In
computer architecture
In computer engineering, computer architecture is a description of the structure of a computer system made from component parts. It can sometimes be a high-level description that ignores details of the implementation. At a more detailed level, the ...
,
a control bus is part of the
system bus
A system bus is a single computer bus that connects the major components of a computer system,
combining the functions of a data bus to carry information, an address bus to determine where it should be sent or read from, and a control bus to det ...
and is used by
CPU
A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor, main processor or just processor, is the electronic circuitry that executes instructions comprising a computer program. The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, a ...
s for communicating with other devices within the computer. While the
address bus
In computer architecture, a bus (shortened form of the Latin '' omnibus'', and historically also called data highway or databus) is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers. This e ...
carries the information about the device with which the CPU is communicating and the
data bus
In computer architecture, a bus (shortened form of the Latin '' omnibus'', and historically also called data highway or databus) is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers. This ...
carries the actual data being processed, the control bus carries commands from the CPU and returns status signals from the devices. For example, if the data is being read or written to the device the appropriate line (read or write) will be active (
logic one).
Lines
The number and type of lines in a control bus varies but there are basic lines common to all microprocessors, such as:
* Read (
). A single line that when active (logic zero) indicates the device is being read by the CPU.
* Write (
). A single line that when active (logic zero) indicates the device is being written by the CPU.
* Byte enable (
). A group of lines that indicate the size of the data (8, 16, 32, 64 bytes).
The RD and WR signals of the control bus control the reading or writing of RAM, avoiding
bus contention on the data bus.
[
Ian Sinclair; John Dunton]
"Practical Electronics Handbook"
2013.
section "The control bus".
p. 209-210.
Additional lines are microprocessor-dependent, such as:
* Transfer
ACK ("acknowledgement"). Delivers information that the data was acknowledged (read) by the device.
* Bus request (BR, BREQ, or BRQ). Indicates a device is requesting the use of the (data) bus.
* Bus grant (BG or BGRT). Indicates the CPU has granted access to the bus.
*
Interrupt
In digital computers, an interrupt (sometimes referred to as a trap) is a request for the processor to ''interrupt'' currently executing code (when permitted), so that the event can be processed in a timely manner. If the request is accepted, ...
request (IRQ). A device with lower
priority is requesting access to the CPU.
* Clock signals. The signal on this line is used to synchronize data between the CPU and a device.
*
Reset. If this line is active, the CPU will perform a
hard reboot
In computing, rebooting is the process by which a running computer system is restarted, either intentionally or unintentionally. Reboots can be either a cold reboot (alternatively known as a hard reboot) in which the power to the system is phys ...
.
Systems that have more than one
bus master have additional control bus signals that control which bus master drives the address bus, avoiding bus contention on the address bus.
See also
*
Address bus
In computer architecture, a bus (shortened form of the Latin '' omnibus'', and historically also called data highway or databus) is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers. This e ...
*
Data bus
In computer architecture, a bus (shortened form of the Latin '' omnibus'', and historically also called data highway or databus) is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers. This ...
*
Bus mastering
References
External links
Definitionby
Webopedia.
Computer system organizationat the
University of California, Riverside
The University of California, Riverside (UCR or UC Riverside) is a public land-grant research university in Riverside, California. It is one of the ten campuses of the University of California system. The main campus sits on in a suburban dist ...
.
"Hardware and Software Architecture" a
PowerPoint
Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation program, created by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin at a software company named Forethought, Inc. It was released on April 20, 1987, initially for Macintosh computers only. Microsoft acquired Powe ...
presentation at
California State University, Los Angeles
California State University, Los Angeles (Cal State LA) is a public university in Los Angeles, California. It is part of the 23-campus California State University (CSU) system. Cal State LA offers 142 bachelor's degrees, 122 master's degrees, ...
.
Computer buses
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