County Clare

County Clare (Irish: Contae an Chláir) is a county in Ireland, in the
Mid-West Region and the province of Munster, bordered on the West by
the Atlantic Ocean. There is debate if it should be historically
considered a part of Connacht.
Clare County Council

Clare County Council is the local
authority. The county had a population of 117,196 at the 2011
census.[1] The county town and largest settlement is Ennis.
Contents
1 Geography and political subdivisions
1.1 Baronies, parishes and townlands
1.2 Towns and villages
1.3 Physical geography
1.4 Climate
2 History
2.1 English colonization
3 Local government and
Dáil Éireann

Dáil Éireann representation
4 Demography
5 Religion
6 Culture
6.1 Places of interest
6.2 Gaeltacht
6.3 Music
6.4 Sport
7 Transport
8 In popular culture
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
12 External links
Geography and political subdivisions[edit]
Clare is north-west of the
River Shannon

River Shannon covering a total area of
3,400 square kilometres (1,300 sq mi). Clare is the 7th
largest of Ireland's 32 traditional counties in area and the 19th
largest in terms of population. It is bordered by two counties in
Munster

Munster and one county in Connacht:
County Limerick

County Limerick to the south,
County Tipperary

County Tipperary to the east and
County Galway

County Galway to the north. Clare's
nickname is the Banner County.[2]
Baronies, parishes and townlands[edit]
Baronies of Clare
The county is divided into the baronies of
Bunratty

Bunratty Lower, Bunratty
Upper, Burren, Clonderalaw, Corcomroe, Ibrickan, Inchiquin, Islands,
Moyarta,
Tulla Lower

Tulla Lower and
Tulla

Tulla Upper. These in turn are divided into
civil parishes, which are divided into townlands. These divisions are
cadastral, defining land boundaries and ownership, rather than
administrative.
Towns and villages[edit]
Ardnacrusha
Ballynacally
Ballyvaughan
Barefield
Boston
Bridgetown
Broadford
Bunratty
Carrigaholt
Carron
Clarecastle
Clonlara
Connolly
Coolmeen
Cooraclare
Corofin
Cranny
Cratloe
Cree (Creegh)
Cross
Crusheen
Doolin
Doonaha
Doonbeg
Ennis
Ennistymon
Fanore
Feakle
Inagh
Inch
Kilbaha
Kilfenora
Kilkee
Kilkishen
Kildysart
Killaloe
Killimer
Kilmaley
Kilmihil
Kilmurry McMahon
Kilnaboy
Kilnamona
Kilrush
Labasheeda
Lahinch
Liscannor
Lisdoonvarna
Lissycasey
Meelick
Milltown Malbay
Mountshannon
Mullagh
Newmarket-on-Fergus
O'Briensbridge
O'Callaghans Mills
Ogonnelloe
Parteen
Quilty
Quin
Ruan
Scariff
Shannon
Sixmilebridge
Toonagh
Tuamgraney
Tubber
Tulla
Whitegate
Physical geography[edit]
The Cliffs of Moher
Bodies of water define much of the physical boundaries of Clare. To
the south-east is the River Shannon, Ireland's longest river, and to
the south is the Shannon Estuary. The border to the north-east is
defined by Lough Derg which is the third largest lake on Ireland. To
the west is the Atlantic Ocean, and to the north is
Galway

Galway Bay.
County Clare

County Clare contains The Burren, a unique karst region, which
contains rare flowers and fauna. At the western edge of The Burren,
facing the Atlantic Ocean, are the Cliffs of Moher. The highest point
in
County Clare

County Clare is Moylussa, 532 metres (1,745 ft), in the Slieve
Bernagh[3] range in the east of the county.
The following islands lie off the coast of the county:
Aughinish
Inishmore

Inishmore (or Deer) Island
Inishloe
Mutton Island
Scattery Island
Climate[edit]
Climate data for County Clare
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average high °C (°F)
8.1
(46.6)
8.5
(47.3)
10.4
(50.7)
12.7
(54.9)
15.3
(59.5)
17.8
(64)
19.3
(66.7)
19.1
(66.4)
17.1
(62.8)
14.1
(57.4)
10.4
(50.7)
8.9
(48)
13.5
(56.3)
Average low °C (°F)
2.6
(36.7)
2.7
(36.9)
3.6
(38.5)
4.8
(40.6)
7.3
(45.1)
10
(50)
12
(54)
11.7
(53.1)
10.1
(50.2)
7.9
(46.2)
4.5
(40.1)
3.6
(38.5)
6.7
(44.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
99
(3.9)
74
(2.9)
69
(2.7)
58
(2.3)
61
(2.4)
66
(2.6)
74
(2.9)
89
(3.5)
84
(3.3)
97
(3.8)
97
(3.8)
107
(4.2)
986
(38.8)
Source: Clare Tour[4]
History[edit]
Poulnabrone dolmen

