Clichy ( , ; sometimes unofficially Clichy-la-Garenne ) is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

. It is located on the

Seine ) , mouth_location = Le Havre/ Honfleur , mouth_coordinates = , mouth_elevation = , progression = , river_system = Seine basin , basin_size = , tributaries_left = Yonne, Loing, Eure, Risle , tributa ...

, from the centre of Paris. In 2017, it had a population of 61,070. Located in Clichy are the headquarters of the

L'Oréal Group L'Oréal S.A. () is a French personal care company headquartered in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine with a registered office in Paris. It is the world's largest cosmetics company and has developed activities in the field concentrating on hair color, sk ...

, the world's largest company in

cosmetics Cosmetics are constituted mixtures of chemical compounds derived from either natural sources, or synthetically created ones. Cosmetics have various purposes. Those designed for personal care and skin care can be used to cleanse or protec ...

and

beauty Beauty is commonly described as a feature of objects that makes these objects pleasurable to perceive. Such objects include landscapes, sunsets, humans and works of art. Beauty, together with art and taste, is the main subject of aesthetics, o ...

, Bic, one of the biggest pen producers in the world, as well as

Sony , commonly stylized as SONY, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. As a major technology company, it operates as one of the world's largest manufacturers of consumer and professional ...

France, a large

electronics The field of electronics is a branch of physics and electrical engineering that deals with the emission, behaviour and effects of electrons using electronic devices. Electronics uses active devices to control electron flow by amplification ...

and

media Media may refer to: Communication * Media (communication), tools used to deliver information or data ** Advertising media, various media, content, buying and placement for advertising ** Broadcast media, communications delivered over mass e ...

company.

Name

The name Clichy was recorded for the first time in the 6th century as ''Clippiacum'', later corrupted into ''Clichiacum'', meaning "estate of Cleppius", a

Gallo-Roman Gallo-Roman culture was a consequence of the Romanization of Gauls under the rule of the Roman Empire. It was characterized by the Gaulish adoption or adaptation of Roman culture, language, morals and way of life in a uniquely Gaulish context ...

landowner. In the 13th century, the plain of Clichy was used as a ''garenne'' ("warren" in English), i.e. a hunting park and game preserve for the exclusive use of the king or a lord. Clichy became known as Clichy-la-Garenne ("Clichy the Warren" or preserve). Between 1793 and 1795, during the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...

, Clichy-la-Garenne was renamed ''Clichy-la-Patriote'' (meaning "Clichy the Patriot"), perhaps because the word ''garenne'' reminded people of the feudal privileges that the new government abolished in 1789. After the Revolution, the French administration officially recorded the name of the commune only as Clichy, dropping the "la-Garenne". This is the term in use in the 21st century. But, in many instances the municipality of Clichy refers to the commune traditionally as Clichy-la-Garenne, although this has not been the official name for more than 200 years. Clichy-Nord

History

Clichy was the capital of the

Merovingians The Merovingian dynasty () was the ruling family of the Franks from the middle of the 5th century until 751. They first appear as "Kings of the Franks" in the Roman army of northern Gaul. By 509 they had united all the Franks and northern Gauli ...

during the rule of

Dagobert I Dagobert I ( la, Dagobertus; 605/603 – 19 January 639 AD) was the king of Austrasia (623–634), king of all the Franks (629–634), and king of Neustria and Burgundy (629–639). He has been described as the last king of the Merovingian dyna ...

. Its church was built in the 17th century under the direction of St Vincent de Paul, who had previously been curé of Clichy. In 1830, part of the territory of Clichy was detached and became the commune of Batignolles-Monceau. On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris annexed neighboring communes, taking most of Batignolles-Monceau, which now forms the major part of the

17th arrondissement of Paris The 17th arrondissement of Paris (''XVIIe arrondissement'') is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, it is referred to as ''le dix-septième'' (; "the seventeenth"). The arrondissement, known as Batignol ...

