Csongrád ( Hungarian: ''Csongrád'',

Serbian Serbian may refer to: * someone or something related to Serbia, a country in Southeastern Europe * someone or something related to the Serbs, a South Slavic people * Serbian language * Serbian names See also * * * Old Serbian (disambiguation ...

: ''Čongrad'' or ''Чонград'') was an administrative county (

comitatus ''Comitatus'' was in ancient times the Latin term for an armed escort or retinue. The term is used especially in the context of Germanic warrior culture for a warband tied to a leader by an oath of fealty and describes the relations between a lo ...

) of the

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coronation of the Hungarian monarch, c ...

. Its territory, which was smaller than that of present-day Csongrád-Csanád County, is now part of

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Cr ...

, except a very small area which belongs to

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hu ...

. The capital of the county was

Szentes Szentes is a town in south-eastern Hungary, Csongrád county, near the Tisza river. The town is a cultural and educational center of the region. Notable people * Árpád Balázs (born 1937), classical music composer * János Bácskai 1954. novemb ...

Name

The name Csongrád/Čongrad is Slavic by origin. In

Slavic languages The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavic peoples and their descendants. They are thought to descend from a proto-language called Proto-Slavic, spoken during the ...

, this name means "a black city" (čon/čorni = black, grad = city/town). Indeed, the county was named after a town of

Csongrád Csongrád ( ro, Ciongrad; tr, Conğrad sr, Чонград, Čongrad, archaically also ''Црноград/Crnograd'') is a town in Csongrád County in southern Hungary. History At the time of the Hungarian Conquest (the end of 9th century) th ...

Geography

Csongrád county shared borders with the Hungarian counties

Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun is the name of an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Hungary, comprising the territory of the present Hungarian county Pest and the northern part of present Bács ...

, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok,

Békés Békés (; ro, Bichiş; sk, Békéš) is a town in Békés County, Hungary. It lies about north of Békéscsaba and east of Budapest. History The area of the present town has been inhabited since ancient times, due to its good soil and pr ...

, Csanád, Torontál and Bács-Bodrog. The river

Tisza The Tisza, Tysa or Tisa, is one of the major rivers of Central and Eastern Europe. Once, it was called "the most Hungarian river" because it flowed entirely within the Kingdom of Hungary. Today, it crosses several national borders. The Tisza be ...

flowed through the county. Its area was 3,544 km² around 1910.

History

Csongrád county arose in the 11th century as one of the first counties of the Kingdom of Hungary. It was taken by the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...

in the 16th century, and reconquered by the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary at the end of the 17th century. In 1920, the

Treaty of Trianon The Treaty of Trianon (french: Traité de Trianon, hu, Trianoni békeszerződés, it, Trattato del Trianon) was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference and was signed in the Grand Trianon château in Versailles on 4 June 1920. It forma ...

assigned a small part of the territory of the county - a small area around Horgos (now Horgoš,

Vojvodina Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...

) in northern

Délvidék ''Délvidék'' (, "southern land" or "southern territories") is a historical political term referring to varying areas in the southern part of what was the Kingdom of Hungary. In present-day usage, it often refers to the Vojvodina region of Serbia ...

- to the

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...

(renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929). The rest remained in Hungary. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, Hungary annexed the territory lost, but after the end of the war the previous borders were restored. In 1950, the southern part of Csanád County (which contained then the Hungarian part of the pre-1920 Torontál County and the south-western part of the pre-1920 Csanád County) was added to Csongrád county, which was however renamed to Csongrád-Csanád County on 4 June 2020.

Demographics

Subdivisions

In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Csongrád county were: Csongrád county administrative map

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Csongrad County (Former) States and territories established in 1715 States and territories established in 1790 States and territories disestablished in 1552 1786 disestablishments States and territories disestablished in 1920 States and territories disestablished in 1946 Counties in the Kingdom of Hungary Vojvodina under Habsburg rule