Dikaryotic

The dikaryon is a cell nucleus, nuclear feature which is unique to certain fungi. (The green alga ''Derbesia'' had been long considered an exception, until the heterokaryotic hypothesis was challenged by later studies.) Compatible cell-types can fuse cytoplasms (plasmogamy). When this occurs, the two nuclei of two cell (biology), cells pair off and cohabit without fusing (karyogamy). This can be maintained for all the cells of the hyphae by Synchronization, synchronously dividing so that pairs are passed to newer cells. In the Ascomycota this attribute is most often found in the Ascomycota#Formation of sexual spores, ascogenous hyphae and ascocarp while the bulk of the mycelium remains monokaryotic. In the Basidiomycota this is the dominant phase, with most Basidiomycota monokaryons weakly growing and short-lived.

The formation of a dikaryon is a plesiomorphy, plesiomorphic character for the subkingdom Dikarya, which consists of the Basidiomycota and the Ascomycota. The formation of crozier (mycology), croziers in the Ascomycota and of clamp connections in the Basidiomycota facilitates maintenance of the dikaryons. However, some fungi in each of these phylum, phyla have evolved other methods for maintaining the dikaryons, and therefore neither croziers nor clamp connections are ubiquitous in either phylum.

Etymology

The name ''dikaryon'' comes from the Greek language, Greek ''δι- (di-)'' meaning "two" and ''κάρυον (karyon)'' meaning "Nut (fruit), nut", referring to the cell nucleus.

See also

*Binucleated cells (as a pathological state)
*Heterokaryon
*Multinucleated cells
*Syncytium

References

External links

Fungi Online Page, Formation of Dikaryons

Mycology

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