Poulnabrone dolmen in The Burren.
County Clare

County Clare hosts the oldest known evidence of human activity in
Ireland. The patella of a bear, which was subject to butchering close
to the time of death, was found in the Alice and Gwendoline Cave, near
Edenvale House, Clarecastle. The bone features a number of linear-cut
marks, and has been dated to circa 10,500 BC, from the Paleolithic
era. This discovery, publicized in 2017, pushed back Ireland's
occupation by 2,500 years - what was previously regarded as the oldest
site of occupation was the
Mesolithic

Mesolithic site of Mount Sandel, Co. Derry.
This bear bone was discovered in 1903 during an archaeological
excavation, however was not studied until over a century later.[5]
There was a
Neolithic

Neolithic civilization in the Clare area — the name of
the peoples is unknown, but the Prehistoric peoples left evidence
behind in the form of ancient dolmen: single-chamber megalithic tombs,
usually consisting of three or more upright stones. Clare is one of
the richest places in Ireland for these tombs. The most noted one is
in
The Burren

The Burren area; it is known as Poulnabrone dolmen, which
translates to "hole of sorrows".[6] The remains of the people inside
the tomb have been excavated and dated to 3800 BC.[6]
Ptolemy

Ptolemy created a map of Ireland in his
Geographia

Geographia with information
dating from 100 AD; it is the oldest written account of the island
that includes geographical features.[7] Within his map,
Ptolemy

Ptolemy names
the Gaelic tribes inhabiting it and the areas in which they resided;
in the area of Clare, he identified a tribe known as the Gangani.[8]
Historians have found the tribes on the west of Ireland the most
difficult to identify with known peoples; however, historians William
Camden and Charles O'Conor speculated a possible connection between
the Gangani and the Concani,[9][10][11] one of the eleven tribes in
the confederacy of the
Cantabri

Cantabri in the northern part of the Iberian
Peninsula.[12]
The Tau
Cross

Cross at Roughan Hill near Corofin, County Clare, Ireland
During the Early Middle Ages, the area was part of the Kingdom of
Connacht

Connacht ruled by the Uí Fiachrach Aidhne. In the mid-10th century,
it was annexed to the Kingdom of
Munster

Munster to be settled by the
Dalcassians. It was renamed Thomond, meaning North Munster. Brian Boru
became a leader from here during this period, perhaps the most noted
High King of Ireland.
From 1118 onwards the
Kingdom of Thomond

Kingdom of Thomond was in place as its own petty
kingdom, ruled by the O'Brien Clan. After the Norman invasion of
Ireland, Thomas de Clare established a short-lived Norman lordship of
Thomond, extinguished at the
Battle of Dysert O'Dea in 1318 during
Edward Bruce's invasion.
There are two main hypotheses for the origins of the county name
"Clare". One is that the name is derived from Thomas de Clare[13] who
was deeply embroiled in local politics and fighting in the 1270s and
1280s. An alternative hypothesis is that the county name Clare comes
from the settlement of Clare (now Clarecastle), whose Irish name Clár
(plank bridge) refers to a crossing over the River Fergus.[14][15][16]
English colonization[edit]
In 1543, during the Tudor conquest of Ireland, Murrough O'Brien, by
surrender and regrant to Henry VIII, became
Earl of Thomond

Earl of Thomond within
Henry's Kingdom of Ireland.
Henry Sidney

Henry Sidney as Lord Deputy of Ireland
responded to the
Desmond Rebellion
_p_2.168_Ireland_about_1570.jpg/440px-BAGWELL(1885)_p_2.168_Ireland_about_1570.jpg)
Desmond Rebellion by creating the presidency of
Connaught in 1569 and presidency of
Munster

Munster in 1570. He transferred
Thomond

Thomond from
Munster

Munster to Connaught, which he shired,
Thomond

Thomond becoming
County Clare.
About 1600, Clare was removed from the presidency of Connaught and
made a presidency in its own right under the Earl of Thomond. When
Henry O'Brien, 5th
Earl of Thomond

