The counts of Chiny were part of the nobility of
Lotharingia
Lotharingia ( la, regnum Lotharii regnum Lothariense Lotharingia; french: Lotharingie; german: Reich des Lothar Lotharingien Mittelreich; nl, Lotharingen) was a short-lived medieval successor kingdom of the Carolingian Empire. As a more durable ...
that ruled from the 9th to the 14th century in what is now part of
Belgium
Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to ...
.
It has been proposed that the County of
Chiny was created in the early 10th century out of the ancient county of
Ivois. The county now forms part of the province of Luxembourg in present-day Belgium. The county of Chiny included the present-day cantons of Virton, Etalle, Florenville, Neufchâteau, Montmédy and Carignan, as well as the castles of Warcq on the Meuse, which was built in 971 by Otto, ancestor of the later Counts of Chiny.
It has also been proposed that there is a close relationship between the counts of Chiny and the early
counts of Looz, the
counts of Verdun and the
bishops of Verdun
The Diocese of Verdun ( la, Dioecesis Virodunensis; french: Diocèse de Verdun) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropol ...
.
[Jeantin, J. François Louis. (185859)]
Histoire du comté de Chiny et des pays haut-wallons
Paris: J. Tardieu.
The family of the counts of Chiny merged with the family of the counts of Looz. The final count of Chiny, Arnold IV de Rumingy, sold the county to the duke of Luxembourg, ending a dynasty of five hundred years.
Ivois
Ivois was a military settlement of the Romans under the name Epoissium, Eposium, Epusum or Ivosium. Gaugericus, Bishop of Cambrai, was born in Eposium around 550. The division of the Lotharingian territories was agreed to on 8 Aug 870 between
Louis the German
Louis the German (c. 806/810 – 28 August 876), also known as Louis II of Germany and Louis II of East Francia, was the first king of East Francia, and ruled from 843 to 876 AD. Grandson of emperor Charlemagne and the third son of Louis the P ...
and his half-brother
Charles the Bald
Charles the Bald (french: Charles le Chauve; 13 June 823 – 6 October 877), also known as Charles II, was a 9th-century king of West Francia (843–877), king of Italy (875–877) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875–877). After a se ...
. This agreement allocated ''Wavrense comitatus II''
wo counties in Wavrenseto Charles. Although the name does not appear in the document, it is assumed that one of these was Ivois. Ivois is first referred to by name in a charter dated 21 Nov 955 which records an agreement between ''Eremboldus miles''
night
Night (also described as night time, unconventionally spelled as "nite") is the period of ambient darkness from sunset to sunrise during each 24-hour day, when the Sun is below the horizon. The exact time when night begins and ends depends ...
and
Robert, the Archbishop of Trier, relating to property including ''Aduna in comitatu Ivotio''
he county of Ivois''inter Boura et Lannilley''.
Ivois, with its strategic location between the French and German kingdoms, was an ideal neutral location for meetings between the Frankish kings and the Holy Roman Emperors. Such a meeting took place between King
Robert II of France
Robert II (c. 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious (french: link=no, le Pieux) or the Wise (french: link=no, le Sage), was King of the Franks from 996 to 1031, the second from the Capetian dynasty.
Crowned Junior King in 987, he assisted his ...
and
Emperor Henry II
Henry II (german: Heinrich II; it, Enrico II; 6 May 973 – 13 July 1024), also known as Saint Henry the Exuberant, Obl. S. B., was Holy Roman Emperor ("Romanorum Imperator") from 1014. He died without an heir in 1024, and was the last ruler ...
on 11 August 1023, where they swore mutual friendship and resolved to reform the clergy, calling for an assembly at Pavia of both German and Italian bishops.
Later in the eleventh century, upon after the death of his mother,
Gisela of Swabia
Gisela of Swabia ( 990 – 15 February 1043), was queen of Germany from 1024 to 1039 and empress of the Holy Roman Empire from 1027 to 1039 by her third marriage with Emperor Conrad II. She was the mother of Emperor Henry III. She was regent of ...
, in 1043,
Emperor Henry III held a meeting in Ivois with King
Henry I of France. It has been speculated that it may have been in connection with the emperor’s upcoming wedding with
Agnes of Poitou
Agnes of Poitou ( – 14 December 1077), was the queen of Germany from 1043 and empress of the Holy Roman Empire from 1046 until 1056 as the wife of Emperor Henry III. From 1056 to 1061, she ruled the Holy Roman Empire as regent during the ...
. They met again in May 1056, and the matter of Lorraine was so contentious that the king challenged the emperor to single combat. The emperor left without a response in the dead of night, returning to Germany where the disaffected members of his domain were returning to obedience.
Counts of Ivois
The known counts of Ivois are the following:
*
Bérenger I (died 882 or before), son of
Gebhard, Count of Niederlahngau.
*
Hildebert
Hildebert (c. 105518 December 1133) was a French ecclesiastic, hagiographer and theologian. From 1096–97 he was bishop of Le Mans, then from 1125 until his death archbishop of Tours. Sometimes called Hildebert of Lavardin, his name may also be s ...
