{{Short description, Consort of Raden Wijaya Dara Petak or Dara Pethak, also known in her formal name as Indreswari, was the consort of King Kertarajasa Jayawardhana, the founder of

Majapahit Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was based on the island of Java (in modern-day Indonesia ...

kingdom. She was a

Dharmasraya Dharmasraya, is the capital of the 11th century Buddhist polity known as Melayu Kingdom, based on the Batanghari river system in modern-day West Sumatra and Jambi, on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia.J.L.A. Brandes, 1902, ''Nāgarakrětāga ...

princess from

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

and the only non- Javanese wife of Kertarajasa, and also the mother of

Jayanegara Jayanegara or Jayanagara (formal regnal name Sri Maharaja Wiralandagopala Sri Sundarapandya Dewa Adhiswara, or Sri Sundarapandyadevadhisvara Vikramottungadeva, also known as Kala Gemet), Prince of Kediri in 1295, reigned from 1309 to 1328, was a J ...

, the second monarch of Majapahit. Tradition mentioned her as a woman of exceptional beauty. The name ''Dara Pethak'' in

old Malay Malay was first used in the first millennia known as Old Malay, a part of the Austronesian language family. Over a period of two millennia, Malay has undergone various stages of development that derived from different layers of foreign influen ...

means "white dove", while her other name ''Indreswari'' in Sanskrit means "the consort of

Indra Indra (; Sanskrit: इन्द्र) is the king of the devas (god-like deities) and Svarga (heaven) in Hindu mythology. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war. volumes/ref> I ...

" and it was acquired after her marriage to Majapahit first king.

Early life

She was the daughter of King Srimat Tribhuwanaraja Mauliawarmadewa of Dharmasraya Kingdom in Sumatra, and was sent to Java to be betrothed to Singhasari King. This Sumatran kingdom was held as vassal of

Singhasari Singhasari ( jv, ꦏꦫꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦔ꧀ꦲꦱꦫꦶ, translit=Karaton Singhasari or , id, Kerajaan Singasari) was a Javanese Hindu kingdom located in east Java between 1222 and 1292. The kingdom succeeded the Kingdom of Kediri as ...

in 1286. According to ''

Pararaton The Pararaton (''Book of Kings''), also known as the Katuturanira Ken Angrok (''Story of Ken Angrok''), is a Javanese historical chronicle written in Kawi (Old Javanese). The comparatively short text of 32 folio-size pages (1126 lines) contains ...

'', ten days after the expulsion of Mongol forces from Java, the

Pamalayu expedition The Pamalayu campaign was a diplomatic and military expeditionary force sent by the Javanese King Kertanegara of Singhasari to conquer the Sumatran Melayu Kingdom. It was decreed in 1275, though perhaps not undertaken until later. Little is known ...

led by Mahisa Anabrang returned to Java. The expedition was sent by Singhasari King

Kertanegara Sri Maharajadiraja Sri Kertanegara Wikrama Dharmatunggadewa, Kritanagara, or Sivabuddha (died 1292), was the last and most important ruler of the Singhasari kingdom of Java, reigning from 1268 to 1292. Under his rule Javanese trade and power deve ...

in 1275 to conquer

. The returning Javanese troops brought two Malay princesses,

Dara Jingga Dara Jingga, was one of the Malay Dharmasraya princess who was intended to be betrothed to Javanese King Kertanegara of Singasari after the Pamalayu expedition 1275–1293. Dara Jingga was the older sister of Dara Petak, the consort of Kertaraja ...

and Dara Petak to be presented for

Kertanagara Sri Maharajadiraja Sri Kertanegara Wikrama Dharmatunggadewa, Kritanagara, or Sivabuddha (died 1292), was the last and most important ruler of the Singhasari kingdom of Java, reigning from 1268 to 1292. Under his rule Javanese trade and power devel ...

. The two princesses was originally intended for Kertanagara, however because the Singhasari King has died, his heir

Raden Wijaya Raden Wijaya or Raden Vijaya (also known as Nararya Sangramawijaya, regnal name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana) (reigned 1293–1309) was a Javanese emperor, and the founder and first monarch of the Majapahit Empire.Slamet Muljana, 2005, ''Runtu ...

took Dara Petak in hand of marriage instead, while her sister

was betrothed to

Adwayawarman Adwayawarman was the father of King Adityawarman of Malayapura kingdom (now in West Sumatra province, Indonesia) as mentioned in the Kuburajo I Inscription. His alias name was Adwayadwaja, as he was called in the Bukit Gombak Inscription. Histori ...

, a Javanese high officials (''Rakryan Mahamantri Dyah Adwayabrahma'') of the

, who was sent to transport the statue of Amoghapasa to the Dharmasraya kingdom.

As the king's consort

Within Majapahit palace, Dara Petak cleverly pleases the king, won his favour and subsequently become the king's favourite consort. She acquired the title ''Stri tinuheng pura'', or the most honored wife in the palace. According to ''

Nagarakretagama The ''Nagarakretagama'' or ''Nagarakṛtāgama'', also known as ''Desawarnana'' or ''Deśavarṇana'', is an Old Javanese eulogy to Hayam Wuruk, a Javanese king of the Majapahit Empire. It was written on lontar as a '' kakawin'' by Mpu Pr ...

'',

already has four wives, Tribhuwaneswari, Prajnaparamita, Narendra Duhita, and

Gayatri Rajapatni Gayatri Rajapatni (1276—1350) was the queen consort of Majapahit's founder and first king Kertarajasa Jayawardhana, and also the mother of Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi, the queen regnal of Majapahit. A devout Buddhist, she was the youngest daug ...

; all of them are Singhasari princesses, the daughter of Kertanagara. According to

, Dara Petak was promoted to honorable title because she was the only wife that produced male heir for the king, prince

. According to ''

'', the name of Jayanagara's mother is ''Indreswari'', so it is assumed that this was the new official name of Dara Petak after her marriage to the king. In Kertarajasa inscription (1305),

was mentioned as the son of Tribhuwaneswari, the prime queen and first wife of Raden Wijaya. To reconcile these records, historian suggested that Jayanegara is the son of Indreswari or Dara Petak that later being adopted by the childless queen consort Tribhuwaneswari, in order to be promoted as the heir of the throne. Jayanegara become the successor of King Kertarajasa.

References

* Poesponegoro & Notosusanto (ed.). 1990. ''Sejarah Nasional Indonesia Jilid II''. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. * Slamet Muljana. 2005. ''Menuju Puncak Kemegahan'' (terbitan ulang 1965). Yogyakarta: LKIS * Slamet Muljana. 1979. ''Nagarakretagama dan Tafsir Sejarahnya''. Jakarta: Bhratara Majapahit Malay people Queens consort People from West Sumatra 13th-century Indonesian women