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The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant
Most of the plants in this family are annual
The most recent classification of Cucurbitaceae delineates 15
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...
, of which the most important to humans are:
*''Cucurbita
''Cucurbita'' (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous fruits in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae (also known as ''cucurbits'' or ''cucurbi''), native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five edible species are grown and consumed for their flesh an ...
'' – squash, pumpkin
A pumpkin is a vernacular term for mature winter squash of species and varieties in the genus ''Cucurbita'' that has culinary and cultural significance but no agreed upon botanical or scientific meaning. The term ''pumpkin'' is sometimes use ...
, zucchini, some gourd
Gourds include the fruits of some flowering plant species in the family Cucurbitaceae, particularly ''Cucurbita'' and '' Lagenaria''. The term refers to a number of species and subspecies, many with hard shells, and some without. One of the ear ...
s
*'' Lagenaria'' – calabash
Calabash (; ''Lagenaria siceraria''), also known as bottle gourd, white-flowered gourd, long melon, birdhouse gourd, New Guinea bean, Tasmania bean, and opo squash, is a vine grown for its fruit. It can be either harvested young to be consumed ...
, and others that are inedible
*'' Citrullus'' – watermelon (''C. lanatus'', ''C. colocynthis'') and others
*'' Cucumis'' – cucumber
Cucumber (''Cucumis sativus'') is a widely-cultivated creeping vine plant in the Cucurbitaceae family that bears usually cylindrical fruits, which are used as culinary vegetables.melon
A melon is any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae with sweet, edible, and fleshy fruit. The word "melon" can refer to either the plant or specifically to the fruit. Botanically, a melon is a kind of berry, specifically a "pepo". T ...
s and vines
*'' Momordica'' – bitter melon
''Momordica charantia'' (commonly called bitter melon; Goya; bitter apple; bitter gourd; bitter squash; balsam-pear; with many more names listed below) is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Af ...
*'' Luffa'' – the common name is also luffa, sometimes spelled loofah (when fully ripened, two species of this fibrous fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering.
Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in partic ...
are the source of the loofah scrubbing sponge)
*'' Cyclanthera'' – Caigua
The plants in this family are grown around the tropics and in temperate areas, where those with edible fruits were among the earliest cultivated plants in both the Old and New Worlds. The family Cucurbitaceae ranks among the highest of plant families for number and percentage of species used as human food. The name ''Cucurbitaceae'' comes to international scientific vocabulary
International scientific vocabulary (ISV) comprises scientific and specialized words whose language of origin may or may not be certain, but which are in current use in several modern languages (that is, translingually, whether in naturalized, lo ...
from New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
, from ''Cucurbita
''Cucurbita'' (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous fruits in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae (also known as ''cucurbits'' or ''cucurbi''), native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five edible species are grown and consumed for their flesh an ...
'', the type genus
In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name.
Zoological nomenclature
According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal ...
, + '' -aceae'', a standardized suffix
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carr ...
for plant family names in modern taxonomy. The genus name comes from the Classical Latin
Classical Latin is the form of Literary Latin recognized as a literary standard by writers of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. It was used from 75 BC to the 3rd century AD, when it developed into Late Latin. In some later period ...
word ''cucurbita
''Cucurbita'' (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous fruits in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae (also known as ''cucurbits'' or ''cucurbi''), native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five edible species are grown and consumed for their flesh an ...
'', "gourd".
Description
Most of the plants in this family are annual vine
A vine (Latin ''vīnea'' "grapevine", "vineyard", from ''vīnum'' "wine") is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas or runners. The word ''vine'' can also refer to such stems or runners themsel ...
s, but some are woody liana
A liana is a long- stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word ''liana'' does not refer to a t ...
s, thorny shrubs, or trees ('' Dendrosicyos''). Many species have large, yellow or white flowers. The stems are hairy and pentangular. Tendril
In botany, a tendril is a specialized stem, leaf or petiole with a threadlike shape used by climbing plants for support and attachment, as well as cellular invasion by parasitic plants such as '' Cuscuta''. There are many plants that have tend ...
s are present at 90° to the leaf petioles at nodes. Leaves are exstipulate, alternate, simple palmately
The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular ...
lobed or palmately compound. The flowers are unisexual, with male and female flowers on different plants (dioecious
Dioecy (; ; adj. dioecious , ) is a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct individual organisms (unisexual) that produce male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproducti ...
) or on the same plant (monoecious
Monoecy (; adj. monoecious ) is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system alongside gynomonoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy.
Monoecy is ...
). The female flowers have inferior ovaries. The fruit is often a kind of modified berry
A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, rasp ...
called a pepo
PEPO Lappeenranta (abbreviated PEPO) is a football club from Lappeenranta in Finland. The club was formed in 1958 and their home ground is at the Kimpinen Sports Centre. The men's first team currently plays in the Ykkönen (Second Division). ...
.
Fossil history
One of the oldestfossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...
cucurbits so far is †''Cucurbitaciphyllum lobatum'' from the Paleocene
The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''pala ...
epoch, found at Shirley Canal, Montana
Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columb ...
. It was described for the first time in 1924 by the paleobotanist Frank Hall Knowlton
Frank Hall Knowlton (September 2, 1860 - November 22, 1926) was an American botanist, ornithologist and naturalist. Born in Vermont, he joined the Geological Survey and took an interest in fossil plants in the local lignite, later becoming a spec ...
. The fossil leaf is palmate
The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular ...
, trilobed with rounded lobal sinuses and an entire or serrate margin. It has a leaf
A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, ...
pattern similar to the members of the genera ''Kedrostis
''Kedrostis'' is a genus of ± 35 species climbing or trailing herbs in the family Cucurbitaceae. Its native range is tropical Africa and Asia.
Species
# ''Kedrostis abdallai'' A. Zimmermann
# ''Kedrostis africana'' (L.) Cogn.
# ''Kedrostis ...
'', '' Melothria'' and '' Zehneria''.
Classification
Tribal classification
The most recent classification of Cucurbitaceae delineates 15 tribes
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...
:
* Tribe Gomphogyneae Benth. & Hook.f.
** '' Alsomitra'' (Blume) Spach (1 sp.)
** ''Bayabusua
''Bayabusua'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most importan ...
'' (1 sp.)
** '' Gomphogyne'' Griff. (2 spp.)
** '' Gynostemma'' Blume (10 spp.)
** ''Hemsleya
''Hemsleya'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Eastern Himalayas to southern China and Papuasia. It is native to the countries of Assam (in India), Bismarck Archipelago (island group, part ...
'' Cogn. ex F.B.Forbes & Hemsl. (30 spp.)
** ''Neoalsomitra
''Neoalsomitra'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the Squash Family (Cucurbitaceae).
Its native range is Tropical and Subtropical Asia to Fiji
Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the ...
'' Hutch. (12 spp.)
* Tribe Triceratieae A.Rich.
** ''Anisosperma
''Fevillea'' is a genus of the plant family Cucurbitaceae (the cucumber, squash, and pumpkin family). Some references suggest that there is only one member of this genus, '' Fevillea cordifolia'' (antidote vine). Other online sources make refere ...
'' Silva Manso (1 sp.)
** '' Cyclantheropsis'' Harms (3 spp.)
** ''Fevillea
''Fevillea'' is a genus of the plant family Cucurbitaceae (the cucumber, squash, and pumpkin family). Some references suggest that there is only one member of this genus, '' Fevillea cordifolia'' (antidote vine). Other online sources make refere ...
'' L. (8 spp.)
** '' Pteropepon'' (Cogn.) Cogn. (5 spp.)
** '' Sicydium'' Schltdl. (7 spp.)
* Tribe Zanonieae Benth. & Hook.f.
** '' Gerrardanthus'' Harvey in Hook.f. (3–5 spp.)
** ''Siolmatra
''Siolmatra'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important ...
'' Baill. (1 sp.)
** '' Xerosicyos'' Humbert (5 spp.)
** '' Zanonia'' L. (1 sp.)
* Tribe Actinostemmateae H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
** '' Actinostemma'' Griff. (3 spp.)
* Tribe Indofevilleeae H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
** ''Indofevillea
''Indofevillea'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Eastern Himalayas, Assam, to Tibet and Myanmar.
