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A diver's pump is a manually operated low pressure air compressor used to provide divers in
Rotary pumps are driven by a crankshaft that is rotated by handles on two
The pump may be mounted in a cabinet for protection during transport and storage, and may be fitted with one or more pressure gauges.
Image:Standard_diving_dress_2.jpg, Historical Diving Society diving at Stoney Cove, England using two cylinder rotary pump
Image:Two cylindered lever pump Drager.JPG, Two cylinder lever diver's pump made by " Drägerwerk AG" (
All about pumps in worlds largest virtual diving museum: Diving Heritage
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standard diving dress
Standard diving dress, also known as hard-hat or copper hat equipment, deep sea diving suit or heavy gear, is a type of diving suit that was formerly used for all relatively deep underwater work that required more than breath-hold duration, which ...
with air while they are underwater.
Rotary
Rotary pumps are driven by a crankshaft that is rotated by handles on two flywheel
A flywheel is a mechanical device which uses the conservation of angular momentum to store rotational energy; a form of kinetic energy proportional to the product of its moment of inertia and the square of its rotational speed. In particular, as ...
s attached to the ends of the shaft on each side of the pump. Rotary pumps were built with one, two or three cylinder
A cylinder (from ) has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base.
A cylinder may also be defined as an infin ...
s, and are operated by a team of two men. Pistons attached to the crankshaft draw in air through the inlet valves and then pump it through the outlet valves to an air hose which delivers the air to the helmet
A helmet is a form of protective gear worn to protect the head. More specifically, a helmet complements the skull in protecting the human brain. Ceremonial or symbolic helmets (e.g., a policeman's helmet in the United Kingdom) without protect ...
of the diver. Cylinders, valves and outlet fittings for air are generally made from brass
Brass is an alloy of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), in proportions which can be varied to achieve different mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties. It is a substitutional alloy: atoms of the two constituents may replace each other wit ...
for corrosion resistance in the marine environment. Rotary operated pumps were manufactured with single or double action.Double action cylinders deliver on both the up- and down-stroke.
Flow of air through the helmet could be controlled by manually adjusting the back-pressure on the helmet exhaust valve, usually on the lower right side of the bonnet, and by manually adjusting the inlet supply valve on the airline, usually fastened to the front lower left of the corselet. Flow rate would also be affected by the surface delivery system and depth. Manual pumps would be operated at the speed necessary for sufficient air supply, which could be judged by delivery pressure and feedback from the diver. Many manual pumps had delivery pressure gauges calibrated in units of water depth - feet or metres of water column - which would provide the supervisor with a reasonable indication of diver depth. If the diver needed more air, the operators would have to crank faster.
Lever
Lever pumps have one or two cylinders, which are operated by rocking a beam with handles attached to its ends which is pivoted at the centre for a two-cylinder pump, and at the end for a single cylinder pump. Vertical lever pumps with bell-crank operation were also made, usually for shallow water work. The piston rods are connected to the beam near the pivot. Upward movement of the pistons pulls the air into the cylinders through the inlet valves, and then downward movement pumps the air through the hose to the helmet of the diver in a single action pump. Cylinders, valves and outlet for air are usually made from brass for reliability.Other components
The pump may be mounted in a cabinet for protection during transport and storage, and may be fitted with one or more pressure gauges.
Gallery
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
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Image:Three cilynder pump crankshaft.jpg, The crankshaft of three cylinder diving pump
File:Angel Erostarbe - photo.jpg, Diver in Standard diving dress posing with diver's pump. His helmet is on top of the pump.
File:2006 08 22 143316 Aalborg Marinemuseum ubt.jpeg, Rotary diver's pump
See also
* * *References
Sources
External links
All about pumps in worlds largest virtual diving museum: Diving Heritage
{{Underwater diving, divsup Diving support equipment Pumps Gas technologies