Chyhyryn ( uk, Чигирин, ) is a city and historic site located in

Cherkasy Raion Cherkasy Raion ( uk, Черкаський район, translit.: ''Cherkas'kyi raion'') is a raion (district) of Cherkasy Oblast. It is located in the central part of Cherkasy oblast, and the center of the raion is the city of Cherkasy. The popul ...

Cherkasy Oblast Cherkasy Oblast ( uk, Черка́ська о́бласть, Cherkaska oblast, ), also referred to as Cherkashchyna ( uk, Черка́щина, ) is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine located along the Dnieper River. The administrative center ...

of central

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

. From 1648 to 1669 the city was a

Hetman ( uk, гетьман, translit=het'man) is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders. Used by the Czechs in Bohemia since the 15th century. It was the title of the second-highest military co ...

residence. After a forced relocation of the Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan see from Kyiv in 1658, it became a full-fledged capital of the

Cossack Hetmanate The Cossack Hetmanate ( uk, Гетьманщина, Hetmanshchyna; or ''Cossack state''), officially the Zaporizhian Host or Army of Zaporizhia ( uk, Військо Запорозьке, Viisko Zaporozke, links=no; la, Exercitus Zaporoviensis) ...

. Chyhyryn also became a traditional place for the appointment to the office of Hetman of Zaporizhian Host. It hosts the administration of

Chyhyryn urban hromada Chyhyryn ( uk, Чигирин, ) is a city and historic site located in Cherkasy Raion of Cherkasy Oblast of central Ukraine. From 1648 to 1669 the city was a Hetman residence. After a forced relocation of the Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan see ...

, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population:

Names

Chyhyryn ( uk, Чигирин; Turkish: ''Çigirin'' or ''Çehrin''; russian: Чигирин) pl, Czehryń).

Location

The city is on the banks of

Tiasmyn River The Tiasmyn () is a right tributary of the Dnieper River in Ukraine. It is long, and has a drainage basin of .Тясмин

and lies at an altitude of 124 metres

above mean sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance ( height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as '' orthometric heights''. Th ...

. Minor industries, such as food and furniture factories, are the basis of the town economy in the 21st century.

History

The area (1320–1569) had been part of the

Grand Duchy of Lithuania The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria. The state was founded by Lit ...

. It was ceded to the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi- confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ru ...

(in the

Kijów Voivodeship The Kiev Voivodeship ( pl, województwo kijowskie, la, Palatinatus Kioviensis, uk, Київське воєводство, ''Kyjivśke vojevodstvo'') was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ...

[

Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kyi ...

or Kiev] of the

Crown of Poland The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Latin: ''Corona Regni Poloniae''), known also as the Polish Crown, is the common name for the historic Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, includi ...

) before the

Union of Lublin The Union of Lublin ( pl, Unia lubelska; lt, Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest countries in Europe at the time. It replaced the per ...

. It was granted

Magdeburg Rights Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...

in 1592 by

Sigismund III Vasa Sigismund III Vasa ( pl, Zygmunt III Waza, lt, Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 to ...

Chyhyryn is first mentioned as a fortified Cossack winter station. In 1638, Bohdan Khmelnytsky became its starosta (regional leader), and in 1648 it became the newly elected

's residence and the capital of the Cossack state, the

Zaporozhian Host Zaporozhian Host (or Zaporizhian Sich) is a term for a military force inhabiting or originating from Zaporizhzhia, the territory beyond the rapids of the Dnieper River in what is Central Ukraine today, from the 15th to the 18th centuries. These i ...

. During the

Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681) The Russo-Turkish War of 1676–1681, a war between the Tsardom of Russia and Ottoman Empire, caused by Turkish expansionism in the second half of the 17th century. Prelude After having captured and devastated the region of Podolia in the cour ...

it was the center of two bloody campaigns (1675–76 and 1677–78). In 1678 the castle of Chyhyryn was blown up by the retreating Russian garrison that was stationed there, while the Turkish forces sacked the rest of the city. After this, it gradually lost its significance. The city fell under Ottoman occupation but was later recovered by the Cossacks while the Ottomans were busy in the Battle of Vienna. It remained the center of the

Chyhyryn regiment The Chyhyryn Regiment () was one of the seventeen territorial-administrative subdivisions of the Hetman State. The regiment's capital was the city of Chyhyryn, now in the Cherkasy Oblast of central Ukraine. The military units of the regiment were ...

until 1712 and upon the final incorporation into the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

(1793) it became part of the

region. In 1917 a congress of Free Cossacks took place in Chyhyryn. At that congress by tradition

Pavlo Skoropadsky Pavlo Petrovych Skoropadskyi ( uk, Павло Петрович Скоропадський, Pavlo Petrovych Skoropadskyi; – 26 April 1945) was a Ukrainian aristocrat, military and state leader, decorated Imperial Russian Army and Ukrainian Arm ...

was elected as the Hetman of the Cossacks (later in 1918 in

, he was elected the

Hetman of Ukraine Hetman of Ukraine ( uk, Гетьман України) is a former historic government office and political institution of Ukraine that is equivalent to a head of state or a monarch. Brief history As a head of state the position was establi ...

as well). During

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

, Chyhyryn was occupied by the German Army from August 7, 1941 to December 12, 1943. In 1989 the population of the city was 12 853 people. Until 18 July 2020, Chyhyryn served as an administrative center of

Chyhyryn Raion Chyhyryn Raion ( uk, Чигири́нський райо́н) was a raion (district) of Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine. Its administrative centre was located at the town of Chyhyryn. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the admini ...

. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four. The area of Chyhyryn Raion was merged into Cherkasy Raion.

Climate

Notable people

Georgy Danilov Georgy Konstantinovich Danilov (russian: Георгий Костантинович Данилов; 10 January 1897 – 29 July 1937) was a Soviet linguist, african studies, Africanist and polyglot. He was executed during the Great Purge and rehabi ...

, linguist *

Kateryna Yushchenko Kateryna Mykhaylivna Yushchenko ( uk, Катерина Михайлівна Ющенко, née Chumachenko (Чумаченко); September 1, 1961 in Chicago) was the First Lady of Ukraine from 2005 to 2010. She is married to former Ukrainian Pr ...

, scientist

Landmarks

The Trinity Monastery, built near Chyhyryn in 1627, was later destroyed by the

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...

authorities. Other historical landmarks, such as the town hall and Khmelnytsky's palace, did not survive either. After Ukraine regained independence, Hetman's residence was restored and became a museum.

Gallery

File:Chyhyryn1.jpg, Main square of Chyhyryn File:Chyhyryn2.jpg, Entrance of the restored Bohdan Khmelnytskyi residence File:Chyhyryn3.jpg, Bohdan Khmelnytskyi residence File:Chyhyryn4.jpg, St. Peter and St. Paul Church in Chyhyryn File:Chyhyryn5.jpg, A statue near the church File:Chyhyryn6.jpg, Taras Shevchenko monument in Chyhyryn File:Chyhyryn7.jpg, View of Chyhyryn from the city's Castle Hill File:Chyhyryn9.jpg, Remnants of Čyhyryn Fortress on the Castle Hill File:Chyhyryn Monument 01.jpg, Bohdan Khmelnytskyi monument in Chyhyryn

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Chyhyryn is twinned with:

References

External links

Chyhyryn
in th
Encyclopedia of Ukraine

Soviet topographic map 1:100,000
* {{Authority control Cities in Cherkasy Oblast Chigirinsky Uyezd Kiev Voivodeship Former national capitals Former capitals of Ukraine Cities of district significance in Ukraine Cossack Hetmanate