. A small part of the territory of Batignolles-Monceau was returned to Clichy. On 11 January 1867, part of the territory of Clichy was detached and merged with a part of the territory of

Neuilly-sur-Seine Neuilly-sur-Seine (; literally 'Neuilly on Seine'), also known simply as Neuilly, is a commune in the department of Hauts-de-Seine in France, just west of Paris. Immediately adjacent to the city, the area is composed of mostly select residentia ...

to create the commune of

Levallois-Perret Levallois-Perret () is a commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department and Île-de-France region of north-central France. It lies some from the centre of Paris in the north-western suburbs of the French capital. It is the most densely populated ...

Population

The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Clichy proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Clichy ceded the commune of Batignolles-Monceau in 1830, and reabsorbed part of it in 1859. In 1866 it ceded part of its territory to the new commune of

Immigration

Administration

The canton covers a part of the commune; the other is in the northern part of

International relations

Clichy is twinned with: *

Heidenheim an der Brenz Heidenheim an der Brenz, or just Heidenheim (; Swabian: ''Hoidna'' or ''Hoirna''), is a town in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is located near the border with Bavaria, approximately 17 km south of Aalen and 33 km north of ...

Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg (; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million inhabitants across a ...

, Germany, since 1959 *

Sankt Pölten Sankt Pölten (; Central Bavarian: ''St. Pödn''), mostly abbreviated to the official name St. Pölten, is the capital and largest city of the State of Lower Austria in northeast Austria, with 55,538 inhabitants as of 1 January 2020. St. Pölten ...

Lower Austria Lower Austria (german: Niederösterreich; Austro-Bavarian: ''Niedaöstareich'', ''Niedaestareich'') is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt P ...

, Austria, since 1968 * Santo Tirso, District of Porto, Portugal, since 1991 * Rubí,

Catalonia Catalonia (; ca, Catalunya ; Aranese Occitan: ''Catalonha'' ; es, Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a '' nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy. Most of the territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the no ...

, Spain, since 2005 *

Southwark Southwark ( ) is a district of Central London situated on the south bank of the River Thames, forming the north-western part of the wider modern London Borough of Southwark. The district, which is the oldest part of South London, developed ...

London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...

, United Kingdom since 2005 Merthyr Tydfil, South Wales, Since 1981

Economy

has its head office in the Centre Eugène Schueller in Clichy. In addition, Monoprix has its head office in Clichy.

Société Bic Société Bic S.A., commonly called Bic and stylized as BiC, is a French manufacturing corporation based in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine. It sells a world-leading brand of lighters and pens since its founding by Marcel Bich (1914–1994) in 1945, an ...

has its head office in Clichy. At one time

Fnac Fnac () is a large French retail chain selling culture, cultural and consumer electronics, electronic products, founded by André Essel and Max Théret in 1954. Its head office is in ''Le Flavia'' in Ivry-sur-Seine near Paris. It is an abbreviati ...

had its head office in Clichy. In 2008 the head office moved to

Ivry-sur-Seine Ivry-sur-Seine () is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Paris's main Asian district, the Quartier Asiatique in the 13th arrondissement, borders the ...

. Amazon has its French Head Office in Clichy.

Transport

Clichy is served by Mairie de Clichy station on

Paris Métro Line 13 Paris Métro Line 13 (opened as Line B; French: ''Ligne 13 du métro de Paris'') is one of the sixteen lines of the Paris Métro. It was built by the Nord-Sud Company before becoming Line 13 when the Nord-Sud was merged into the Compagnie du ch ...

. It is also served by Clichy–Levallois station on the

Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare is one of the sectors in the Paris Transilien suburban rail network. The trains on this sector depart from Gare Saint-Lazare in central Paris and serve the north and north-west of Île-de-France region with Transilien ...

suburban rail line.

Education

The commune has 22 primary schools, three junior high schools, and two senior high schools. The junior highs include:Education > Les établissements
" Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine. Retrieved on September 4, 2016. * Collège Jean Jaurès * Collège Jean Macé * Collège Vincent Van Gogh The senior high schools are: * Lycée Newton * Lycée René Auffray

Notable persons

Olivier Messiaen Olivier Eugène Prosper Charles Messiaen (, ; ; 10 December 1908 – 27 April 1992) was a French composer, organist, and ornithology, ornithologist who was one of the major composers of the 20th-century classical music, 20th century. His m ...

