Decorations and medals of the Netherlands
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In the Dutch honours system, most
orders Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...
are the responsibility of ministers of the
Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
Government. The house orders, however, are awarded at the discretion of the Dutch monarch alone. Over the centuries, hundreds of
medal A medal or medallion is a small portable artistic object, a thin disc, normally of metal, carrying a design, usually on both sides. They typically have a commemorative purpose of some kind, and many are presented as awards. They may be int ...
s, decorations for merit or valour and orders of knighthood have been instituted by the successive governments of the
Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
. The oldest were founded by the counts of
Holland Holland is a geographical regionG. Geerts & H. Heestermans, 1981, ''Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Deel I'', Van Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht, p 1105 and former Provinces of the Netherlands, province on the western coast of the Netherland ...
. Their successors, the House of
Burgundy Burgundy (; french: link=no, Bourgogne ) is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. The ...
, founded the famous
Order of the Golden Fleece The Distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece ( es, Insigne Orden del Toisón de Oro, german: Orden vom Goldenen Vlies) is a Catholic order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in 1430, to celebrate his marriag ...
. This order still exists in Spain and in the Austrian imperial House. The
Republic of the Seven United Netherlands The United Provinces of the Netherlands, also known as the (Seven) United Provinces, officially as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands ( Dutch: ''Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden''), and commonly referred to in historiograph ...
did not possess an order of knighthood. Instead so called "Beloningspenningen", golden medals on golden chains, were given as gifts to ambassadors and successful admirals. In 1781 a medal called the "Doggersbank medaille" was awarded to the officers who took part in the Battle of the Dogger Bank against the British fleet. It was the first modern Dutch decoration. The
Batavian Republic The Batavian Republic ( nl, Bataafse Republiek; french: République Batave) was the successor state to the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. It was proclaimed on 19 January 1795 and ended on 5 June 1806, with the accession of Louis Bon ...
, founded after the French invasion of 1795, did not institute any orders or medals. The
Kingdom of Holland The Kingdom of Holland ( nl, Holland (contemporary), (modern); french: Royaume de Hollande) was created by Napoleon Bonaparte, overthrowing the Batavian Republic in March 1806 in order to better control the Netherlands. Since becoming Empero ...
was founded in 1805 to provide a throne for
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
's younger brother Lodewijk Napoleon Bonaparte. The "King of Holland" founded an "Orde van de Unie", (English:
Order of the Union The Order of the Union ( nl, Orde van de Unie) was a chivalric order established in 1806 by Louis Bonaparte, younger brother of Napoleon I, for the Kingdom of Holland. The order was abolished in 1811 when the French Empire absorbed the Kingdom ...
, later dubbed "Order of Holland" then "Royal Order of Holland"). The first king of the Netherlands,
William I William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 10 ...
, founded the Military Order of William and a civilian order, the
Order of the Netherlands Lion The Order of the Netherlands Lion, also known as the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands ( nl, De Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw, french: L'Ordre du Lion Néerlandais) is a Dutch order of chivalry founded by King William I of the Netherlands on ...
. His successors founded several orders of merit and some two hundred medals, stars and crosses. The Netherlands never established a colonial order for the
Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, whic ...
. The order of wear of Dutch Honours is published in the Official Gazette of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The orders, decorations and medals are listed in that order below.


Orders of chivalry and similar distinctions

* Military William Order, founded on 30 April 1815 by King William I *
Cross for Courage and Fidelity The Cross for Courage and Fidelity ( Dutch: ''Kruis voor Moed en Trouw'') is a military award that was established by Queen Emma of the Netherlands by Royal Decree on 7 March 1898. The cross replaced the old Medal for Courage and Fidelity, which ...
(''Kruis voor Moed en Trouw'') * Honorary Sabre (''Eresabel'') * Dutch Cross of Resistance (''Verzetskruis 1940–1945'') *
Honorary Medal for Charitable Assistance The Honorary Medal for Charitable Assistance ( nl, Erepenning voor Menslievend Hulpbetoon) was created at 18 June 1822 and is after the Military William Order the oldest decoration for bravery in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Furthermore, the Hon ...
(''Erepenning voor Menslievend Hulpbetoon'') *
Order of the Netherlands Lion The Order of the Netherlands Lion, also known as the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands ( nl, De Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw, french: L'Ordre du Lion Néerlandais) is a Dutch order of chivalry founded by King William I of the Netherlands on ...
, founded on 29 September 1815 by King William I *
Order of Orange-Nassau The Order of Orange-Nassau ( nl, Orde van Oranje-Nassau, links=no) is a civil and military Dutch order of chivalry founded on 4 April 1892 by the queen regent, Emma of the Netherlands. The order is a chivalric order open to "everyone who has ...
, founded on 4 April 1892 by the Queen regent Emma


House orders

*
Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau The Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau (french: Ordre du Lion d'Or de la Maison de Nassau, nl, Huisorde van de Gouden Leeuw van Nassau) is a chivalric order shared by the two branches of the House of Nassau (the Ottonian and Walramia ...
, founded on 31 March 1858 by
King-Grand Duke The designation of King-Grand Duke was held by the three monarchs of the House of Orange-Nassau that ruled Luxembourg and the Netherlands in personal union, between 1815 and 1890. These monarchs thus held the titles of King of the Netherlands and G ...
William III * Order of the House of Orange, instituted by
Queen Wilhelmina Wilhelmina (; Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. She reigned for nearly 58 years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World Wa ...
in 1905, reorganized by
Queen Juliana Juliana (; Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina; 30 April 1909 – 20 March 2004) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 until her abdication in 1980. Juliana was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. S ...
in 1969 * The Order for Loyalty and Merit, established as a separate group of the House Order of Orange by
Queen Juliana Juliana (; Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina; 30 April 1909 – 20 March 2004) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 until her abdication in 1980. Juliana was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. S ...
in 1969 * (''Eremedaille voor Voortvarendheid en Vernuft'') * (''Eremedaille voor Kunst en Wetenschap'') * Order of the Crown, established as a separate group of the House Order of Orange by
Queen Juliana Juliana (; Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina; 30 April 1909 – 20 March 2004) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 until her abdication in 1980. Juliana was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. S ...
in 1969


State awards


Awards for bravery

*
Honorable Mention An award, sometimes called a distinction, is something given to a recipient as a token of recognition of excellence in a certain field. When the token is a medal, ribbon or other item designed for wearing, it is known as a decoration. An awa ...
(''Eervolle Vermelding'') *
Bronze Lion The Bronze Lion ( nl, Bronzen Leeuw) is a high Royal Dutch award, intended for servicemen who have shown extreme bravery and leadership in battle favouring The Netherlands; in some special cases it can be awarded to Dutch or foreign civilians. It ...
(''Bronzen Leeuw'') *
Resistance Star East Asia {{Infobox military award , name=Resistance Star East Asia , image=Verzetsster Oost Azie met baton.jpg , image_size=100px , caption=The Resistance Star East Asia with corresponding ribbon bar. , presenter= Kingdom of the Netherlands , type= Civil dec ...
(''Verzetsster Oost-Azië'') * Bronze Cross (''Het Bronzen Kruis'') * Cross of Merit (''Kruis van Verdienste'') *
Airman's Cross The Airman's Cross ( nl, Vliegerkruis) is a military decoration of the Kingdom of the Netherlands created in 1941. The cross is awarded to members of the Dutch military who display initiative, courage, and perseverance against the enemy or during ...
(''Vliegerkruis'')


Awards for merit

* Medal of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (''Medaille van het Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut'') * De Ruyter Medal (''De Ruyter-medaille'') * Museum Medal (Erepenning voor Verdiensten jegens Openbare Verzamelingen'') * Flood Disaster Medal (''Watersnoodmedaille'') * Medal of the Red Cross (''Medaille van het Rode Kruis'') * Medal of Recognition 1940-1945 (''Erkentelijkheidsmedaille'') * Decoration of Merit in gold or silver (''Ereteken voor Verdienste'')


