Communalism may refer to: *

Communalism (Bookchin) Murray Bookchin (January 14, 1921 – July 30, 2006) was an American social theorist, author, orator, historian, and political philosopher. A pioneer in the environmental movement, Bookchin formulated and developed the theory of social ...

, a theory of government in which autonomous communities form confederations * , a historical method that follows the development of communities *

Communalism (South Asia) Communalism is a term used to denote attempts to construct religious or ethnic identity, incite strife between people identified as different communities, and to stimulate communal violence between those groups. It derives from history, difference ...

, violence across ethnic or communal boundaries *

African communalism African communalism refers to the traditional way rural areas of Africa have been functioning in the past. In Africa, society existed for decades without formal hierarchies, with equal access to land and river for all, in a way that resembles for ...

, a system of interdependence in rural Africa *

Medieval communalism Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city. These took many forms and varied widely in organization and makeup. ...

, a system of mutual allegiance and defense between cities in the European Middle Ages *

Intentional community An intentional community is a voluntary residential community which is designed to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork from the start. The members of an intentional community typically hold a common social, political, religious ...

, a planned, socially-cohesive, residential community *

Municipalism Municipalism is the political system of home rule at the local level, such as of a city or town, thus a municipality with its own governing authority as an administrative division of a sovereign state. Municipalism is more than simple support for mu ...

, governance by a region's local administrative division

See also