Earl of Thomond died in 1639, Lord Deputy Thomas
Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford decreed Clare should return to the
presidency of Munster, but the
Wars of the Three Kingdoms
_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/560px-Sir_Anthony_Van_Dyck_-_Charles_I_(1600-49)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg)
Wars of the Three Kingdoms delayed this
until the Restoration of 1660.[17]
Clare's county nickname is the Banner County, for which various
origins have been suggested: the banners captured by Clare's Dragoons
at the Battle of Ramillies; or the banner of "Catholic emancipation"
raised by Daniel O'Connell's victory in an 1828 by-election for County
Clare that led to Parliament passing the Roman Catholic Relief Act
1829.[18]
Scattery Island, in the
Mouth of the Shannon off the Clare coast, was
transferred to
Limerick Corporation

Limerick Corporation and the county of the city of
Limerick

Limerick after the dissolution of the monasteries in the mid-16th
century. It was assigned to
County Clare

County Clare after the Municipal
Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840. Under the Local Government (Ireland)
Act 1898, part of the judicial county of
Galway

Galway (Drummaan, Inishcaltra
North and
Mountshannon

Mountshannon electoral divisions) was transferred to county
Clare. This area contains the village of
Mountshannon

Mountshannon on the
north-western shore of Lough Derg.
Local government and
Dáil Éireann

Dáil Éireann representation[edit]
See also:
Clare (Dáil Éireann constituency)
.png/400px-Clare_(Dáil_Éireann_constituency).png)
Clare (Dáil Éireann constituency) and Clare County Council
The county seat is at Ennis, which also serves as a major regional hub
for County Clare. Among its emergency services, it contains the Ennis
Regional Hospital, the HQ of the Clare Divisional Garda, the Clare
Fire Brigade and Civil Defence.
Since independence in 1921, Clare is represented by its own
parliamentary constituency in Dáil Éireann, the powerful lower house
of the Irish parliament, known as Oireachtas. Clare is currently
served by four Teachta Dála, representatives referred to as TDs.
Briefly a small area of Clare was in the Clare–
Galway

Galway South
constituency during the 1970s before its abolition.
The second tier of local governance is represented by the town
councils—Clare has four in the form of Ennis, Kilrush,
Kilkee

Kilkee and
Shannon.
The constituency has historically been a
Fianna Fáil

Fianna Fáil stronghold.
However
Fianna Fáil

Fianna Fáil lost its overall majority on the council in
2004.[19] As of the 2009 local elections,
Fine Gael

Fine Gael is the largest
party, controlling 12 seats.[20] It won 40% of the vote in the Clare
constituency in the 2011 Irish general election.
Prominent historic TDs for Clare include Éamon de Valera, who became
Taoiseach
_(cropped).jpg/440px-Tallinn_Digital_Summit._Handshake_Leo_Varadkar_and_Jüri_Ratas_(36679163084)_(cropped).jpg)
Taoiseach and President, former president Patrick Hillery, and former
Cabinet Minister Brendan Daly.
Demography[edit]
Historical population
Year
Pop.
±%
1600
8,776
—
1610
12,554
+43.0%
1659
16,914
+34.7%
1821
208,089
+1130.3%
1831
258,322
+24.1%
1841
286,394
+10.9%
1851
212,440
−25.8%
1861
166,305
−21.7%
1871
147,864
−11.1%
1881
141,457
−4.3%
1891
124,483
−12.0%
1901
112,334
−9.8%
1911
104,232
−7.2%
1926
95,064
−8.8%
1936
89,879
−5.5%
1946
85,064
−5.4%
1951
81,329
−4.4%
1956
77,176
−5.1%
1961
73,702
−4.5%
1966
73,597
−0.1%
1971
75,008
+1.9%
1979
84,919
+13.2%
1981
87,567
+3.1%
1986
91,344
+4.3%
1991
90,918
−0.5%
1996
94,006
+3.4%
2002
103,277
+9.9%
2006
110,950
+7.4%
2011
117,196
+5.6%
2016
118,627
+1.2%
[21]
The population of Clare accounted for 117,196 people at the most
recent census in 2011. The main urban areas are
Ennis

