman Empire between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, with an annual tax revenue of less than 20,000 akçes. The revenues produced from the land acted as compensation for military service ...

s, the possessors of which are obliged to serve in the field; but if they do not, the ziamet or timar may be transferred to a son or relation, but not to a stranger. The hakumets have neither ziamets nor timars. Their governors exercise full authority, and receive not only the land revenues, but also all the other taxes which in the sanjaks are paid to the possessor of the ziamet or timar, such as the taxes for pasturage, marriages, horses, vineyards, and orchards. .. The officers of the divan of Diarbeker are the

defterdar This is a list of the top officials in charge of the finances of the Ottoman Empire, called ( Turkish for bookkeepers; from the Persian , + ) between the 14th and 19th centuries and ''Maliye Naziri'' (Minister of Finance) between 19th and 20th ...

of the treasury with a ruz-namji (journal writer); a

of the feudal forces an inspector ( emin), and a lieutenant kehiya of the defter, and another for the chavushes; a secretary ( katib), a colonel, and a lieutenant colonel of the militia". By

Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall Joseph Freiherr von Hammer-Purgstall (9 June 1774 – 23 November 1856) was an Austrian orientalist and historian. He is considered one of the most accomplished Orientalists of his time. He was critical of the trend of ascribing classical or a ...

History

After Reşid Mehmet Pasha assumed as

Wāli ''Wāli'', ''Wā'lī'' or ''vali'' (from ar, والي ''Wālī'') is an administrative title that was used in the Muslim World (including the Caliphate and Ottoman Empire) to designate governors of administrative divisions. It is still in us ...

in 1834, he led military campaigns against the local Kurdish tribes of the Garzan, Bedir Khan and Milli as well as the

Yazidi Yazidis or Yezidis (; ku, ئێزیدی, translit=Êzidî) are a Kurmanji-speaking endogamous minority group who are indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran. The ma ...

Sinjar Sinjar ( ar, سنجار, Sinjār; ku, شنگال, translit=Şingal, syr, ܫܝܓܪ, Shingar) is a town in the Sinjar District of the Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq. It is located about five kilometers south of the Sinjar Mountains. Its p ...

. In 1835 he also subdued the Milli tribe in

Mardin Mardin ( ku, Mêrdîn; ar, ماردين; syr, ܡܪܕܝܢ, Merdīn; hy, Մարդին) is a city in southeastern Turkey. The capital of Mardin Province, it is known for the Artuqid architecture of its old city, and for its strategic location ...

and in 1836, he defeated the ruler from the Emirate of Soran. After his death in 1836, his successor was Hafiz Mehmet Pasha who continued to subdue the Kurdish tribes and the Yazidi in Sincar. In the 1840s, the Eyalet ceded the Sanjak of

Cizre Cizre (; ar, جَزِيْرَة ٱبْن عُمَر, Jazīrat Ibn ʿUmar, or ''Madinat al-Jazira'', he, גזירא, Gzira, ku, Cizîr, ''Cizîra Botan'', or ''Cizîre'', syr, ܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܒܪ ܥܘܡܪ, Gāzartā,) is a city in the Cizre Di ...

, which before was part of the Emirate of Bohtan in the Diyarbekır Eyalet, to the

Mosul Eyalet Mosul Eyalet ( ar, إيالة الموصل; ota, ایالت موصل, Eyālet-i Mūṣul) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. Its reported area in the 19th century was . The eyalet was largely inhabited by Kurds. Playfair, James (1813)A System of ...

, which led to a Kurdish revolt led by Bedir Khan Beg.

Administrative divisions

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Diyarbekir, Eyalet of Eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia History of Batman Province History of Diyarbakır Province History of Elazığ Province History of Malatya Province History of Mardin Province History of Siirt Province History of Şanlıurfa Province History of Tunceli Province 1515 establishments in the Ottoman Empire 1867 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire

Government

History

Administrative divisions

See also

References