The genus name of ''Indofevillea'' is in honour of Louis Feuillée (1660–1732), a French ...
'' Chatterjee Chatterjee or Chattopadhyay (চট্টোপাধ্যায়) is a Bengali Hindu family name, used primarily by the Kulin group of Pancha-Gauda Brahmins in India, and associated with the Bengali Brahmin caste. ''Chatterjee'' is an Angliciz ...
(2 sp.)
* Tribe Thladiantheae H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
** ''Baijiania
''Baijiania'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Borneo
Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Mari ...
'' A.M.Lu & J.Q.Li (30 spp.)
** ''Thladiantha
''Thladiantha'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cucurbitaceae, native to the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and China. They are dioecious, perennial herbs. The best known species is ''Thladiantha dubia''.
Species
Species curr ...
'' Bunge 1833 (5 spp.)
* Tribe Siraitieae
''Siraitia'' is a genus of plants from the family Cucurbitaceae. The following species have been assigned to it, at various times:Siraitia'' Merr. (3–4 spp.)
* Tribe
Momordiceae
''Momordica'' is a genus of about 60 species of annual or perennial climbers herbaceous or rarely small shrubs belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, natives of tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia and Australia. Most species produce floral ...
H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
** '' Momordica'' L. (60 spp.)
* Tribe Joliffieae Schrad.
** ''Ampelosicyos
''Ampelosicyos'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
It is native to Madagascar.
The genus name of ''Ampelosicyos'' is in honour of Ampelos, who was the personification of the grapevine and lover of Dionysus in ...
'' Thouars (5 spp.)
** '' Cogniauxia'' Baill. (2 spp.)
** ''Telfairia
''Telfairia'' is a small genus of flowering plants in the squash family which are native to Africa. They include ''Telfairia occidentalis'', the fluted pumpkin, which is an important vegetable in Nigeria and other African nations. It is also kno ...
'' Hook. (3 spp.)
* Tribe Bryonieae Dumort.
** '' Austrobryonia'' H.Schaef. (4 spp.)
** '' Bryonia'' L. (10 spp.)
** ''Ecballium
''Ecballium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cucurbitaceae containing a single species, ''Ecballium elaterium'', also called the squirting cucumber or exploding cucumber (not the same plant as '' Cyclanthera brachystachya''). Its ...
'' A.Rich. (1 sp.)
* Tribe Schizopeponeae C.Jeffrey
** ''Herpetospermum
''Herpetospermum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Himalaya
The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from th ...
'' Wall. ex Hook.f. (3 spp.)
** '' Schizopepon'' Maxim. (6–8 spp.)
* Tribe Sicyoeae Schrad.
** '' Cyclanthera'' Schrad. (40 spp.)
** '' Echinocystis'' Torr. & A.Gray (1 sp.)
** '' Echinopepon'' Naudin (20 spp., including ''Brandegea
''Brandegea'' is a monotypic genus containing the single species ''Brandegea bigelovii'', the desert starvine. This sprawling perennial vine in the squash family is native to the deserts of California, Arizona, and northern Mexico. The distincti ...
'' Cogn.)
** '' Frantzia'' Pittier (5 spp.)
** '' Hanburia'' Seem. (7 spp.)
** ''Hodgsonia
''Hodgsonia'' is a small genus of fruit-bearing vines in the family Cucurbitaceae.
''Hodgsonia'' was named for Brian Houghton Hodgson in 1853 by British botanists Joseph Dalton Hooker and Thomas Thomson, who examined the plant under Hodgson's ho ...
'' Hook.f. & Thomson (2 spp.)
** ''Linnaeosicyos
''Linnaeosicyos'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. The only species is ''Linnaeosicyos amara'' .
It is native to the Dominican Republic.
The genus name of ''Linnaeosicyos'' is in honour of Carl Linn ...
'' H.Schaef. & Kocyan (1 sp.)
** '' Luffa'' Mill. (5–7 spp.)
** '' Marah'' Kellogg (7 spp.)
** ''Nothoalsomitra
''Nothoalsomitra suberosa'' is a species of subtropical vines in the family Cucurbitaceae, the only member of the monotypic genus ''Nothoalsomitra''. Native to Queensland in Australia.
