Clupeiformes is the order of
ray-finned fish
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species.
The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or h ...
that includes the
herring
Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family of Clupeidae.
Herring often move in large schools around fishing banks and near the coast, found particularly in shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean ...
family,
Clupeidae
Clupeidae is a family of ray-finned fishes, comprising, for instance, the herrings, shads, sardines, hilsa, and menhadens. The clupeoids include many of the most important food fishes in the world, and are also commonly caught for producti ...
, and the
anchovy family,
Engraulidae. The group includes many of the most important
forage
Forage is a plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock. Historically, the term ''forage'' has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also use ...
and
food fish.
Clupeiformes are
physostome
Physostomes are fishes that have a pneumatic duct connecting the gas bladder to the alimentary canal. This allows the gas bladder to be filled or emptied via the mouth. This not only allows the fish to fill their bladder by gulping air, but also t ...
s, which means that their
gas bladder
The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth wit ...
has a
pneumatic duct connecting it to the
gut. They typically lack a
lateral line
The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ (LLO), is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water. The sensory ability is achieved via modified epithelial ...
, but still have the eyes,
fins and
scales
Scale or scales may refer to:
Mathematics
* Scale (descriptive set theory), an object defined on a set of points
* Scale (ratio), the ratio of a linear dimension of a model to the corresponding dimension of the original
* Scale factor, a number w ...
that are common to most fish, though not all fish have these attributes. They are generally silvery fish with streamlined, spindle-shaped, bodies, and they often
school
A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes co ...
. Most species eat
plankton
Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in water (or air) that are unable to propel themselves against a current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a cruc ...
which they filter from the water with their
gill rakers.
The former order of Isospondyli was subsumed mostly by Clupeiformes, but some isospondylous fishes (isospondyls) were assigned to
Osteoglossiformes,
Salmoniformes,
Cetomimiformes, etc.
Families
The order includes about 405 species in seven families:
* Order Clupeiformes
** Suborder Denticipitoidei
*** Family
Denticipitidae (denticle herring)
** Suborder Clupeoidei
*** Family
Engraulidae (anchovies)
**** Subfamily
Coiliinae
**** Subfamily
Engraulinae
*** Family
Spratelloididae
*** Family
Pristigasteridae (longfin herrings)
**** Subfamily
Pristigasterinae
**** Subfamily
Pelloninae
*** Family
Chirocentridae
The wolf herrings are a family (Chirocentridae) of two marine species of ray-finned fish related to the herrings.
Both species have elongated bodies and jaws with long sharp teeth that facilitate their ravenous appetites, mostly for other fish ...
(wolf herrings)
*** Family
Dussumieriidae (round herrings)
*** Family
Clupeidae
Clupeidae is a family of ray-finned fishes, comprising, for instance, the herrings, shads, sardines, hilsa, and menhadens. The clupeoids include many of the most important food fishes in the world, and are also commonly caught for producti ...
ncl._Sundasalangidae)_(herrings,_sardines,_shads,_and_menhadens)
****_Subfamily_Clupeinae.html" ;"title="Sundasalangidae.html" ;"title="ncl. Sundasalangidae">ncl. Sundasalangidae) (herrings, sardines, shads, and menhadens)
**** Subfamily Clupeinae">Sundasalangidae.html" ;"title="ncl. Sundasalangidae">ncl. Sundasalangidae) (herrings, sardines, shads, and menhadens)
**** Subfamily Clupeinae
**** Subfamily Ehiravinae
**** Subfamily Alosinae
**** Subfamily Dorosomatinae
**** Subfamily Pellonulinae
Timeline of genera
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from: -199.6 till: -175.6 color:earlyjurassic text:Early
Early may refer to:
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** Early Christianity
** Early modern Europe
Places in the United States
* Early, Iowa
* Early, Texas
* Early ...
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from: -161.2 till: -145.5 color:latejurassic text: Late
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History
* The beginning or oldest part of a defined historical period, as opposed to middle or late periods, e.g.:
** Early Christianity
** Early modern Europe
Places in the United States
* Early, Iowa
* Early, Texas
* Early ...
from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text: Late
from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text: Paleo.
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from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text: Oligo.
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from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text:Jurassic
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from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:Cretaceous
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The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning o ...
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.
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color:latejurassic bar:NAM1 from:-161.2 till:-149.03 text: Pachythrissops
color:latejurassic bar:NAM2 from:-150.8 till:-149.03 text: Daitingichthys
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM3 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text: Ornategulum
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM4 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text: Scombroclupea
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color:latecretaceous bar:NAM6 from:-85.8 till:-83.5 text: Histiothrissa
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM7 from:-70.6 till:-65.5 text:Gasteroclupea
''Gasteroclupea'' is a genus of prehistoric clupeiform fish that is related to modern anchovies and herrings. Its fossils date back to the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous period. Fossils of the genus have been found in the Yacorai ...
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color:eocene bar:NAM8 from:-55.8 till:-33.9 text: Hacquetia
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''Clupea'' is genus of planktivorous bony fish belonging to the family Clupeidae, commonly known as herrings. They are found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans, including the Baltic Sea. Two main ...
color:eocene bar:NAM10 from:-55.8 till:0 text: Harengula
color:eocene bar:NAM11 from:-55.8 till:0 text: Chirocentrus
color:eocene bar:NAM12 from:-48.6 till:0 text: Etrumeus
color:eocene bar:NAM13 from:-48.6 till:0 text:Sardinella
''Sardinella'' is a genus of fish in the family Clupeidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. They are abundant in warmer waters of the tropical and subtropical oceans. Adults are generally coastal, schooling, marine fish but juveni ...
color:eocene bar:NAM14 from:-37.2 till:0 text:Alosa
''Alosa'' is a genus of fish, the river herrings, in the family Clupeidae. Along with other genera in the subfamily Alosinae, they are generally known as shads. tp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/ac482e/ac482e27.pdf Subfamily AlosinaeFAO Fisherie ...
color:oligocene bar:NAM15 from:-33.9 till:0 text: Opisthonema
color:oligocene bar:NAM16 from:-33.9 till:0 text: Pomolobus
color:oligocene bar:NAM17 from:-28.4 till:0 text: Sardina
color:miocene bar:NAM18 from:-23.03 till:0 text: Stolephorus
color:miocene bar:NAM19 from:-23.03 till:0 text:Anchoa
''Anchoa'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Engraulidae. It currently consists of 35 species.
Species
There are currently 35 recognized species in this genus:
* '' Anchoa analis'' ( R. R. Miller, 1945) (Longfin Pacific anchovy)
* ' ...
color:miocene bar:NAM20 from:-23.03 till:0 text: Ilisha
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color:miocene bar:NAM23 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text: Alisea
color:miocene bar:NAM24 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text: Etringus
color:miocene bar:NAM25 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text: Ganoessus
color:miocene bar:NAM26 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text: Ganolytes
color:miocene bar:NAM27 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text: Quisque
color:miocene bar:NAM28 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text: Xyne
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** Early Christianity
** Early modern Europe
Places in the United States
* Early, Iowa
* Early, Texas
* Early ...
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History
* The beginning or oldest part of a defined historical period, as opposed to middle or late periods, e.g.:
** Early Christianity
** Early modern Europe
Places in the United States
* Early, Iowa
* Early, Texas
* Early ...
from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text: Late
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from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text: Oligo.
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from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text:Jurassic
The Jurassic ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of ...
from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...
from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene
The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning o ...
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.
References
*
{{Authority control
Ray-finned fish orders
Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker