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Cidaroida is an order (biology), order of primitive sea urchins, the only living order of the subclass Perischoechinoidea. All other orders of this subclass, which were even more primitive than the living forms, became extinct during the Mesozoic.
According to World Register of Marine Species:
* family Anisocidaridae Vadet, 1999 †
* super-family Cidaridea Gray, 1825
** family Cidaridae Gray, 1825
** family Ctenocidaridae Mortensen, 1928a
** family Paurocidaridae Vadet, 1999a †
* family Diplocidaridae Gregory, 1900 †
* family Heterocidaridae Mortensen, 1934 †
* super-family Histocidaroidea Lambert, 1900
** family Histocidaridae Lambert, 1900
** family Psychocidaridae Ikeda, 1936
* family Miocidaridae Durham & Melville, 1957 †
* family Polycidaridae Vadet, 1988 †
* family Rhabdocidaridae Lambert, 1900 †
* family Serpianotiaridae Hagdorn, 1995 †
* family Triadocidaridae Smith, 1994c †
Image:Stylocidaris affinis.jpg, ''Stylocidaris affinis'' (Cidaridae)
Image:Notocidaris.jpg, ''Notocidaris sp.'' (Ctenocidaridae)
Image:Histocidaris variabilis.jpg, ''Histocidaris variabilis'' (Histocidaridae)
Image:Tylocidaris ohshimai.JPG, ''Tylocidaris ohshimai'' (Psychocidaridae)
Image:Miocidaris coaeva MHNT.PAL.2006.94.jpg, ''Miocidaris coaeva'' (Miocidaridae, fossil)
Image:Paracidaris florigemma.JPG, ''Paracidaris florigemma'' (Polycidaridae, fossil)
Image:Cidaris blakei.jpg, ''Cidaris blakei'', abyssal Caribbean species
Image:Eucidaris tribuloides (Slate-pencil Urchin).jpg, ''Eucidaris tribuloides'', shallow Caribbean species
Image:Phyllacanthus.jpg, ''Phyllacanthus imperialis'', shallow Indo-Pacific species
Image:Plococidaris verticillata.jpg, ''Plococidaris verticillata'', rare shallow Indo-Pacific species
Image:Prionocidaris baculosa.jpg, ''Prionocidaris baculosa'', from Philippines
Image:Reef0228.jpg, ''Chondrocidaris gigantea'', from Hawaii
Description
Their primary spines are much more widely separated than in other sea urchins, and they have no buccal slits. Other primitive features include relatively simple plates in the Test (biology), test, and the ambulacral plates continuing as a series across the membrane that surrounds the mouth.Families
According to World Register of Marine Species:
* family Anisocidaridae Vadet, 1999 †
* super-family Cidaridea Gray, 1825
** family Cidaridae Gray, 1825
** family Ctenocidaridae Mortensen, 1928a
** family Paurocidaridae Vadet, 1999a †
* family Diplocidaridae Gregory, 1900 †
* family Heterocidaridae Mortensen, 1934 †
* super-family Histocidaroidea Lambert, 1900
** family Histocidaridae Lambert, 1900
** family Psychocidaridae Ikeda, 1936
* family Miocidaridae Durham & Melville, 1957 †
* family Polycidaridae Vadet, 1988 †
* family Rhabdocidaridae Lambert, 1900 †
* family Serpianotiaridae Hagdorn, 1995 †
* family Triadocidaridae Smith, 1994c †
References
Citations
Sources
* * * Cidaroida, Cisuralian first appearances Extant Permian first appearances {{echinoidea-stub