The species is a vigorous climber with pale corky bark and ...
'' Hutch. (1 sp.)
** '' Sicyos'' L. (75 spp., including '' Sechium'' P.Browne)
** ''Trichosanthes
''Trichosanthes'' is a genus of tropical and subtropical vines. They belong to the cucumber family (Cucurbitaceae), and are closely related to '' Gymnopetalum''. ''Hodgsonia'', formerly included here, is usually considered a well-distinct genus n ...
'' L. (≤100 spp.)
* Tribe Coniandreae Endl.
** ''Apodanthera
''Apodanthera'' is a genus of plants in the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are:
* ...
'' Arn. (16 spp.)
** '' Bambekea'' Cogn. (1 sp.)
** ''Ceratosanthes
''Ceratosanthes'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Tropical America.
Species:
*''Ceratosanthes angustiloba''
*''Ceratosanthes cuneata''
*''Ceratosanthes hilariana''
*''Ceratosanthes h ...
'' Adans. (4 spp.)
** '' Corallocarpus'' Welw. ex Benth. & Hook.f. (17 spp.)
** '' Cucurbitella'' Walp. (1 sp.)
** '' Dendrosicyos'' Balf.f. (1 sp.)
** ''Doyerea
''Doyerea'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. The only species is ''D. emetocathartica''.
Its native range is Mexico to Venezuela, Caribbean
The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïb ...
'' Grosourdy (1 sp.)
** ''Eureiandra
''Eureiandra'' is a genus of plant in the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are:
*'' ...
'' Hook.f. (8 spp.)
** ''Gurania
''Gurania'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important ...
'' (Schltdl.) Cogn. (37 spp.)
** '' Halosicyos'' Mart.Crov (1 sp.)
** ''Helmontia
''Helmontia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is from northern South America to northern Brazil. It is found in the countries of Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela.
The ge ...
'' Cogn. (2–4 spp.)
** ''Ibervillea
''Ibervillea'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Arizona, Oklahoma New Mexico, Texas and south to Mexico, Belize and Guatemala.
The genus name of ''Ibervillea'' is in honour of Pierre Le Mo ...
'' Greene (9–10 spp.)
** ''Kedrostis
''Kedrostis'' is a genus of ± 35 species climbing or trailing herbs in the family Cucurbitaceae. Its native range is tropical Africa and Asia.
Species
# ''Kedrostis abdallai'' A. Zimmermann
# ''Kedrostis africana'' (L.) Cogn.
# ''Kedrostis ...
'' Medik. (28 spp.)
** '' Melotrianthus'' M.Crovetto (1–3 spp.)
** ''Psiguria
''Psiguria'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important ...
'' Neck. ex Arn. (6–12 spp.)
** '' Seyrigia'' Keraudren (6 spp.)
** ''Trochomeriopsis
''Trochomeriopsis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most i ...
'' Cogn. (1 sp.)
** ''Tumamoca
''Tumamoca'' is a plant genus in the family Cucurbitaceae. It is named for Tumamoc Hill just west of the City of Tucson, Arizona, where the University of Arizona maintains an ecological research station. The type specimen
In biology, a ty ...
'' Rose (2 spp.)
** '' Wilbrandia'' Silva Manso (5 spp.)
* Tribe Benincaseae Ser.
** ''Acanthosicyos
''Acanthosicyos'' is a genus of thorny shrubs of the botanical family Cucurbitaceae, subfamily Cucurbitoideae. The genus name derives from the Greek words "''akantha''" for thorn and "''sykios''" for cucumber or gourd. Species
Endemic to the Na ...
'' Welw. ex Hook.f. (1 sp.)
** '' Benincasa'' Savi (2 spp., including ''Praecitrullus
''Praecitrullus fistulosus'', commonly known as Tinda, also called Indian squash, round melon, Indian round gourd or apple gourd or Indian baby pumpkin, is a squash-like cucurbit grown for its immature fruit, a vegetable especially popular in ...