Commemorative awards for military operations

* Silver Memorial Cross 1813-15, awarded 1865 (''Zilveren Herdenkingskruis'') *
Expedition Cross The Expedition Cross ( nl, Expeditiekruis) officially known as the Cross for Important Military Operations ( nl, Ereteken voor Belangrijke Krijgsbedrijven) was a military decoration of Kingdom of the Netherlands. Created by royal decree on 19 Febr ...
(''Ereteken voor Belangrijke Krijgsbedrijven'') * Lombok Cross (''Lombokkruis'') *
War Commemorative Cross The War Commemorative Cross ( nl, Oorlogsherinneringskruis) is a military award of the Netherlands. The medal was established to commemorate service to the Kingdom of the Netherlands during World War II. The medal was established on 16 March 1944 ...
(''Oorlogsherinneringskruis'') * Resistance Commemorative Cross (''Verzetsherdenkingskruis'') * Decoration for Order and Peace (''Ereteken voor Orde en Vrede'') * New Guinea Commemorative Cross (''Nieuw-Guinea Herinneringskruis'') * Mobilisation War Cross 1940-1945 (''Mobilisatie-Oorlogskruis'') * Cross for Law and Liberty, for Korean service 1950-53 (''Kruis voor Recht en Vrijheid'') * Commemorative Medal Peace Operations (''Herinneringsmedaille Vredesoperaties'') * Commemorative Medal UN Peace Operations (''Herinneringsmedaille VN-Vredesoperaties'') * Commemorative Medal Multinational Peace Operations (''Herinneringsmedaille Multinationale Vredesoperaties'') * Commemorative Medal for Humanitarian Assistance in Disasters (''Herinneringsmedaille voor Humanitaire Hulpverlening bij Rampen'') * Kosovo Medal (''Kosovo-medaille'')


Awards for faithful service

* (''Onderscheidingsteken voor Langdurige Dienst als officier'') * in gold, silver or bronze (''Onderscheidingsteken voor Langdurige, Eerlijke en Trouwe Dienst'') * Decoration for Loyal Volunteer Service in the Coast Guard (''Onderscheidingsteken voor trouwe dienst bij de Militaire Kustwacht'') * Volunteer Medal Public Safety (formerly called Volunteers Medal) (''Vrijwilligersmedaille Openbare Orde en Veiligheid'')


Commemorative medals and awards for skill

* Queen Wilhelmina Inauguration Medal, 1898 (''Inhuldigingsmedaille 1898'') * Wedding Medal of Queen Wilhelmina and Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 1901 (''Huwelijksmedaille 1901'') * Commemorative Medal of the Second Hague Peace Conference 1907 (''Herinneringsmedaille aan de Tweede Internationale Vredesconferentie'') * Royal Silver Wedding Medal, 1926 (''Herinneringsmedaille 1926'') * Honor Guard Commemorative Medal, 1933 (''Herinneringsmedaille 1933'') * Wedding Medal of Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard, 1937 (''Huwelijksmedaille 1937'') * Queen Juliana Inauguration Medal, 1948 (''Inhuldigingsmedaille 1948'') * Royal Silver Wedding Medal of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard, 1962 (''Herinneringsmedaille 1962'') * Wedding Medal of Princess Beatrix and Claus van Amsberg, 1966 (''Huwelijksmedaille 1966'') * Queen Beatrix Inauguration Medal, 1980 (''Inhuldigingsmedaille 1980'') * Netherlands Antilles Visit Medal, 1980 (''Herinneringsmedaille bezoek aan de Nederlandse Antillen'') * Wedding Medal of Willem-Alexander and Máxima Zorreguieta, 2002 (''Huwelijksmedaille 2002'') * King Willem-Alexander Inauguration Medal, 2013 (''Inhuldigingsmedaille 2013'') * Commemorative Medal for State Visits (''Herinneringsmedaille Buitenlandse Bezoeken'') * Master-Sharpshooter on Rifle of the Royal Navy (''Eereteeken voor Meester-Scherpschutter op geweer der Koninklijke Marine'') * Master-Gunner on Rifle of the Royal Navy (''Eereteeken voor Meester-Kanonnier der Koninklijke Marine'') * Royal Medal of Shooting Contests (''Koninklijke Eereprijs voor Schietwedstrijden'') * Medal for First Class Sharpshooters (''Eereteeken voor scherpschutters eerste klasse'') * KNIL (Royal Dutch East Indies Army) awards * Rietkerk Medal (''Rietkerkpenning'') * Navy Foreign Service Medal (''Marinemedaille'') * Army Foreign Service Medal (''Landmachtmedaille'') * Marechaussee Foreign Service Medal (''Marechausseemedaille'') * Air Force Foreign Service Medal (''Luchtmachtmedaille'') * Voluntary Police Commemorative Medal 1948–98 (''Herinneringsmedaille Vrijwillige Politie'')