Ennis with a
population of 25,360 and Shannon with 9,673. The demographic profile
for Clare in general is fairly young: 22% are under age 14, while 12%
are over 65, compared to the national average of 20% and 11%,
respectively.[22] There is a slightly higher percentage of males with
50.5%, while females number 49.5%.[23]
English is the main language spoken in Clare. The vast majority of the
population are Irish people, accounting for 86%. Most immigrants are
Europeans, totalling an additional 7,520; there is also a small
African minority of 1,124 people, while other ethnic groups are very
small in number.[24]
In addition, Clare had a large diaspora due to vast emigration during
the 19th century. There are millions of people around the world who
can trace their family background to Clare; such descendants are found
mostly in North America, Great Britain, Australia, South Africa,
Argentina and New Zealand.[25] Many people from the Irish diaspora
visit the Clare area to trace their family roots and background.[25]
Most of the names in Clare are derived from sept members of the
Dalcassian

Dalcassian race of Gaels. Some of the most common examples are
O'Brien, O'Dea, McMahon, McInerney, McNamara, McGarry, Moloney,
O'Grady, Hogan, Considine, Griffey/Griffin and Lynch.[25][26] Names of
assimilated Norman origin include Burke, Dalton, and Comyn.[27]
Religion[edit]
Corcomroe Abbey
The great majority of the population follow Christianity; at least 92%
of the people in the area polled as part of the Ireland Census 2006
identified as Christians.[28] There are numerous abbeys and priories
in Clare. Some of the ruins of such structures, such as Scattery
Island, Bishop's Island, and Drumcliff monasteries, are ancient,
dating to the 6th century when
Christianity

Christianity was first introduced to
Ireland. The former was founded by Saint Senan, who was born locally
near
Kilrush

Kilrush in 488 and is counted amongst the Twelve Apostles of
Ireland.[29]
Numerous other saints came from Clare, such as Flannan, Mochulleus,
Moula, Caimin, Maccreiche,
Munchin and more.[30] In the present day,
the
Catholic Church

Catholic Church still commands a large majority, with 88% of the
populace declaring themselves as followers of the religion. This
percentage is slightly higher than the national average.[28]
Killaloe Diocese
Most of Clare falls under the Catholic Diocese of Killaloe, which is
part of the ecclesiastical province of Cashel and Emly.[31] The Bishop
of Killaloe is seated at the St Peter and Paul Cathedral in Ennis. A
small portion of the north-western part of Clare falls under the
Diocese of Galway, Kilmacduagh and Kilfenora.[32]
As part of the local council's architectural conservation project,
around eighty Christian churches have been designated as protected
structures. Among the more notable structures are the ruins of
Corcomroe Abbey, Quin Abbey, and Dysert O Dea Monastery.[33]
The largest religious minority is the Church of Ireland, which is part
of the Anglican Communion. It has just under 2000 adherents[28] in
Clare. The county is part of the Diocese of
Limerick

Limerick and Killaloe, one
of the three cathedrals of the diocese being St Flannan's Cathedral in
Killaloe.[34] Other religious communities in Clare are very small in
comparison. A minority declare no religion.[28]
Culture[edit]
Places of interest[edit]
County Clare

County Clare is known for beautiful natural scenery.[citation needed]
Bell end point
Cliffs of Moher
Doolin
Inis Cealtra

Inis Cealtra (Holy Island) in Lough Derg
Kilbaha
Kilkee
Loop Head
Scattery Island
Spanish Point
The Burren
Bunratty

Bunratty Castle
Gaeltacht[edit]
West Clare and some pockets in East Clare were recognised as part of
the Gaeltacht, or Irish-speaking area, by the Irish Free State
government in the original
Coimisiún na Gaeltachta in 1926. The most
prominent of these areas with native
Irish language

Irish language speakers were west
of
Ennis

Ennis in Kilmihil, Kilrush, Doonbeg, Doolin, Ennistimon,
Carrigaholt,
Lisdoonvarna

Lisdoonvarna and Ballyvaughan. However, by the time of
the second
Coimisiún na Gaeltachta in 1956, the decline in the number
of Gaelic speakers had been such that West Clare was removed from the
list. It remained covered by the
Gaeltacht

Gaeltacht (Housing) Acts until 2001.
Close geographic proximity to the
Aran Islands

Aran Islands (which were once part
of Thomond) and local trade with fishermen from there meant that the
language was used by residents of Fanore, Murroogh,
Doolin