'' Pangalo)
** '' Borneosicyos'' (1–2 spp.)
** '' Cephalopentandra'' Chiov. (1 sp.)
** '' Citrullus'' Schrad. (4 spp.)
** ''Coccinia
The scarlet gourds are a genus (''Coccinia'' from the Greek, ''kokkinia'' or ''kokkinias'' - "red" or "scarlet") with 25 species. It is distributed in sub-Saharan Africa and with one species, ''C. grandis'' also in South and South-east Asia, an ...
'' Wight & Arn. (30 spp.)
** '' Ctenolepis'' Hook. f. 1867 (3 spp.)
** '' Cucumis'' L. (65 spp.)
** '' Dactyliandra'' Hook.f. (2 spp.)
** '' Diplocyclos'' (Endl.) T.Post & Kuntze (4 spp.)
** '' Indomelothria'' (2 spp.)
** ''Khmeriosicyos
''Khmeriosicyos'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. Its native range is Southern Indo-China
Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula or Indochina, is the continental portion of Sout ...
'' (1 sp.)
** '' Lagenaria'' Ser. (6 spp.)
** ''Lemurosicyos
''Lemurosicyos'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the m ...
'' Keraudren (1 sp.)
** '' Melothria'' L. (12 spp., including '' M. scabra'')
** '' Muellerargia'' Cogn. (2 sp.)
** '' Papuasicyos'' (8 spp.)
** '' Peponium'' Engl. (20 spp.)
** ''Raphidiocystis
''Raphidiocystis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Tropical Africa
Although tropical Africa is mostly familiar to the West for its rainforests, this biogeographic realm of Africa is ...
'' Hook.f. (5 spp.)
** ''Ruthalicia
''Ruthalicia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most importan ...
'' C.Jeffrey (2 spp.)
** '' Scopellaria'' W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes (2 spp.)
** '' Solena'' Lour. (3 spp.)
** '' Trochomeria'' Hook.f. (8 spp.)
** '' Zehneria'' Endl. (''ca.'' 60 spp.)
* Tribe Cucurbiteae
The Cucurbiteae are a tribe of the subfamily Cucurbitoideae, which is part of the flowering plant family Cucurbitaceae (gourds). Species are usually monoecious herbaceous annuals or woody lianas.
The tribe consists of 13 genera reported, but a 2 ...
Ser.
** ''Abobra
''Abobra'' is a monotypic genus of the gourd family containing the one species ''Abobra tenuifolia'' (syn. ''Abobra viridiflora'' Naudin, ''Bryonia tenuifolia'' Hook. & Arn.). It is a diecious, perennial climbing plant reaching up to 4 meters ...
'' Naudin (1 sp.)
** ''Calycophysum
''Calycophysum'' is a genus of the gourd family.
Species
References
External links
*
*
*
Cucurbitaceae genera
Cucurbitoideae
{{Cucurbitales-stub ...
'' H.Karst. & Triana (5 spp.)
** '' Cayaponia'' Silva Manso (50–59 spp., including ''Selysia
''Selysia'' is a genus of the gourd family. A 2011 study based on genetics placed it under the genus ''Cayaponia
''Cayaponia'' is the largest genus in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, with about 60 species. The plants are referred to as melon ...
'' Cogn.)
** ''Cionosicys
''Cionosicys'' is a genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below ...
'' Griseb. (4–5 spp.)
** ''Cucurbita
''Cucurbita'' (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous fruits in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae (also known as ''cucurbits'' or ''cucurbi''), native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five edible species are grown and consumed for their flesh an ...
'' L. (15 spp.)
** '' Penelopeia'' Urb. (2 spp.)
** ''Peponopsis
''Peponopsis'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the mos ...
'' Naudin (1 sp.)
** ''Polyclathra
''Polyclathra'' is a genus of the gourd family. It has the synonyms ''Pentaclathra'', ''Pittiera'', and ''Roseanthus''. Its corolla is white.
Species
References
External links
Cucurbitaceae genera
Cucurbitoideae
{{Cucurbita ...
'' Bertol. (6 spp.)
** '' Schizocarpum'' Schrad. (11 spp.)
** ''Sicana
''Sicana'' is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Cucurbitaceae. There are three or four species, found in rainforest and secondary scrub in the Caribbean and Central America.
