Cyrus Hermann Kotzschmar Curtis

Cyrus Hermann Kotzschmar Curtis (June 18, 1850June 7, 1933) was an American publisher of magazines and newspapers, including the ''Ladies' Home Journal'' and '' The Saturday Evening Post''.Ingham, John N. Biographical Dictionary of American Business Leaders: A-G. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1983, pp. 230–234.

Biography

Born in Portland, Maine, Curtis was compelled to leave high school after his first year to start working, as in 1866 his family lost their home in the Great Fire of Portland. He held a variety of newspaper and advertising jobs in Portland and Boston before starting his first publication, a weekly called the ''People's Ledger'', in Boston in 1872. In 1876, he moved to Philadelphia, then a major publishing center, to reduce his printing costs.

Curtis's first wife was Louisa Knapp. In 1883, Knapp contributed a one-page supplement to the ''Tribune and Farmer'', a magazine published by Curtis. The following year, the supplement was expanded as an independent publication with Louisa as the editor. Its original name was ''The Ladies Home Journal and Practical Housekeeper'', but Knapp dropped the last three words in 1886. ''The Ladies' Home Journal'' rapidly became the leading magazine of its type, reaching a circulation of one million subscriptions within ten years. It was the first American magazine to do so.

Louisa Knapp continued as editor until 1889 when she was succeeded by Edward William Bok. Several years later Bok married Mary Louise Curtis in 1896, becoming the Curtises' son-in-law. Bok retired from the magazine in 1919, but the changes he made had vastly increased circulation. Bok introduced business practices such as: low subscription rates, inclusion of advertising to off-set costs, and reliance on popular content. This operating structure was adopted by men's magazines such as '' McClure's'' and ''Munsey's'' roughly a decade after it had become the standard practice of American women's magazines. Scholars argue that women's magazines, like the ''Ladies' Home Journal'', pioneered these strategies
magazine revolution
.

Curtis founded the Curtis Publishing Company in 1891; it would eventually publish ''Ladies' Home Journal'', '' The Saturday Evening Post'', ''Holiday'', and others. A separate company founded by Curtis, Curtis-Martin Newspapers, controlled several newspapers, including for a time the '' Philadelphia Public Ledger'', '' The Philadelphia Inquirer'', and the '' New York Evening Post''. Management mistakes at the newspapers led to poor financial returns, and eventually, they were sold.

While Curtis was alive, his businesses, excepting the newspapers, were generally extremely successful. ''The Ladies Home Journal'' was for decades the most widely circulating women's magazine in the US, and ''The Saturday Evening Post'' enjoyed the highest circulation of any weekly magazine in the world. In 1929, the ''Post'' and the ''Journal'' together ran fully forty percent of all US magazine advertising. One source lists Curtis as the 51st richest person ever, with a fortune of $43.2 billion adjusted for inflation (to 2008 dollars), which according to this source made him richer than J. P. Morgan.

Curtis built ''Lyndon'', a Renaissance revival estate in Wyncote, Pennsylvania, with landscaping designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. Two of Curtis's yachts, built 1907 and 1920, were named ''Lyndonia''.

Curtis was more than an occasional sailor, however, noting in a 1922 '' New York Times'' interview, " Yachting is not a hobby with me. It is a necessity. I spend half my time on this ship," and further noting that most of his meetings with staff or board members were held in the second ''Lyndonia's'' dining room. Curtis had three large yachts built at Charles L. Seabury Co.: the 115-foot ''Machigonne'' in 1904;Not to be confused with the ''Machigonne'' built by the same builder in 1909 for William L. Douglas and later USS ''Machigonne'' (SP 507). the 163-foot ''Lyndonia'' in 1907; and the 228-foot ''Lyndonia'' in 1920.Both yachts named ''Lyndonia'' saw later service. ''Lyndonia'' of 1907 as the World War I ''Vega'' (SP 734) and ''Lyndonia'' of 1920 as Pan American World Airways' ''Southern Seas'' until it was commandeered by the US armed services for use in the Pacific theater during World War II. Curtis was a founding member of the Camden Yacht Club in Camden, Maine, and its Commodore from 1909 to 1933, later donating the club's facilities to the town.

In the summer of 1932, Curtis suffered a heart attack while aboard his yacht, the second ''Lyndonia''. While he was recuperating at Jefferson Hospital in Philadelphia, his second wife, Kate Stanwood Cutter Pillsbury Curtis, died suddenly. Curtis then remained in frail health until his death on June 7, 1933, less than two weeks before his eighty-third birthday, and he was interred at West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.

Soon after his death, most of the buildings on Curtis's estate were demolished, and his daughter founded the '' Curtis Arboretum'' on the site. After the Curtis Publishing Company moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1982, the company's former headquarters on Independence Square in downtown Philadelphia became the ''Curtis Center'', home to a conference center, offices, a health club, retail shops, and restaurants.

Cyrus Curtis was among the first ten inductees in the American Advertising Federation's Advertising Hall of Fame (1999).

Philanthropy

Cyrus Curtis remains #20 on the list of the richest Americans ever. He was known for his philanthropy to hospitals, museums, universities, and schools. He donated $2 million to the Franklin Institute, for example; $1.25 million to the Drexel Institute of Technology for the construction of Curtis Hall; and $1 million to the University of Pennsylvania. He also purchased a pipe organ manufactured by the Austin Organ Company that had been displayed at the Philadelphia Sesquicentennial Exposition of 1926 and donated it to the University of Pennsylvania. It was incorporated into Irvine Auditorium when the building was constructed and is known to this day as the ''Curtis Organ'', one of the largest pipe organs in the world. (The largest is said to reside in Philadelphia's John Wanamaker Building, only twenty blocks east of Irvine Auditorium.) Curtis donated pipe organs to many institutions in Philadelphia and on the day of his funeral, all of those organs were played in his honor.

In memory of his boyhood music teacher, Hermann Kotzschmar, for whom he had been named, Curtis in 1912 donated the Kotzschmar Memorial Organ to Maine's Portland City Hall Auditorium.Kotzschmar Organ
In Thomaston, Maine, he funded the 1927–29 recreation of ''Montpelier'', the demolished 1795 mansion of Revolutionary War general Henry Knox.

Curtis was a major organizer and backer of the Philadelphia Orchestra, founded in 1900. In its early years, he paid off its debts anonymously. Curtis's daughter, Mary Louise Curtis Bok, founded Philadelphia's Curtis Institute of Music in 1924 and dedicated it to her father.

Gallery

Image:Curtis residence.jpg, ''Lyndon'' (1895), Wyncote, PA. Demolished, except for the 1903 ballroom addition, now Curtis Hall.Anonymous. ''After Curtis'' Time magazine, Monday, Jul. 17, 1933
/ref>
File:Curtis Hall II.JPG, Curtis Hall (1903), Church Rd. & Greenwood Ave., Wyncote, PA.
File:USS Lyndonia SP-734.jpg, '' The Lyndonia'' (built 1907).
File:Curtis building.jpg, Curtis Building (1910), 6th & Walnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA.
File:Curtis Dream Garden.jpg, ''Dream Garden'' mosaic (1916) by Louis Comfort Tiffany and Maxfield Parrish, in the Curtis Building.
File:Curtis Institute of Music - IMG 6559.JPG, Curtis Institute of Music (est. 1924), 18th & Locust Sts., Philadelphia, PA.

Notes

References

External links

A biography of Curtis

Curtis's page at the Advertising Hall of Fame

{{DEFAULTSORT:Curtis, Cyrus Hermann Kotzschmar
1850 births
1933 deaths
Cyrus
People from Cheltenham, Pennsylvania
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Businesspeople from Portland, Maine
19th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American businesspeople
American magazine founders
American newspaper chain founders
American media executives
American philanthropists
Burials at West Laurel Hill Cemetery
Ladies' Home Journal