Doolin and Quilty
more than in other places. The last native Clare Irish speaker, the
seanchaí Paddy Pharaic Mhichil Shannon of Fisherstreet, Doolin, died
in the early 1990s.
In the early 21st century, the pressure group Coiste Forbartha
Gaeltachta Chontae an Chláir has sought to restore the official
status of West Clare as a
Gaeltacht

Gaeltacht area.[35][36] They are encouraging
immersion classes to revive use of the language.
Music[edit]
County Clare

County Clare has a strong history of Traditional music. It is the home
of the
Kilfenora

Kilfenora Céilí Band, the
Tulla

Tulla Céilí Band, Stockton's
Wing, Sharon Shannon, Noel Hill, Peadar O'Loughlin, Martin Hayes and
legendary tin-whistler Micho Russell.
Ennis

Ennis in
County Clare

County Clare is also
the birthplace of Grammy-nominated songstress
Maura O'Connell

Maura O'Connell whose
grandmother started a fish market in the town. The county has many
traditional music festivals and one of the most well known is the
Willie Clancy Summer School, which is held every July in the town of
Milltown Malbay

Milltown Malbay in memory of the renowned uilleann piper, Willie
Clancy.
Andy Irvine has written two songs celebrating County Clare: one is
"West Coast of Clare" (recorded with
Planxty

Planxty in 1973), in which he
mentions Spanish Point and Milltown Malbay. The other is "My Heart's
Tonight In Ireland" (recorded on his solo album Rain on the Roof in
1996, and again on
Changing Trains

Changing Trains in 2005), in which he mentions
several towns and villages in County Clare: Milltown Malbay, Scariff,
Kilrush, Sixmilebridge, Kilkishen, Lahinch, Ennistymon,
Liscannor

Liscannor and
Kilkee, and also makes two references to the music of Willie Clancy:
In the town of
Scarriff

Scarriff the sun was shining in the sky
When Willie Clancy played his pipes and the tears welled in my eyes
Many years have passed and gone since the time we had there
But my heart's tonight in Ireland in the sweet County Clare.
...
Lahinch

Lahinch and Ennistymon,
Liscannor

Liscannor and Kilkee
But best of all was Milltown when the music flowed so free
Willie Clancy and the
County Clare

County Clare I'm ever in your debt
For the sights and sounds of yesterday are shining memories yet.
Milltown Malbay

Milltown Malbay is home to Oidhreacht an Chlair, an institute for
higher education in all aspects of Irish tradition, history and
literature.[37]
Sport[edit]
The Clare hurling team has one of the best records of success in the
country in recent years with many cups such as the Liam MacCarthy Cup
having been won in 1995, 1997 and 2013 and also finalists in 2002.
Clare won the
Munster

Munster Final in football in 1992 beating Kerry. There
is a strong Gaelic Athletic Association(GAA) presence in County Clare
with the founder of the GAA, Michael Cusack, having been born in
Carron which is situated in the heart of
The Burren

The Burren in North Clare.
Irish rugby internationals from Clare include Keith Wood, Anthony
Foley & Marcus Horan.
Transport[edit]
View from aircraft as it comes down to land at Shannon Airport
Bunratty

Bunratty Castle
Clare is served by two national primary roads—a classification
referring to the major routes between major urban centres in
Ireland.[38] This includes the N18 connecting
Limerick

Limerick to Galway,
which passes through
Ennis

Ennis and by route of the N19—Shannon.[38]
These two roads are part of the wider Western and Southern Corridor
connecting many of the major settlements right across the island in
these areas. There are also some significant national secondary
roads—across the coast, stretching from Ballyvaughan, through
Ennistymon

Ennistymon and Kilkee, before arriving at
Kilrush

Kilrush is the N67.[38] In
addition to this the N68 connects
Kilrush

Kilrush to Ennis, while
Ennis

Ennis is
connected to
Ennistymon

Ennistymon via the N85.[38]
Mainland public transport is mostly limited to buses ran by Irish
Government owned company Bus Éireann; there are around 25 buses
running frequent routes which pass through the majority of large
settlements in Clare.[39] Clare Bus, runs a limited number of
"accessible buslines".[40] The
Ennis

Ennis railway station operated by
government owned
Iarnród Éireann

Iarnród Éireann is the most significant railway
station in Clare today; it was opened on 2 July 1859.[41] By route of
Limerick