Species
According to Hanno Schaefer and Susanne Renner, t ...
'' Naudin (4 spp.)
** '' Tecunumania'' Standl. & Steyerm. (1 sp.)
Systematics
Modernmolecular phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
suggest the following relationships:
{, class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; border:solid 1px #aaa"
, -
! style="background:#F0F2F5" , Detailed Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to ...
showing Cucurbitaceae phylogeny
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,
{{Clade, style=line-height:90%;font-size:90%;
, label1=Cucurbitaceae
, 1={{clade
, 1={{clade
, label1= Gomphogyneae
, 1={{clade
, 1='' Alsomitra''
, 2={{clade
, 1=''Bayabusua
''Bayabusua'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most importan ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1=''Hemsleya
''Hemsleya'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Eastern Himalayas to southern China and Papuasia. It is native to the countries of Assam (in India), Bismarck Archipelago (island group, part ...
''
, 2='' Gomphogyne''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Gynostemma''
, 2=''Neoalsomitra
''Neoalsomitra'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the Squash Family (Cucurbitaceae).
Its native range is Tropical and Subtropical Asia to Fiji
Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, label1= Triceratieae
, 1={{clade
, 1=''Fevillea
''Fevillea'' is a genus of the plant family Cucurbitaceae (the cucumber, squash, and pumpkin family). Some references suggest that there is only one member of this genus, '' Fevillea cordifolia'' (antidote vine). Other online sources make refere ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Pteropepon''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Cyclantheropsis''
, 2='' Sicydium''
, label2= Zanonieae
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Gerrardanthus''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1='' Zanonia''
, 2=''Siolmatra
''Siolmatra'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important ...
''
, 2='' Xerosicyos''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, label1= Actinostemmateae
, 1='' Actinostemma''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, label1= Indofevilleeae
, 1=''Indofevillea
''Indofevillea'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Eastern Himalayas, Assam, to Tibet and Myanmar.
The genus name of ''Indofevillea'' is in honour of Louis Feuillée (1660–1732), a French ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, label1= Thladiantheae
, 1={{clade
, 1=''Baijiania
''Baijiania'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Borneo
Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Mari ...
''
, 2=''Thladiantha
''Thladiantha'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cucurbitaceae, native to the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and China. They are dioecious, perennial herbs. The best known species is ''Thladiantha dubia''.
Species
Species curr ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, label1=Siraitieae
''Siraitia'' is a genus of plants from the family Cucurbitaceae. The following species have been assigned to it, at various times:Siraitia''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, label1=
Cucurbitaceae
i
i
L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/ {{Angiosperm families {{Taxonbar, from=Q8314 {{Authority control Rosid families Extant Danian first appearances Taxa named by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu Taxa described in 1789
Momordiceae
''Momordica'' is a genus of about 60 species of annual or perennial climbers herbaceous or rarely small shrubs belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, natives of tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia and Australia. Most species produce floral ...
, 1='' Momordica''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, label1= Joliffieae
, 1={{clade
, 1='' Cogniauxia''
, 2={{clade
, 1=''Telfairia
''Telfairia'' is a small genus of flowering plants in the squash family which are native to Africa. They include ''Telfairia occidentalis'', the fluted pumpkin, which is an important vegetable in Nigeria and other African nations. It is also kno ...
''
, 2=''Ampelosicyos
''Ampelosicyos'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
It is native to Madagascar.
The genus name of ''Ampelosicyos'' is in honour of Ampelos, who was the personification of the grapevine and lover of Dionysus in ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, label1= Bryonieae
, 1={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1=''Ecballium
''Ecballium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cucurbitaceae containing a single species, ''Ecballium elaterium'', also called the squirting cucumber or exploding cucumber (not the same plant as '' Cyclanthera brachystachya''). Its ...
''
, 2='' Bryonia''
, 2='' Austrobryonia''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, label1= Sicyoeae
, 1={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1=''Nothoalsomitra
''Nothoalsomitra suberosa'' is a species of subtropical vines in the family Cucurbitaceae, the only member of the monotypic genus ''Nothoalsomitra''. Native to Queensland in Australia.
