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Cosigüina (also spelt Cosegüina) is a stratovolcano located in the western part of
Berkeley Earth Releases New Analysis
, 29 July 2012 It has not erupted since 1859, only an instant in terms of geological time. An earthquake swarm was measured near Cosigüina in 2002, indicating that tectonic forces are still active in the region although the volcano is somewhat isolated from the line of more recently active Central American volcanoes to the northwest and southeast. The only indicators of hydrothermal activity at the volcano are intermittently observed gas bubbles in Laguna Cosigüina and a hot spring along the eastern flank of the volcano. The fairly uniform vegetation cover on the volcano's sides also attests to a general lack of gas emissions or “hot spots” on the 872-meter-high cone.
Cosigüina (also spelt Cosegüina) is a stratovolcano located in the western part of Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the countr ...
. It forms a large peninsula extending into the Gulf of Fonseca
The Gulf of Fonseca ( es, Golfo de Fonseca; ), a part of the Pacific Ocean, is a gulf in Central America, bordering El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
History
Fonseca Bay was discovered for Europeans in 1522 by Gil González de Ávil ...
. The summit is truncated by a large caldera, 2 x 2.4 km in diameter and 500 m deep, holding a substantial crater lake
Crater Lake ( Klamath: ''Giiwas'') is a volcanic crater lake in south-central Oregon in the western United States. It is the main feature of Crater Lake National Park and is famous for its deep blue color and water clarity. The lake partly fill ...
(Laguna Cosigüina). This cone has grown within an earlier caldera, forming a somma volcano
A somma volcano (also known as a sommian) is a volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone. The name comes from Mount Somma, a stratovolcano in southern Italy with a summit caldera in which the upper cone of Mount Ves ...
. The earlier caldera rim is still exposed on the north side, but has been buried by the younger cone elsewhere.
Activity
The volcano last erupted in 1859, but its most famous activity occurred on January 20, 1835, during the presidency of José Núñez, when it produced the largest historical eruption in Nicaragua. Ash from the 1835 eruption has been found in Mexico, Costa Rica, and Jamaica. According to an analysis byBerkeley Earth Surface Temperature
Berkeley Earth is a Berkeley, California-based independent 501(c)(3) non-profit focused on land temperature data analysis for climate science. Berkeley Earth was founded in early 2010 (originally called the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature pro ...
, the 1835 eruption caused a temporary decrease in the average land temperature of Earth of about 0.75 degrees C., 29 July 2012 It has not erupted since 1859, only an instant in terms of geological time. An earthquake swarm was measured near Cosigüina in 2002, indicating that tectonic forces are still active in the region although the volcano is somewhat isolated from the line of more recently active Central American volcanoes to the northwest and southeast. The only indicators of hydrothermal activity at the volcano are intermittently observed gas bubbles in Laguna Cosigüina and a hot spring along the eastern flank of the volcano. The fairly uniform vegetation cover on the volcano's sides also attests to a general lack of gas emissions or “hot spots” on the 872-meter-high cone.
See also
*List of volcanoes in Nicaragua
This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Nicaragua.
Volcanoes
See also
* Central America Volcanic Arc
* List of volcanoes in Costa Rica
* List of volcanoes in El Salvador
* List of volcanoes in Guatemala
* List of volcanoes ...
References
Notes
* Williams, Howel (1952) ''The great eruption of Coseguina, Nicaragua, 1835, with notes on the Nicaraguan volcanic chain'' (''University of California Publications in geological sciences'' v. 29, no. 2)University of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing. It was founded in 1893 to publish scholarly and scientific works by facult ...
, Berkeley,
* McBirney, Alexander R. and Williams, Howel (1965) ''Volcanic History of Nicaragua'' (''University of California publications in geological sciences'' v. 55) University of California Press, Berkeley,
* Sanz, Dionisio Martínez (1963) ''Montañas que arden'' Editorial Hospicio, Managua, Nicaragua, , in Spanish
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cosiguina Mountains of Nicaragua Stratovolcanoes of Nicaragua Stratovolcanoes of El Salvador Calderas of Central America Volcanic crater lakes VEI-5 volcanoes 19th-century volcanic events Chinandega Department Holocene stratovolcanoes