Limerick the trains run from
Ennis

Ennis to Dublin and it generally takes 3
hours to complete the journey.[42][43] There was previously a far more
extensive local railway network in Clare, laid while part of the
United Kingdom, the
West Clare Railway

West Clare Railway was in existence from its
opening in 1887 by
Charles Stewart Parnell

Charles Stewart Parnell until 1961 covering much of
the county.[44] It was quite inefficient however, leading Percy French
to write the song Are Ye Right There Michael? about his experience.
Much of it was dug up and dismantled by the Irish government from the
1950s—1970s after being deemed uneconomic, however there remains
local advocacy groups who wish to conserve and restore parts of
it.[45]
The third busiest airport in Ireland is located in Clare with the
Shannon Airport, which officially opened in 1945.[46] Along with
Dublin Airport

Dublin Airport and
Cork Airport

Cork Airport it is one of the three primary
airports in the country, handling 3.62 million passengers in 2007.
Shannon was the first airport in Ireland to receive transatlantic
flights.[46]
Ryanair

Ryanair is the main airline handling flights with Great
Britain and Continental European countries such as Spain, France, and
Germany as the primary destinations.[47] Much traffic from the United
States is received, which
Aer Lingus

Aer Lingus mostly handles; it is sometimes
used as a military stopover which has caused some controversy in the
country,[48] but nonetheless has generated significant revenue for the
airport.[49] There are some local ferry services as much of the county
is surrounded by water; there is one from
Killimer

Killimer to Tarbert Island
in Kerry[50] and also from
Doolin

Doolin to the
Aran Islands

Aran Islands of
Inisheer
.jpg/520px-Inisheer_5091_(2).jpg)
Inisheer and
Inishmore.[51]
In popular culture[edit]
Ralph McTell

Ralph McTell wrote the song "From Clare to Here", based on a
conversation with a native of the county. It was released on his 1976
album Right Side Up.
See also[edit]
High Sheriff of Clare
List of rivers in County Clare
Lord Lieutenant of Clare
Wild Atlantic Way
Notes[edit]
^ "Census 2011 -
County Clare

County Clare Overview".
^ "Clare, The Banner County - World Cultures European".
Irishcultureandcustoms.com. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
^ NB: not related to the
Slieve Bearnagh

Slieve Bearnagh mountain in County Down.
^ "Climate". Clare-Tour.com. 25 December 2008.
^
https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/news/bear-bone-discovery-pushes-back-date-of-human-existence-in-ireland-by-2500-years-34556770.html
^ a b "
Neolithic

Neolithic Sites in Ireland". MyGuideIreland.com.
Retrieved on 2 October 2008.
^ "Ptolemy's map of Ireland: a modern decoding".
InformAWorld.com. Retrieved on 2 October 2008.
^ "The Arrival of the Celts". WesleyJohnston.com. Retrieved on 2
October 2008.
^ O'Laughlin, The Families of County Clare, Ireland, 7.
^ "Before there were Counties". RootsWeb.com. Retrieved on 2
October 2008.
^ Four Masters, "The Annals of Ireland by the Four Masters" as
translated by Owen Connellan., 393.
^ Anthon, A Classical Dictionary, 368.
^ "Lorna Moloney. From Gaelic lordship to English shire - SoundCloud."
14 Sep. 2016,
https://soundcloud.com/history-hub/lorna-moloney-gaelic-lordship-to-english-shire-macnamaras-of-clare.
Accessed 11 Feb. 2017.
^ Briggs, Keith (2009). "Clare, Clere, and Clères" (PDF). Journal of
the English Place-name Society (41): 14.
^ "Origin of the name "Clare"". Irishcultureandcustoms.com. Retrieved
19 April 2012.
^ "Thom's Directory, 1931". From-ireland.net. Retrieved 19 April
2012.
^ Falkiner, Caesar Litton. "The Counties of Ireland: An Historical
Sketch of Their Origin, Constitution, and Gradual Delimitation
(1902-1904)". Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section C. 24:
184–5. JSTOR 25502712.
^ Spellissy, Sean (1 January 2003). A History of County Clare. Gill
& Macmillan. p. 39. ISBN 9780717134601.
^ Mark Hennessy and Michael O'Regan (15 June 2004). "'A very bad
performance' -Ahern". The Irish Times. Retrieved 20 February
2008.
^ "2009 Local Elections - Electoral Area Details". Elections Ireland.
Retrieved 19 April 2012.
^ for post 1821 figures, 1653 and 1659 figures from Civil Survey
Census of those years, Paper of Mr Hardinge to Royal Irish Academy 14
March 1865, For a discussion on the accuracy of pre-famine census
returns, see JJ Lee "On the accuracy of the pre-famine Irish
censuses", in Irish Population, Economy and Society, edited by JM
Goldstrom and LA Clarkson (1981) p54, in and also "New Developments in
Irish Population History, 1700-1850" by Joel Mokyr and Cormac Ó
Gráda, in The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 4
(Nov. 1984), pp. 473-488.
^ "Persons, males and females in each Province, County and City
classified by age group, 2006". Central Statistics Office Ireland.
Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ "Population of each Province, County and City, 2006". Central
Statistics Office Ireland. Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ "Persons, males and females usually resident in each Province and
County, and present in the State on Census Night, classified by ethnic
or cultural background, 2006". Central Statistics Office Ireland.
Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ a b c "Clare Diaspora". Clare Heritage & Genealogical Research
Centre. Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ "Dál gCais or The Dalcassians of Thomond". DalcassianSeptembercom.
Archived from the original on 8 September 2010. Retrieved 12 November
2008.
^ "Norman and Cambro-Norman Surnames of Ireland". Family-Crests.com.
Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ a b c d "Census 2006 - Volume 13 - Religion". Central Statistics
Office Ireland. Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ Gratton-Flood, W.H. (1 March 1907). "The Twelve Apostles of Erin".
The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. I.
Retrieved 9 February 2008.
^ "
County Clare