The species is a vigorous climber with pale corky bark and ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1=''Hodgsonia
''Hodgsonia'' is a small genus of fruit-bearing vines in the family Cucurbitaceae.
''Hodgsonia'' was named for Brian Houghton Hodgson in 1853 by British botanists Joseph Dalton Hooker and Thomas Thomson, who examined the plant under Hodgson's ho ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1='' Echinocystis''
, 2='' Marah''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1='' Echinopepon''
, 2='' Frantzia''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Cyclanthera''
, 2='' Hanburia''
, 3='' Sicyos''
, 2={{clade
, 1=''Linnaeosicyos
''Linnaeosicyos'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. The only species is ''Linnaeosicyos amara'' .
It is native to the Dominican Republic.
The genus name of ''Linnaeosicyos'' is in honour of Carl Linn ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Luffa''
, 2=''Trichosanthes
''Trichosanthes'' is a genus of tropical and subtropical vines. They belong to the cucumber family (Cucurbitaceae), and are closely related to '' Gymnopetalum''. ''Hodgsonia'', formerly included here, is usually considered a well-distinct genus n ...
''
, 2={{clade
, label1= Schizopeponeae
, 1={{clade
, 1='' Schizopepon''
, 2=''Herpetospermum
''Herpetospermum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Himalaya
The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from th ...
''
, 3={{clade
, 1={{clade
, label1= Coniandreae
, 1=CONIANDREAE
, 2={{clade
, label1=Cucurbiteae
The Cucurbiteae are a tribe of the subfamily Cucurbitoideae, which is part of the flowering plant family Cucurbitaceae (gourds). Species are usually monoecious herbaceous annuals or woody lianas.
The tribe consists of 13 genera reported, but a 2 ...
, 1=CUCURBITEAE
, label2= Benincaseae
, 2=BENINCASEAE
, targetA=CONIANDREAE
, subcladeA={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1='' Bambekea''
, 2=''Eureiandra
''Eureiandra'' is a genus of plant in the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are:
*'' ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Dendrosicyos''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1=''Trochomeriopsis
''Trochomeriopsis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most i ...
''
, 2='' Seyrigia''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Corallocarpus''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Cucurbitella''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1=''Doyerea
''Doyerea'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. The only species is ''D. emetocathartica''.
Its native range is Mexico to Venezuela, Caribbean
The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïb ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Wilbrandia''
, 2={{clade
, 1=''Psiguria
''Psiguria'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1=''Helmontia
''Helmontia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is from northern South America to northern Brazil. It is found in the countries of Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela.
The ge ...
''
, 2=''Gurania
''Gurania'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important ...
''
, 2='' Melotrianthus''
, 3={{clade
, 1=''Kedrostis
''Kedrostis'' is a genus of ± 35 species climbing or trailing herbs in the family Cucurbitaceae. Its native range is tropical Africa and Asia.
Species
# ''Kedrostis abdallai'' A. Zimmermann
# ''Kedrostis africana'' (L.) Cogn.
# ''Kedrostis ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1=''Ceratosanthes
''Ceratosanthes'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Tropical America.
Species:
*''Ceratosanthes angustiloba''
*''Ceratosanthes cuneata''
*''Ceratosanthes hilariana''
*''Ceratosanthes h ...
''
, 2='' Halosicyos''
, 2=''Apodanthera
''Apodanthera'' is a genus of plants in the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are:
* ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1=''Tumamoca
''Tumamoca'' is a plant genus in the family Cucurbitaceae. It is named for Tumamoc Hill just west of the City of Tucson, Arizona, where the University of Arizona maintains an ecological research station. The type specimen
In biology, a ty ...
''
, 2=''Ibervillea
''Ibervillea'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Arizona, Oklahoma New Mexico, Texas and south to Mexico, Belize and Guatemala.
The genus name of ''Ibervillea'' is in honour of Pierre Le Mo ...
''
, targetB=CUCURBITEAE
, subcladeB={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1=''Polyclathra
''Polyclathra'' is a genus of the gourd family. It has the synonyms ''Pentaclathra'', ''Pittiera'', and ''Roseanthus''. Its corolla is white.
