This article is about the

demographic Demography () is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. Demographic analysis examines and measures the dimensions and dynamics of populations; it can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as ed ...

features of the

population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction usi ...

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and ...

, including

population density Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.Matt RosenberPopu ...

ethnicity An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, ...

, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographic characteristics

Population

Vital statistics

Source: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina *No data for the period 1992-1995

Current vital statistics

Vital statistics by entity

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Source: Institute for Statistics of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

=Current vital statistics

Republika Srpska

Source: Republika Srpska Institute of Statistics

=Current vital statistics

Brčko District

Source: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Statistics of the Brčko District BiH

=Current vital statistics

Marriages and divorces

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Republika Srpska

Brčko District

Vital statistics, marriages and divorces by decade

Births and fertility rates

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Republika Srpska

Brčko District

Life expectancy at birth in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ethnic groups

According to data from the 2013 census published by the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Bosniaks The Bosniaks ( bs, Bošnjaci, Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Бошњаци, ; , ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to the Southeast European historical region of Bosnia (region), Bosnia, which is today part of Bosnia and Herzeg ...

constitute 50.11% of the population,

Bosnian Serbs The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sr-Cyrl, Срби у Босни и Херцеговини, Srbi u Bosni i Hercegovini) are one of the three constitutive nations (state-forming nations) of the country, predominantly residing in the politi ...

30.78%,

Bosnian Croats The Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina (), often referred to as Bosnian Croats () or Herzegovinian Croats () are the third most populous ethnic group in the country after Bosniaks and Serbs, and are one of the constitutive nations of Bosnia and ...

15.43%, and others form 2.73%, with the remaining respondents not declaring their ethnicity or not answering. The census results are contested by the

Republika Srpska Republika Srpska ( sr-Cyrl, Република Српска, lit=Serb Republic, also known as Republic of Srpska, ) is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located ...

statistical office and by Bosnian Serb politicians, who oppose the inclusion of non-permanent Bosnian residents in the figures. The

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are located primarily in Europe, Europe. The union has a total area of ...

's statistics office,

Eurostat Eurostat ('European Statistical Office'; DG ESTAT) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in the Kirchberg, Luxembourg, Kirchberg quarter of Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. Eurostat's main responsibilities are to provide stati ...

, determined that the methodology used by the Bosnian statistical agency was in line with international recommendations. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, religion is often linked to ethnicity, i.e. (with the exception of agnostics and atheists) most Bosniaks are

Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

, Serbs are Orthodox Christian, and Croats are

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: * Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...

. Image:BiH_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_opstinama_2013_1.gif, Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_opstinama_2013_2.gif, Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo Bosnjaka po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo Srba po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo Hrvata po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

Languages

Bosnia's constitution does not specify any official languages; however, academics Hilary Footitt and Michael Kelly note that the

Dayton Agreement The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement or the Dayton Accords ( Croatian: ''Daytonski sporazum'', Serbian and Bosnian: ''Dejtonski mirovni sporazum'' / Дејтонски миро ...

states that it is "done in Bosnian, Croatian, English and

Serbian Serbian may refer to: * someone or something related to Serbia, a country in Southeastern Europe * someone or something related to the Serbs, a South Slavic people * Serbian language * Serbian names See also * * * Old Serbian (disambiguation ...

", and they describe this as the "de facto recognition of three official languages" at the state level. The equal status of Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian was verified by the Constitutional Court in 2000. It ruled that the provisions of the Federation and Republika Srpska constitutions on language were incompatible with the state constitution, since they only recognised "Bosniak" and Croatian (in the case of the Federation) and Serbian (in the case of Republika Srpska) as official languages at the entity level. As a result, the wording of the entity constitutions was changed and all three languages were made official in both entities. The three languages are

mutually intelligible In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. It is sometimes used as a ...

and are also known collectively as

Serbo-Croatian Serbo-Croatian () – also called Serbo-Croat (), Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia an ...

. Use of one of the three varieties has become a marker of ethnic identity. Michael Kelly and Catherine Baker argue: "The three official languages of today's Bosnian state...represent the symbolic assertion of national identity over the pragmatism of mutual intelligibility". All standard varieties are based on the

Ijekavian Shtokavian or Štokavian (; sh-Latn, štokavski / sh-Cyrl, italics=no, штокавски, ) is the prestige dialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language and the basis of its Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin standards. I ...

varieties of the

Shtokavian dialect Shtokavian or Štokavian (; sh-Latn, štokavski / sh-Cyrl, italics=no, штокавски, ) is the prestige dialect of the pluricentric language, pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language and the basis of its Serbian language, Serbian, Croatian l ...

(non-standard spoken varieties including, beside Ijekavian, also Ikavian Shtokavian). Serbian and Bosnian are written in both Latin and

Cyrillic The Cyrillic script ( ), Slavonic script or the Slavic script, is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking co ...

(the latter predominantly using the Latin script), whereas Croatian is written only in

Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language. Largely unaltered with the exception of extensions (such as diacritics), it used to write English and the ...

. There are also some speakers of Italian, German, Turkish and Ladino. Yugoslav Sign Language is used with Croatian and Serbian variants. According to the results of the 2013 census, 52.86% of the population consider their mother tongue to be Bosnian, 30.76% Serbian, 14.6% Croatian and 1.57% another language, with 0.21% not giving an answer. Image:BiH_-_Jezicki_sastav_po_opstinama_2013_1.gif, Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH_-_Jezicki_sastav_po_opstinama_2013_2.gif, Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo bosanskog jezika po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Bosnian in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo srpskog jezika po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Serbian in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo hrvatskog jezika po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Croatian in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

Religion

According to the 2013 census, 50.7% of the population identify religiously as

, 30.75% as

Serbian Orthodox The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous ( ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian churches. The majority of the population ...

Christian, 15.19% as

, 1.15% as other, 1.1% as agnostic or atheist, with the remainder not declaring their religion or not answering. A 2012 survey found that 47% of Bosnia's Muslims are non-denominational Muslims, while 45% follow Sunnism. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, religion is strongly linked to ethnicity. File:BosniaHerzegovina1879Census.tif, Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1879 Image:BiH_-_Verski_sastav_po_opstinama_2013_1.gif, Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH_-_Verski_sastav_po_opstinama_2013_2.gif, Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo muslimana po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo pravoslavaca po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Orthodox Christians in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo katolika po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Catholics in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

Demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from th
CIA World Factbook
unless otherwise indicated.

Population

:3,378,821

Age structure

:0-14 years: 13.18% (male 261,430/female 244,242) :15-24 years: 10.83% (male 214,319/female 201,214) :25-54 years: 44.52% (male 859,509/female 848,071) :55-64 years: 15.24% (male 284,415/female 300,168) :65 years and over: 16.22% (male 249,624/female 372,594) (2020 est.)

Median age

:Total: 43.3 years :Male: 41.6 years :Female: 44.8 years (2020 est.)

Sex ratio

:At birth: 1.07 male(s)/female :0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female :15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female :25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female :55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female :65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female :Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

:Total: 5.32 deaths/1,000 live births :Male: 5.44 deaths/1,000 live births :Female: 5.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

:Total population: 77.74 years :Male: 74.76 years :Female: 80.93 years (2021 est.)

HIV/AIDS

:Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2018) :People living with HIV/AIDS: Less than 500 (2018) :Deaths: less than 100 (2018)

Literacy

:Definition: age 15 and over can read and write :Total population: 98.5% :Male: 99.5% :Female: 97.5% (2015 est.)

References

External links

Living standard measurement survey 2001
{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Bosnia And Herzegovina Demographics of Yugoslavia