The Czech Academy of Sciences (abbr. CAS, cs, Akademie věd České republiky, abbr. AV ČR) was established in 1992 by the

Czech National Council The Czech National Council ( cs, Česká národní rada, ČNR) was the legislative body of the Czech Republic since 1968 when the Czech Republic was created as a member state of Czech-Slovak federation. It was legally transformed into the Cham ...

as the Czech successor of the former

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences The Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Czech: ''Československá akademie věd'', Slovak: ''Česko-slovenská akadémia vied'') was established in 1953 to be the scientific center for Czechoslovakia. It was succeeded by the Czech Academy of Scienc ...

and its tradition goes back to the

Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences ( la, Regia Societas Scientiarum Bohemica; german: Königliche böhmische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften; cs, Královská česká společnost nauk) was established in 1784 – originally without the adjective " ...

(founded in 1784) and the

Emperor Franz Joseph Czech Academy for Sciences, Literature and Arts An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother (empr ...

(founded in 1890). The Academy is the leading non-university public research institution in the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

. It conducts both fundamental and strategic applied research. It has three scientific divisions, namely the Division of

Mathematics Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...

Physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which ...

, and

Earth Sciences Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres ...

, Division of

Chemical A chemical substance is a form of matter having constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. Some references add that chemical substance cannot be separated into its constituent elements by physical separation methods, i.e., w ...

and

Life Sciences This list of life sciences comprises the branches of science that involve the scientific study of life – such as microorganisms, plants, and animals including human beings. This science is one of the two major branches of natural science, th ...

, and Division of

Humanities Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at t ...

and

Social Sciences Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of so ...

. The Academy currently manages a network of sixty research institutes and five supporting units staffed by a total of 6,400 employees, over one half of whom are university-trained researchers and Ph.D. scientists. The Head Office of the Academy and forty research institutes are located in

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

, the remaining institutes being situated throughout the country.

History

The establishment of the academy in 1992 follows several previous organizations: * Royal Czech Society of Doctrines (Královská česká společnost nauk), 1784–1952 * (Česká akademie věd a umění), 1890–1952 * Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Československá akademie věd), 1953-1992 In 2010 the academy adopted an

open access policy An open-access mandate is a policy adopted by a research institution, research funder, or government which requires or recommends researchers—usually university faculty or research staff and/or research grant recipients—to make their publishe ...

to make its research outputs free to read and reuse.

Institutes of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Ondřejov - radioteleskop na radarové louce (2)

The official structure of the CAS consists of three areas (sciences about inanimate nature, life sciences, and humanities), each with three sections. Each of these 9 sections contains between 4 and 8 institutes. An institute is divided further into departments, laboratories, or working teams, depending on the size and the topic of the institute.

The Area of the Sciences About Inanimate Nature

Section 1: Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics

* Astronomical institute ''(Astronomický ústav),'' founded in 1954 * Institute of Physics * Institute of Mathematics * Institute of Computer Science (ICS) * Nuclear Physics Institute * Institute of Information Theory and Automation of the CAS (UTIA), founded in 1959

Section 2: Applied Physics

* Institute of Photonics and Electronics * Institute of Physics of Materials * Institute of Plasma Physics * Institute of Hydrodynamics * Institute of Scientific Instruments
Institute of Thermomechanics
* Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

Section 3: Earth Sciences

* Geophysical Institute * Institute of Geology *

Institute of Atmospheric Physics An institute is an organisational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body. In some countries, institutes can ...

, established in 1964 * Institute of Geonics * Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics

The Area of Life Sciences and Chemical Sciences

Section 4: Chemical Sciences

* Institute of Inorganic Chemistry * J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry (''Ústav fyzikální chemie Jaroslava Heyrovského,'' named after

Jaroslav Heyrovský Jaroslav Heyrovský () (December 20, 1890 – March 27, 1967) was a Czech chemist and inventor. Heyrovský was the inventor of the polarographic method, father of the electroanalytical method, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in 1959 for his ...