County Clare Folk-Tales and Myths: Early Christian Period".
ClareLibrary.ie. Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ "History of the Killaloe Diocese". KillaloeDiocese.ie. Archived from
the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ "Diocese of Galway, Kilmacduagh and Kilfenora". GalwayDiocese.ie.
Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ "Record of Protected Structures in Co. Clare - Churches". County
Clare Council. Archived from the original on 19 November 2007.
Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ "St Flannan's Cathedral, Killaloe". Cathedral.Killaloe.Anglican.org.
Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ "Public Meeting on Clare
Gaeltacht

Gaeltacht revival". Gaelport. 26 January
2015.
^ "The Clare Gaeltacht: 'Where we have come from and where we are
going'". Gaelport. 26 January 2015.
^ "Oidhreacht an Chláir Teo". Oac.ie. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
^ a b c d "National Route: Lengths as of 2007" (PDF). National Roads
Authority. Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ "Bus services for
County Clare

County Clare Council". CarlBerry.co.uk. Retrieved
25 December 2008.
^ http://www.clarebus.ie
^ "
Ennis

Ennis station" (PDF). Railscot - Irish Railways. Retrieved 25
December 2008.
^ "Details of train travel between Dublin and Ennis". CarlBerry.co.uk.
Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ "Your Journey - Timetables". Irish Rail. Retrieved 25 December
2008.
^ "A Short History Of The West Clare Railway". WestClareRailway.ie.
Archived from the original on 4 January 2008. Retrieved 25 December
2008.
^ "The
West Clare Railway

West Clare Railway Co". WestClareRailway.ie. Archived from the
original on 4 January 2008. Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ a b "
Shannon Airport

Shannon Airport Facts & Figures". CARHIRE.ie. Retrieved 6
November 2013.
^ "Flights from Shannon Airport". FlightMapping.com. Retrieved 25
December 2008.
^ "Peaceful protest at Shannon airport draws 1,700 people".
AllBusiness.com. Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ "Almost 200,000 troops use Shannon". Irish Times. 11 November 2008.
Retrieved 25 December 2008.
^ "
Killimer

Killimer Tarbert Car Ferry". DiscoverIreland.com. Retrieved 25
December 2008.
^ "
Doolin

Doolin
Ferry

Ferry Timetable". DoolinFerry.com. Archived from the
original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 25 December 2008.
References[edit]
Anthon, Charles (1855). A Classical Dictionary. Harvard
University.
O'Laughlin, Michael C. (2000). The Families of County Clare, Ireland.
Irish Roots Cafe. ISBN 0-940134-98-5.
The Four Masters (2003). "The Annals of Ireland by the Four Masters"
as translated by Owen Connellan. Irish Roots Cafe.
ISBN 0-940134-14-4.
External links[edit]
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List of townlands in County Clare
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Coordinates: 52°50′N 9°00′W / 52.833°N 9.000°W /
52