, French composer, died here. *

Henry Miller Henry Valentine Miller (December 26, 1891 – June 7, 1980) was an American novelist. He broke with existing literary forms and developed a new type of semi- autobiographical novel that blended character study, social criticism, philosophical re ...

, American author, lived with

Alfred Perlès Alfred Perlès (1897–1990) was an Austrian writer (in later life a British citizen), who was most famous for his associations with Henry Miller, Lawrence Durrell, and Anaïs Nin. Life and works Born in Vienna in 1897, to Czech Jewish parents ...

at 4 avenue Anatole France from 1932 to 1934.Kreg Wallace
Clichy (ave. Anatole France)
, ''Walking Paris with Henry Miller''. Retrieved on 7 May 2014. *

Jean-Luc Rougé Jean-Luc Rougé (born 30 May 1949, Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine) is a French judoka. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics. Biography Fighting in the under 93 kg weight division, Rougé was the first French judoka ...

, 1975 world

Judo is an unarmed modern Japanese martial art, Olympic sport (since 1964), and the most prominent form of jacket wrestling competed internationally.『日本大百科全書』電子版【柔道】(CD-ROM version of Encyclopedia Nipponica, "Judo") ...

champion *

Feta Ahamada Feta Ahamada (born 24 June 1987) is a track and field sprint athlete who competes internationally for Comoros. She has competed at both the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, and at the 2012 Games in London, United Kingdom. Athletics She ho ...

, athlete *

Audrey Bruneau Audrey Bruneau (born 21 September 1992 in Clichy-la-Garenne, France) is a French handball Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt ...

, handball player *

Carlos (singer) Carlos (born Yvan-Chrysostome Dolto; February 20, 1943 — January 17, 2008) was a French singer, entertainer and actor. He is sometimes called Jean-Christophe Doltovitch. Biography He was the son of the psychoanalyst Françoise Dolto and the ...

, singer * Rochel Chery, basketball player * Claude Dielna , footballer *

Vincent Doukantie Vincent ( la, Vincentius) is a male given name derived from the Roman name Vincentius, which is derived from the Latin word (''to conquer''). People with the given name Artists *Vincent Apap (1909–2003), Maltese sculptor *Vincent van Gogh ...

, footballer * Karichma Ekoh , handball player * Gwladys Épangue, taekwondo athlete * Jeremy Helan footballer * Julian Jeanvier, footballer * Moustapha Keita, footballer * Aissatou Kouyate, handball player *

Souleymane M'Baye Souleymane M'baye (born March 21, 1975) is a French professional boxer and is the former WBA super-lightweight champion. He won the vacated title by a fourth technical knockout on September 2, 2006 against Raul Horacio Balbi. His defeats came ag ...

boxer * Windsor Noncent footballer *

Steed Tchicamboud Steed Tchicamboud (born 18 June 1981) is a French former professional basketball player for who last played for SLUC Nancy Basket of the LNB Pro A. Professional career He played for Élan Chalon from 2010 to 2014. On 26 November 2014 he left C ...

basketball player * Brice Tutu, footballer *

Jacques Mesrine Jacques Mesrine (; 28 December 1936 – 2 November 1979) was a French criminal responsible for numerous murders, bank robberies, burglaries, and kidnappings in France, the US, and Canada. Mesrine repeatedly escaped from prison and made ...

, French criminal, known as the French

Robin Hood Robin Hood is a legendary heroic outlaw originally depicted in English folklore and subsequently featured in literature and film. According to legend, he was a highly skilled archer and swordsman. In some versions of the legend, he is dep ...

Thomas Piketty Thomas Piketty (; born 7 May 1971) is a French economist who is Professor of Economics at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences, Associate Chair at the Paris School of Economics and Centennial Professor of Economics in the In ...

Economist * Jeanine Claes artist, dancer, choreographer and dance teacher * Moussa Sissako, footballer *

Abdoulaye Sissako Abdoulaye Sissako (born 26 May 1998) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Belgian First Division A club Kortrijk. Club career In August 2023, Sissako joined Kortrijk on a four-year deal. International career Sissa ...

, footballer

References

External links

Clichy City HallFacebook page of ClichyTwitter of ClichyClichy et la vidéosurveillance
{{DEFAULTSORT:Clichy, Hauts-De-Seine Communes of Hauts-de-Seine