; abbreviated: ''JHI'' respectively ''UFCH JH''), established in 1972 – merger of the ''Institute of Physical Chemistry'' and the ''Institute of Polarography'' * Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, founded in 1960 * Institute of Analytical Chemistry * Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
Institute_of_Organic_Chemistry_and_Biochemistry
.html" ;"title="Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry">

Institute_of_Organic_Chemistry_and_Biochemistry">Institute_of_Organic_Chemistry_and_Biochemistry

__Section_5:_Biological_and_Medical_Sciences_

*_Institute_of_Biophysics *_Biotechnology_Institute *_Institute_of_Physiology *_Institute_of_Microbiology *_Institute_of_Experimental_Botany *_Institute_of_Experimental_Medicine,_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Czech_Republic.html" "title="Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
">Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry"> Institute_of_Experimental_Medicine_ The_Institute_of_Experimental_Education_in_St_Petersburg_is_one_of_the_oldest_scientific_establishments_in_Russia._It_was_founded_by__Alexander_of_Oldenburg_in_1888_along_the_lines_of_Louis_Pasteur's_Pasteur_Institute._It_was_here_that__Pavlov_did__...

*_Institute_of_Molecular_Genetics *_Institute_of_Animal_Physiology_and_Genetics

__Section_6:_Biological_and_Ecological_Sciences_

*_Biology_Centre *_Institute_of_Botany *_Institute_of_Vertebrate_Biology *_Institute_of_Systems_Biology_and_Ecology

__The_Area_of_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_

__Section_7:_Social_Sciences_and_Economy_

*_Economics_Institute_(EI)_(departments:_CERGE-EI.html" ;"title="Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry

Section 5: Biological and Medical Sciences

* Institute of Biophysics * Biotechnology Institute * Institute of Physiology * Institute of Microbiology * Institute of Experimental Botany *

Institute_of_Experimental_Medicine_ The_Institute_of_Experimental_Education_in_St_Petersburg_is_one_of_the_oldest_scientific_establishments_in_Russia._It_was_founded_by__Alexander_of_Oldenburg_in_1888_along_the_lines_of_Louis_Pasteur's_Pasteur_Institute._It_was_here_that__Pavlov_did__...

*_Institute_of_Molecular_Genetics *_Institute_of_Animal_Physiology_and_Genetics

__Section_6:_Biological_and_Ecological_Sciences_

*_Biology_Centre *_Institute_of_Botany *_Institute_of_Vertebrate_Biology *_Institute_of_Systems_Biology_and_Ecology

__The_Area_of_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_

__Section_7:_Social_Sciences_and_Economy_

*_Economics_Institute_(EI)_(departments:_CERGE-EI">Center_for_Economic_Research_and_Graduate_Education_(CERGE),_founded_1991) *_Institute_of_Psychology *_Institute_of_Sociology *_Institute_of_State_and_Law

__Section_8:_History_

*_Institute_of_Archaeology_(Prague) *_Institute_of_Archaeology_(Brno) *_Institute_of_History *_Masaryk's_Institute_and_Archives *_Institute_of_Art_History *_Institute_of_Contemporary_History

__Section_9:_Humanities_and_Philosophy_

*_Institute_of_Ethnology_ *_Institute_of_Philosophy_(and_its_specialized_department_ Institute_of_Experimental_Medicine_ The_Institute_of_Experimental_Education_in_St_Petersburg_is_one_of_the_oldest_scientific_establishments_in_Russia._It_was_founded_by__Alexander_of_Oldenburg_in_1888_along_the_lines_of_Louis_Pasteur's_Pasteur_Institute._It_was_here_that__Pavlov_did__...

History

Institutes of the Czech Academy of Sciences

The Area of the Sciences About Inanimate Nature

Section 1: Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics

Section 2: Applied Physics

Section 3: Earth Sciences

The Area of Life Sciences and Chemical Sciences

Section 4: Chemical Sciences

__Section_5:_Biological_and_Medical_Sciences_

__Section_6:_Biological_and_Ecological_Sciences_

__The_Area_of_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_

__Section_7:_Social_Sciences_and_Economy_

Section 5: Biological and Medical Sciences

__Section_6:_Biological_and_Ecological_Sciences_

__The_Area_of_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_

__Section_7:_Social_Sciences_and_Economy_

__Section_8:_History_

__Section_9:_Humanities_and_Philosophy_

__Section_6:_Biological_and_Ecological_Sciences_

__The_Area_of_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_

__Section_7:_Social_Sciences_and_Economy_

__Section_8:_History_

__Section_9:_Humanities_and_Philosophy_

Section 6: Biological and Ecological Sciences

The Area of Humanities and Social Sciences

Section 7: Social Sciences and Economy

Section 8: History

Section 9: Humanities and Philosophy

Literature

See also

References

External links