(fl. 882), son of Bérenger I.
*
Rudolfe I (died before 948), son of
Ricfried, Count of Betuwe, and Herensinda.
*
Rudolfe II (died 963), son of Rudolfe I. Also
Count of Verdun (as Raoul).
*
Étienne
Étienne, a French analog of Stephen or Steven, is a masculine given name. An archaic variant of the name, prevalent up to the mid-17th century, is Estienne.
Étienne, Etienne, Ettiene or Ettienne may refer to:
People
Scientists and inventors ...
(died before 946 or 948). Also
Count of Porcien.
Ricfried is also the great-grandfather of
Giselbert, the first count of Looz. Presumably, the agreement above with Robert of Trier is with Étienne .
Counts of Chiny
The Counts of Chiny begin with the first dynasty started by Otto:
*
Otto I
Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (german: Otto der Große, it, Ottone il Grande), was East Frankish king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. He was the oldest son of He ...
(956–987), son of
Adalbert I, Count of Vermandois, and
Gerberge of Lorraine.
*
Louis I (987–1025), son of Otto. Married to Adélaïde de Saint Varme. Also, Count of Verdun. Murdered by
Gothelo, brother of
Herman, Count of Verdun.
*
Louis II (1025 – before 1066), son of Louis I. Married to Sophie, daughter of
Frederick, Count of Verdun
Frederick (Frédéric) (c. 970/976 – January 1022), Count of Verdun (988–1022), Count of Castres (1000–1022), and Provost of Saint-Vaast. Frederick was part of the Ardennes-Verdun dynasty, and the eldest son of Godfrey I the Prisoner, Coun ...
.
*
Arnold I (before 1066 – 1106), son of Louis II. Married to Adélaïs, daughter of Hilduin IV,
Count of Montdidier, and Alix of Roucy.
*
Otto II
Otto II (955 – 7 December 983), called the Red (''der Rote''), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy ...
(1106–1131), son of Arnold I. Married to Adelaide, daughter of
Albert III, Count of Namur
Albert III ( 1027 – 22 June 1102) was the Count of Namur from 1063 until his death. He was the son of Count Albert II and Regelinde of Verdun.
Although he was not formally a duke, Albert is considered to have played the role of an acting Duke o ...
, and Ida of Saxony.
*
Albert I Albert I may refer to:
People Born before 1300
*Albert I, Count of Vermandois (917–987)
*Albert I, Count of Namur ()
* Albert I of Moha
*Albert I of Brandenburg (), first margrave of Brandenburg
*Albert I, Margrave of Meissen (1158–1195)
*Alber ...
(1131–1162), son of Otto II. Married to Agnes, daughter of
Reginald I, Count of Bar, and Gisèle of Vaudémont.
*
Louis III Louis III may refer to:
* Louis the Younger, sometimes III of Germany (835–882)
* Louis III of France (865–882)
* Louis the Blind, Louis III, Holy Roman Emperor, (c. 880–928)
* Louis the Child, sometimes III of Germany (893–911)
* Louis II ...
(1162–1189), son of Albert I. Married to Sophie of Garlande. Died on the Third Crusade.
*
Louis IV the Young (1189–1226), son of Louis III. Married to Matilda, daughter of James, Lord of Conde, and Adele, Lady of Guise.
*
Joan Joan may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Joan (given name), including a list of women, men and fictional characters
*: Joan of Arc, a French military heroine
*Joan (surname)
Weather events
*Tropical Storm Joan (disambiguation), multip ...
(1226–1271), daughter of Louis IV. Married
Arnold IV, Count of Loon
Arnold IV of Loon (Looz) (died between November 1272 and October 1273; most likely on February 22, 1273), was Count of Loon from 1227 to 1273 and Count of Chiny (as Arnold II) from 1228 to 1268. He was the son of Gérard III, Count of Rieneck ...
, son of Gerard III, Count of Rieneck, and Kunigunde von Zimmern.
With the marriage of Joan and Arnold, the counties of Looz and Chiny became merged in a single office (with the exception of Louis V), beginning the second dynasty of counts.
*
Arnold II (1228–1273). Also, Count of Looz (as Arnold IV).
*
John
John is a common English name and surname:
* John (given name)
* John (surname)
John may also refer to:
New Testament
Works
* Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John
* First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John
* Secon ...
I (1273–1278) (also, Count of Looz), eldest son of Arnold II and Joan. Married first to Matilda, daughter of
William IV, Count of Jülich, and second to Isabelle, daughter of Jacques, Lord of Conde.
*
Louis V Louis V may refer to:
* Louis V of France (967–987)
* Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor and V of Germany (1282–1347)
* Louis V, Duke of Bavaria (1315–1361)
* Louis V, Elector Palatine (ruled 1508–1544)
* Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt L ...
(1278–1299), second son of Arnold II and Joan. Married Joan, a daughter of
Henry II, Count of Bar
Henry II of Bar in French ''Henri II de Bar'', in German ''Heinrich II von Bar'' (1190–13 November 1239) was a Count of Bar who reigned from 1214 to 1239. He was son of Count Theobald I of Bar and his first wife, Ermesinde of Bar-sur-Seine. Hen ...