Species
References
External links
Cucurbitaceae genera
Cucurbitoideae
{{Cucurbita ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1=''Peponopsis
''Peponopsis'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the mos ...
''
, 2=''Cucurbita
''Cucurbita'' (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous fruits in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae (also known as ''cucurbits'' or ''cucurbi''), native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five edible species are grown and consumed for their flesh an ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1='' Penelopeia''
, 2=''Calycophysum
''Calycophysum'' is a genus of the gourd family.
Species
References
External links
*
*
*
Cucurbitaceae genera
Cucurbitoideae
{{Cucurbitales-stub ...
''
, 3=''Sicana
''Sicana'' is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Cucurbitaceae. There are three or four species, found in rainforest and secondary scrub in the Caribbean and Central America.
Species
According to Hanno Schaefer and Susanne Renner, t ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Tecunumania''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Schizocarpum''
, 2={{clade
, 1=''Cionosicys
''Cionosicys'' is a genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1=''Abobra
''Abobra'' is a monotypic genus of the gourd family containing the one species ''Abobra tenuifolia'' (syn. ''Abobra viridiflora'' Naudin, ''Bryonia tenuifolia'' Hook. & Arn.). It is a diecious, perennial climbing plant reaching up to 4 meters ...
''
, 2='' Cayaponia''
, targetC=BENINCASEAE
, subcladeC={{clade
, 1='' Zehneria''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1='' Citrullus''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Peponium''
, 2='' Lagenaria''
, 2={{clade
, 1=''Acanthosicyos
''Acanthosicyos'' is a genus of thorny shrubs of the botanical family Cucurbitaceae, subfamily Cucurbitoideae. The genus name derives from the Greek words "''akantha''" for thorn and "''sykios''" for cucumber or gourd. Species
Endemic to the Na ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1=''Raphidiocystis
''Raphidiocystis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
Its native range is Tropical Africa
Although tropical Africa is mostly familiar to the West for its rainforests, this biogeographic realm of Africa is ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Cephalopentandra''
, 2={{clade
, 1=''Lemurosicyos
''Lemurosicyos'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the m ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Solena''
, 2='' Borneosicyos''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Benincasa''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Ctenolepis''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Dactyliandra''
, 2='' Trochomeria''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1=''Ruthalicia
''Ruthalicia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most importan ...
''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Indomelothria''
, 2='' Melothria''
, 2={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1={{clade
, 1=''Coccinia
The scarlet gourds are a genus (''Coccinia'' from the Greek, ''kokkinia'' or ''kokkinias'' - "red" or "scarlet") with 25 species. It is distributed in sub-Saharan Africa and with one species, ''C. grandis'' also in South and South-east Asia, an ...
''
, 2='' Diplocyclos''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Papuasicyos''
, 2='' Scopellaria''
, 2={{clade
, 1='' Muellerargia''
, 2='' Cucumis''
{{anchor, Pests, Diseases
Pests and diseases
Sweet potato whitefly is the vector of a number of cucurbit viruses that cause yellowing symptoms throughout thesouthern United States
The Southern United States (sometimes Dixie, also referred to as the Southern States, the American South, the Southland, or simply the South) is a geographic and cultural region of the United States of America. It is between the Atlantic Ocean ...
.{{cite journal , title=Whitefly-Transmitted Yellowing Viruses of Cucurbit Crops , publisher= American Phytopathological Society , date=2020-08-28 , doi=10.1094/grow-cuc-08-20-006 , first=William M. , last=Wintermantel, s2cid=242003450
References
{{ReflistFurther reading
* {{cite book , veditors=Bates D, Robinson R, Jeffrey C , year=1990 , title=Biology and Utilization of the Cucurbitaceae , publisher=Cornell University Press , isbn=978-0-8014-1670-5 * {{cite journal , author=Jeffrey C. , year=2005 , title=A new system of Cucurbitaceae , journal=Bot. Zhurn. , volume=90 , pages=332–335External links
Cucurbitaceae
i
i
L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/ {{Angiosperm families {{Taxonbar, from=Q8314 {{Authority control Rosid families Extant Danian first appearances Taxa named by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu Taxa described in 1789