Other officially recognised knightly orders

The Dutch government allows the following
orders of chivalry An order of chivalry, order of knighthood, chivalric order, or equestrian order is an order (distinction), order of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Catholic Military order (religious society), military orders of the ...
to be worn on military uniforms: *
Sovereign Military Order of Malta The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), officially the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta ( it, Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme, di Rodi e di Malta; ...
(''Souvereine Militaire Orde van Malta'') *
Order of Saint John in the Netherlands Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...
(''Johanniter Orde in Nederland'') * Teutonic Order, Bailiwick of Utrecht (''Ridderlijke Duitsche Orde, Balije van Utrecht'')


Decorations instituted by H.R.H. Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands

* (''Zilveren Anjer'') *
Order of the Golden Ark The Most Excellent Order of the Golden Ark ( nl, Orde van de Gouden Ark) is a Dutch order of merit established in 1971 by Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands. It is awarded to people for major contributions to nature conservation. Although not aw ...
(''Orde van de Gouden Ark'')


Awards from Dutch private organizations

* Carnegie Hero Fund Medal (''Medaille van het Carnegie Heldenfonds'') * Mobilisation Cross 1914-1918 (''Mobilisatiekruis'') * (''Luchtbeschermingsmedaille'') * Cross for the Four Day Marches (''Vierdaagse Kruis'') * Eleven cities cross, medal for those who completed the '' Eleven cities'' long-distance skating tour ('' Elfstedenkruis'') * National Pentathlon Cross of the Dutch Sports Federation (''Nationale Vijfkampkruis van de Nederlandse Sport Federatie'') * Military Performance Event Cross of the Royal Dutch Reserve Officers Association (''Kruis van de Koninklijke Vereniging van Nederlandse Reserve-Officieren voor de Militaire Prestatietocht'') * Medal for Proven Athletic Skill of the Dutch Olympic Committee (''Medaille voor vaardigheidsproeven van het Nederlands Olympisch Comité'')


Awards from international organizations

*
United Nations Medal A United Nations Medal is an international decoration awarded by the United Nations (UN) to the various world countries members for participation in joint international military and police operations such as peacekeeping, humanitarian efforts, an ...
* North Atlantic Treaty Organization Medal * Western European Union Medal *
Multinational Force and Observers Medal The Multinational Force and Observers Medal is an international military decoration which was first created on March 24, 1982. The medal was established under the authority of the Director-General of the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) wh ...
*
European Community Monitor Mission Medal The European Community Monitor Mission Medal is a medal which recognizes service with the European Community Monitor Mission in the former Yugoslavia which ran from 1991-2007. The mission came about as part of the Brijuni Agreement of 8 July 1991, ...
* CSDP Medal *
Baltic Air Policing The Baltic air-policing mission is a NATO air defence Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) in order to guard the airspace above the three Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Mission Within the Alliance, preserving airspace integrity is con ...
Medal


References


Literature and sources

* W.F. Bax, "Ridderorden, eereteekenen, draagteekens en penningen, betreffende de Weermacht van Nederland en Koloniën (1813-heden)", 1973 * H.G. Meijer, C.P. Mulder en B.W. Wagenaar, "Orders and Decorations of the Netherlands", 1984 * C.H. Evers, "Onderscheidingen", 2001 * J.H. van Zelm van Eldik, "Moed en Trouw", 2003 * O Schutte, De Orde van de Unie", 1985


External links


Dutch Honours (in Dutch)




{{DEFAULTSORT:Order of the Netherlands Lion Awards established in 1815 1815 establishments in the Netherlands