, and
Philippa of Dreux.
*
Arnold III (1299–1328) (also, Count of Looz as Arnold V), son of John I. Married Margaret, daughter of Philip I,
Count of Vianden, and Marie of Louvain,
*
Louis VI (1328–1336) (also, Count of Looz as Louis IV), son of Arnold III. Married Margaret, daughter of
Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine, and Isabella of Rumigny.
*
Thierry de Heinsberg (1336–1361), grandson of Arnold III. Married Cunegonde de la Marck, daughter of Engelbert I, Count de la Marck, and Cunegonde Bliescastel.
*
Godfrey de Heinsberg (1361–1362), great-grandson of Arnold III. Married Philippa of Jülich, daughter of
William V William V may refer to:
* William V, Duke of Aquitaine (969–1030)
*William V of Montpellier (1075–1121)
* William V, Marquess of Montferrat (1191)
* William V, Count of Nevers (before 11751181)
*William V, Duke of Jülich (1299–1361)
* Willia ...
, Duke of Jülich and
Joanna of Hainaut
Joanna of Hainault (1315–1374) was a Duchess of Jülich by marriage to William V, Duke of Jülich. She was the third daughter of William I, Count of Hainaut, and Joan of Valois. She was a younger sister of Philippa of Hainault, Queen of Englan ...
.
*
Arnold IV de Rumigny (1362–1364) (also Count of Looz as Arnold VI), grandson of Arnold III. He married Elizabeth of Flanders, illegitimate daughter of
Louis I, Count of Nevers.
Arnold IV sold Chiny and Looz to
Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg, on 16 June 1364, thus ending the line of Counts of Chiny and Looz.
There are many interesting family relationships among the counts of Ivois and Chiny that include two counts of Verdun and a host of others, including:
* Adelbero III of Chiny,
Bishop of Verdun (1131–1156), son of Arnold I.
* Ida of Chiny, daughter of Otto II, married
Godfrey I the Bearded, Count of Louvain (whose ancestor murdered her great-grandfather), and was the mother of
Adeliza, Queen Consort of England, wife of
Henry Beauclearc.
* Albero II,
Bishop of Liège (1135–1145), son of Otto II.
* Arnulf of Chiny-Verdun,
Bishop of Verdun (1172-–181), son of Albert I.
* Albert II of Hierges,
Bishop of Verdun (1186–1208), grandson of Albert I.
* John I of Aspremont,
Bishop of Verdun (1217–1224), great-grandson of Albert I.
* Arnaul II,
Bishop of Châlons
A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution.
In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ...
(1272–1273), son of Arnold II and Jeanne.
An alternate history of the origins of the Counts of Chiny is provided by Jean Bertels (known as Bertelius), abbot of Saint Gregory of Munster, who wrote of Chiny in his ''Historia Luxemburgensis'', first published in Cologne in 1605. Here he claims that the territory now known as Chiny was owned by Ricuin, Duke of Mosellane
resumably,_Ricwin,_Count_of_Verdun.html" ;"title="Ricwin,_Count_of_Verdun.html" ;"title="resumably, Ricwin, Count of Verdun">resumably, Ricwin, Count of Verdun">Ricwin,_Count_of_Verdun.html" ;"title="resumably, Ricwin, Count of Verdun">resumably, Ricwin, Count of Verdun and it served as dowry for his younger daughter Mathilde in her marriage to Arnulf Grandson, a subject of Ricuin. Arnoul was granted the title Count of Chiny by Archbishop Bruno the Great after a high church was built. Thus Arnoul became the first Count of Chiny, father of Otto I. According to Laret-Kayser, this narrative is a complete fabrication, probably initiated in the thirteenth century by
Count Louis V to enhance is standing at the
Tournament of Chauvency by showing an ancestral line to the Counts of Verdun. Nevertheless, this version continues to be repeated.
See also
*
Liste des comtes de Chiny (list of counts in French)
References
*
Bury, J. B. (Editor), ''
The Cambridge Medieval History
''The Cambridge Medieval History'' is a history of medieval Europe in eight volumes published by Cambridge University Press and Macmillan between 1911 and 1936. Publication was delayed by the First World War and changes in the editorial team.
...
, Volume III. Germany and the Western Empire'', Cambridge University Press, 1922.
*
*{{citation, last=Laret-Kayser , first= Arlette , title=Entre Bar et Luxembourg : Le Comté de Chiny des Origines à 1300 , place=Brussels , publisher=éditions du Crédit Communal , series= Collection Histoire, série in-8°, n° 72) , year=1986
*
Settipani, Christian, ''La Préhistoire des Capétiens (Nouvelle histoire généalogique de l'auguste maison de France, vol. 1)'', Villeneuve d'Ascq, éd. Patrick van Kerrebrouck, 1993, 545 p.
*
Vanderkindere, Léon, ''La Formation territoriale des principautés belges au Moyen Âge'', Bruxelles, H. Lamertin, 1902
External links
Medieval Lands Project, Comtes d’Ivois et Chiny
*
fr:Comté de Chiny